tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-57297096020626211342024-03-18T10:53:58.511+00:00Armenians in India - Behind the Scenes Forgotten HistoryHighlighting some of the lesser known, but just as important past Armenian characters in India.
Those Armenians who have some sort of connection, or maybe simply buried in Calcutta and other locations in India, I re-create their lives and put them into short stories, at least as much as I am able to.
The Armenians of India are unique and their stories need to be told. I hope this blog goes a little way to telling those stories.
Armenian graves in India www.chater-genealogy.com.Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.comBlogger108125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-16217039369897403372024-02-18T16:22:00.001+00:002024-02-18T16:39:21.100+00:00Fashion Power-House Madame Pompadour aka Catherine Courtney of Bombay and Her Dancing Sister Barbara Crosby: Their True Origins<p> <br /></p>
<h1>Madame Pompadour</h1>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Let’s get to the bottom of who Madame Pompadour of Bombay
really was. Besides being imaginative, theatrical, a show-stopper, cabaret
performer, artiste-extraordinaire, fashionista, designer and a trend-setter,
she was also a leading light in the world of fashion in Bombay in the 1930’s
and 40’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anyone who was anyone,
patronised<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the <i>Pompadour Salon</i> at
the Taj Hotel. She pioneered, and boldly created the first ever fashion show in
Bombay in the 1940’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhW6WSkRz9wdeYlwmebFI0yQC6qWyZO6Mom9IZrgvqZDd6eiHMtLlRVcDIJy4mGMMKNDLPsrAZgDYjnzfR-d710VoT6Y0956UaVeIWnD_IQe6W28nsenk35RIXZGMrRFLOF_qtMt6s-owRpXBwKGFy98PAY8syVvECdxOdRSxpi6PytI5t5U5gQqPWRhc/s868/Catherine%20Courtney%20Madame%20Pompadour%20via%20Taj%20Hotel%20Bombay.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="868" data-original-width="688" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhW6WSkRz9wdeYlwmebFI0yQC6qWyZO6Mom9IZrgvqZDd6eiHMtLlRVcDIJy4mGMMKNDLPsrAZgDYjnzfR-d710VoT6Y0956UaVeIWnD_IQe6W28nsenk35RIXZGMrRFLOF_qtMt6s-owRpXBwKGFy98PAY8syVvECdxOdRSxpi6PytI5t5U5gQqPWRhc/s320/Catherine%20Courtney%20Madame%20Pompadour%20via%20Taj%20Hotel%20Bombay.jpg" width="254" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image courtesy of the Taj Hotel, Mumbai, Facebook page.
Catherine n<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span>e
Michael was Pompadour.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal">She led and others followed her style, design and panache.
She exuded something others did not possess, her verve for life, her happy
disposition, her ability to spot a trend before the trend became ‘trendy’, she
quite simply put the extra in extraordinary. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Brought up in a family surrounded by music, dance, acting,
performing and theatre; creating excitement and show-biz exhilaration is what
she and each of her siblings did in some way. Her Irish step-tapping roots
shining through. You’d expect someone with that name to be French, she is
commonly reported to be English because of the name she was known by, Catherine
Courtney. Breaking through the genealogical brick wall, I can reveal for the
first time, that she was in fact a local Bombay girl, the daughter of an
Armenian<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Born Catherine Ripsima Michael in 1905, her father was
Charles John Michael<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
the Assistant Secretary of the Bombay Chamber of Commerce, and a hugely
respected man, not just in the Armenian community but in the city of Bombay
generally. Catherine was unlikely to remember him as he died when she was three
in 1908 having suffered a stroke aged only 44. His wife, Annie n<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span>e
Flynn<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
had given birth to her youngest child in March 1908 just a month before her
husband passed away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Charles’s parents were William Michael and Susan née <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joseph. Like many Armenian families in India,
these two families, the Michael’s and Joseph’s, found themselves with
anglicised surnames, but in fact, they were derived through a couple of
generations using patronymics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is a
constant head-ache for Armenian family history researchers in India, as many
Armenian families chose to name their sons after their fathers or grandfathers,
re-using the same surnames and Christian names and transposing their order.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In the case of the MICHAEL and JOSEPH families of Bombay,
names were not only transposed, they were dropped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, Lazar Joseph Michael was also
recorded as being Lazar Joseph, his father had been called Joseph Agazar but back
in Persia, Joseph Agazar’s father and grandfather had been known by the surname
of Gaspar.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">With regard to the JOSEPH surname of Bombay I have
established that Joseph Marcus Joseph’s father had in fact been called Marcus
Joseph Dahbashian. Marcus dropped Dahbashian and was more commonly known as
Marcus Joseph.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The name stayed constant
for 4 generations back, but I have further discovered the original name had
been Dahbashian Zaquaria.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Most of us are limited by English language records, books,
articles and anecdotes when we research Armenian family history in Asia, but it
is frequently the Armenian language records that give the breakthroughs we
often seek.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am grateful to Rafael
Abramyan for drawing this document to my attention, allowing me to make the
“English” connection to these very Armenian families. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT6EwYPiCNjFr9px-2xh6VAmb482u5n9Zp0RCmK2Ffr0rJzq-P79NMe2bvjxFiz4zAP_U0oDAU8gaHiirmbs7gAM-hhVtT0avnNmRuNJB4se1NoE3dWbSgu-V2xhq4cpMMXGUNvqBCaU5S5_4EKs_QDlH2wgFtSzo5r91W8wVnO9TaSCfbvCBIzv1IP-0/s1275/Dahbashian-Joseph%20familytree%20chart.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="765" data-original-width="1275" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT6EwYPiCNjFr9px-2xh6VAmb482u5n9Zp0RCmK2Ffr0rJzq-P79NMe2bvjxFiz4zAP_U0oDAU8gaHiirmbs7gAM-hhVtT0avnNmRuNJB4se1NoE3dWbSgu-V2xhq4cpMMXGUNvqBCaU5S5_4EKs_QDlH2wgFtSzo5r91W8wVnO9TaSCfbvCBIzv1IP-0/w400-h240/Dahbashian-Joseph%20familytree%20chart.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Family tree of the Dahbashian family courtesy of Rafael
Abramyan</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Catherine had first married Reginald Ludwig in 1932 in
Moradabad by licence. He was a talented musician but the marriage returns from
India to England<a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
tells a story of not quite the whole truth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She married Reginald using the surname of Barnett, however the entry for
her father was crossed through <s>Charles John Michael</s> and re-entered as
Charles John Michael Barnett. But why Barnett?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It would seem that prior to 1932 Catherine associated closely with a
gentleman called W.G. Barnett, a popular and well-known jockey in India.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He was Australian, and had been a very successful jockey in
Sydney.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had been riding in India and
England since 1918.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With a wife and
young family in Sydney, he was a man with a lot of freedom when overseas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first solid reference that “Pompadour”
was Catherine Barnett <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is taken from the
Times of India August 1931 in which it states: <i>“Madame Pompadour (Mrs. W.G.
Barnett), who is appearing at the Three Arts Ball at the Taj Mahal….will appear
in impressions of famous screen and stage stars”. </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It goes on to say: <i>“Madame Pompadour has
offered to create and make a gown for the best dressed lady present in evening
dress…….”.</i> As Mr & Mrs Barnett, they were often noted as attending race
balls and activities, both enjoying performing and the theatre these occasions
called for.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Catherine, under her stage name of <i>Pompadour,</i> had a
life-long association with the Taj Hotel, Bombay.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her early years were spent in Musoorie, and
Poona, where her Pompadour brand was eagerly sought after. She also made
regular overseas trips to Europe sourcing the latest fashionable clothing and
importing them to India. Meanwhile Wilfred Grant Barnett regularly found
himself on the English turf jockey circuit, and made some memorable wins in the
early 1920’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have not been able to
find any evidence that he and Catherine ever formally or officially married, but
when Catherine married Reginald, and used the surname Barnett, and there is
more than one source that describes them as “Mr. & Mrs. Barnett”, it does
point towards her being “married” to him. Could that have been a blatant lie,
or the result of a very secret marriage ceremony? Whichever it was, there is no
escaping the fact that for a number of years, Catherine and Wilfred were
considered a couple, and openly worked the social circles as Mr & Mrs
Barnett. The earliest reference to Catherine as Mrs. Barnett that I have found
so far is the Times of India October 1923 in which it states Mrs Barnett and
Mrs. F. Michael “ [this is Catherine’s mother] undoubtedly found the planning
of the [Japanese Carnival in Poona] no light task.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">As much as he was a regular rider on the Indian jockey
scene, she was a regular dress designer and supplier to ladies looking for the
latest fashion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was as much of a
fixture at the Indian races as he was as a jockey, they made a charismatic
couple. In 1927 they made a trip to England together as a married couple.
However, the Indian newspapers reported that Barnett was going on a long cruise
to South America and the Continent [Europe], when in fact he and Catherine had
made a bee-line to the nearest passenger ship to sail to England; a plausible
ruse to throw people off the scent then, but for digital hounds like myself, using
newspapers to track movements, this has proved to be not quite the whole truth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This would be one of many visits to Europe
they made, although not always together.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Catherine is recorded as sailing alone to London from Bombay on board
the Rajputana in March 1929, to purchase new stock for her shop, and no doubt
to visit her sister whom I will touch on a little later in this blog. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Pompadour brand was going from strength-to-strength. She
rotated her business locations, depending on the racing season, but made a
permanent move to Bombay in the 1930’s where she established a key location
inside the Taj Hotel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She continued to
entertain with song and dance routines, but her focus now was more fashion, and
keeping her clientele well dressed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With
her sister Barbara living in London and another sister, Charlotte living in the
USA, Catherine was able to get up-to-date fashions and supplies from leading
fashion centres, London, Paris, New York and Los Angeles. From the late 1930’s
onwards The Taj Hotel Bombay became a family affair. As well as Catherine
running Pompadour, her older sister Barbara had moved from London back to
Bombay and set up a dance school directly adjacent to the Pompadour dress
shop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The two sisters became <i>the </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ladies to go to for dance, style, deportment
and design; between them they had swept up a large proportion of the ladies of
Bombay to their respective businesses; you could dance well <i>and</i> look fantastic
courtesy of these two entrepreneurial Armenian women. A perfect combination for
any modern young lady of the city.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In 1943, when Catherine Ludwig married Frank Courtney at the
Armenian Church Bombay<a href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>,
there was no mention of a previous marriage to anyone called Barnett, there was
however, a note stating this was her 2<sup>nd</sup> marriage, the previous one
to Ludwig was subject to a High Court Suit of 1941. I’m speculating this was a
divorce case. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What can also be
identified from this document is Catherine lied about her age. She was not 28
as indicated, she was in fact 38 years old, the same age as Frank her
bridegroom.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEuWMydeuh5WnfZonDNjn486CR6Cff7y3fDjN3u1ULyhlPLkrzfdjymCbaRoyLtgwh93HrSjU2r8aQ6WCwF3UDelAfQ_3hsJ4oLBSbipZK-kn3p1TrjJNVCCqeLmI-jnI7-cCoIE_9albNx2Pnc0PL-OZSLd-hdpFZjgHUrS7t_kOvot11hNt_QI3gaZ0/s1275/1943%20september%2012%20marriage%20of%20Francis%20W%20Courtney%20+%20Catherine%20Ripsima%20Ludwig-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="244" data-original-width="1275" height="76" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEuWMydeuh5WnfZonDNjn486CR6Cff7y3fDjN3u1ULyhlPLkrzfdjymCbaRoyLtgwh93HrSjU2r8aQ6WCwF3UDelAfQ_3hsJ4oLBSbipZK-kn3p1TrjJNVCCqeLmI-jnI7-cCoIE_9albNx2Pnc0PL-OZSLd-hdpFZjgHUrS7t_kOvot11hNt_QI3gaZ0/w400-h76/1943%20september%2012%20marriage%20of%20Francis%20W%20Courtney%20+%20Catherine%20Ripsima%20Ludwig-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Liz Chater</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We may never know for certain if Catherine had ever gone
through any official ceremony with Wilfred Barnett, or whether they used the
‘Mr. & Mrs.’ prefix to cover their unmarried relationship. If they <i>had</i>
married, then he had committed bigamy and so had she when she married Reginald.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">As Mrs. Frank Courtney, Catherine continued with her very
successful <i>Pompadour</i> shop and brand. During the war years both Catherine
and Barbara participated in fund-raising for war-related causes, doing what
they did best; organising balls, dances, fashion shows and cabarets.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<h1>Wilfred Grant Gleeson Barnett<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</h1>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-GFKev8HkK0-cA-s-ONbAbkhQ8QZb-4Vj-S0APRRY3xsFkerzEC4W02IIMBuFU4qK0GiaDnnM-guBmXNz9NVK8iuRnuQ4hafg0ThoP0ZYAtFFsc8haw5EIiIu5htgqwQ30DrZQUN8q8ZrEgMm9s6XTl6wYIavyd2ocIcFs0V7GEz21fk-1BGwt7sRiTc/s3233/BARNETT%20MONTAGE.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1769" data-original-width="3233" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-GFKev8HkK0-cA-s-ONbAbkhQ8QZb-4Vj-S0APRRY3xsFkerzEC4W02IIMBuFU4qK0GiaDnnM-guBmXNz9NVK8iuRnuQ4hafg0ThoP0ZYAtFFsc8haw5EIiIu5htgqwQ30DrZQUN8q8ZrEgMm9s6XTl6wYIavyd2ocIcFs0V7GEz21fk-1BGwt7sRiTc/s320/BARNETT%20MONTAGE.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Montage of Wilfred Grant Gleeson Barnett: Liz Chater<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Whilst researching the story of Catherine and Wilfred
Barnett, I wondered why it had all ended so abruptly. Did the real Mrs. Barnett
appear? Did either of them get a conscience? Was there a natural drifting
apart? Who knows, but it may have had something to do with the life-changing
event suffered by Wilfred in January 1931.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And this is where the wily Wilfred had blurred the lines of
identification. But for a terrible accident, he probably would have continued
with the deception. W.G. Barnett was riding at the races in Bombay on Saturday
30<sup>th</sup> January 1931. His mount was <i>Shipshape</i>, one of three
horses owned by the Maharajah of Rajpipla.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was the principal race of the day <i>The Cheveley Handicap</i> and
he’d been riding well until he fell off the horse, having been crushed between
the animal and a fence. He suffered a broken foot, broken ribs and internal
injuries. There were many discussions amongst the doctors at St. George’s
Hospital, Bombay and it was concluded that Barnett’s foot had been so badly
crushed they found it necessary to amputate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>it. The operation was undertaken by Major Gilroy, Resident Surgeon, IMS.
This may have been the pivot point on which Catherine decided to quietly change
the direction of her life, she may have even chosen to do so without the
knowledge of her family. In October 1932, Catherine married Reginald Ludwig in
Moradabad, north-east of Delhi, and a long way from Bombay, but she married in
the name of Barnett.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">But what of Wilfred Barnett? Preferring to be known as the
son of George Barnett and Maud née <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Braid,
he was actually the illegitimate son of Maud Braid and a sheep shearer of
Coonabarabran named James Gleeson. Wilfred Grant Gleeson was born in
Coonabarabran 28 November 1887.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gleeson
had deserted Maud when Wilfred was barely a few months old.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maud had pursued him through the local courts
to be brought to account and contribute towards Wilfred’s welfare.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eventually, the law caught up with him, but
he didn’t hang around for long, and Maud found herself having to look after
Wilfred on her own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1895 she had met George
Barnett, he subsequently proposed, and they developed into a family unit.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Wilfred had started his racing career in Sydney on the pony
circuit as early as 1905. His early impetuousness in the saddle earned him some
disqualifications. In one instance he pushed so hard, it was claimed he
interfered with (or obstructed) another pony and rider, and found himself off
the course with a 3 month ban.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With his speed
and focus he learnt how to control and strategize in races, but continued to
take risks and therefore run the gauntlet of after-race enquiries and their
consequences. His style and aggressive drive caught the attention of
similar-minded trainers, and he was given chances that he jumped at.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
giving an interview to a racing reporter, he claimed his parents moved to
Sydney when he was about 5 or 6 and they wanted him to become an engineer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The harsher reality was that Maud had been
deserted by his father, and George stepped in to the role of father-figure. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Wilfred quickly became a well-known and popular rider in
Australia, firstly as a pony rider and then as a licensed jockey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For reasons only known to himself, he changed
the name he rode under. Firstly, it was Wilfred Barnett, then it became W.H.
Barnett, this morphed into Wilfred Henry Barnett, and then he also used William
Henry Barnett. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1915 he rode “<i>St.
Carwyne” </i>to victory in the Metropolitan Cup in Randwick, it obviously was a
very important win for him. Not only did it underline his reputation as a
successful jockey, the sweet success of it was such that he named his house in
Sydney after the horse. There are a number of references to Barnett living at
“St. Carwyne, Addison St.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was this period between 1915 and 1916 where
he really made his mark, and he became a jockey that got results.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Before Wilfred was able to consider going<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>abroad, he needed to prove his name, date and
place of birth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Being an illegitimate
child, this was not something he could easily do. However, in readiness for him
to travel <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>with his burgeoning career to
Asia and Europe beckoning, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>he had his
mother sign a ‘declaration of adoption’ at the NSW Registrar Generals’ Office
in August 1916. Her address was “St. Carwyne, Meek Street”. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It stated that Wilfred Grant Gleeson had been
adopted by George Barnett on 8<sup>th</sup> November 1895, the same date that
George had married Maud née <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Braid.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was the document that would be the
passport to Wilfred’s future, it represented world-wide freedom.<a href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Although he had established himself as a good, intelligent
rider, his style was always on the edge of legal. In September 1916 he was
pulled up rather abruptly when an inquiry found him guilty of “dishonest
practice” and was disqualified from racing in Australia for a year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His appeal against the decision was dismissed
very swiftly. It could be said that Wilfred’s career in India was as a
consequence of that ban. Once he was allowed to ride again, he returned to the
saddle and followed up with owners and trainers who were prepared to pay for
his skills. The turning point for Barnett to go to India was on the eve of the
Metropolitan Stakes in October 1918.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
had a number of very successful races in his back pocket with <i>‘Kennaquhair’,</i>
a horse that had catapulted him into the forefront of every punter’s mind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This horse, that jockey, were a formidable
team.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Barnett was scheduled to ride <i>Kennaquhair</i>
in the Metropolitan, but the night before the race, he was asked to stand down
in favour of another jockey called McLachlan. Wilfred was furious, and it was
this incident that made his mind up to leave Australia and go to India.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Meanwhile, his widowed mother who was a forever hopeful, but
actually unlucky in love, woman, was subject to some conniving deceit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She had met a man called Milleram in February
1918 and they became friends.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
reported that in August that year he stole £200 from her and later in December
1918 he further stole £45 and a diamond ring that belonged to her son Wilfred
that she was looking after while he was in India.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In January 1919 Milleram then proposed
marriage to Maud, but not before he had almost wrung her dry of her savings.
She bravely took him to court, he tried to imply she had given him various
gifts of money, he steadfastly protested his innocence, but after the damning
evidence given by Maud, the judge and the jury didn’t buy the story and Milleram
changed his plea to guilty.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">By now Wilfred had become a very successful jockey in India,
and, as the stars were in decline for his mother, his were most definitely on
the rise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His life was dictated by the
race seasons in India, England and Australia. He was a regular jockey on the
circuits in Bombay, Poona and Calcutta, and continued to catch the attention of
eager owners and trainers willing to pay handsomely for his skills.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How he met Catherine Michael is unclear, but
she had independently made a name for herself as a seemstress and entertainer
in Poona, where the <i>Pompadour</i> brand was born.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With the spoils of her fashion success, she
was often spotted at the races, and enjoyed several winners over the years. She
was smart, quick-witted and intelligent, he was dashing, confident and a
consummate performer. She couldn’t possibly have known he was married with a
wife and child back in Sydney. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 312.75pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Wilfred Barnett had married Olivette Walsh on 24<sup>th</sup>
February 1910 in Sydney<a href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>,
she was 4 months pregnant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their first
son Wilfred William Matthews Gleeson Barnett had been born on 17<sup>th</sup>
July 1910<a href="#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>,
he survived only 11 months and died on the 6<sup>th</sup> July 1911. Their next
child, a girl, was born on 10<sup>th</sup> November 1911.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Willerina Eileen Barnett married at 16 years
of age to Maurice Tosh, and was dead at 17 ½. In May 1929, they had an infant
son, Eric Tosh, but Willerina’s mother Olivette adopted him and he took the
name Barnett. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Wilfred happened to be in Australia at this time of
Willerina’s death, he had left Bombay in April 1929 as the Indian race season
had closed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had been the most
successful jockey that year with 23 wins and 28 seconds having ridden 141
mounts. It was also a most profitable season for him, as he had chosen to ride
freelance rather than be retained by any owner or trainer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is unlikely to have been a coincidence
that Catherine had also left Bombay in March 1929 and headed to Europe on a
fashion buying mission.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She returned to
India by July and, with great fanfare, announced the opening of her new
Pompadour store in Poona that month. In August 1929 Catherine, as Pompadour
announced she was putting some of her gowns and hats on show at Greens Hotel
Bombay for 2 days, and invited her customers to view her collection, thus
expanding her customer base. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her return
to India coincided with Wilfred’s return to India, and just a month after
Willerina’s funeral <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wilfred quickly left
Sydney and returned to Bombay. He left grieving Olivette and their youngest
child behind.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Wilfred and Olivette’s last child was called Eric Gleeson
Barnett, born 6<sup>th</sup> September 1914. Eric was encouraged to ride,
secured riding apprenticeships in Sydney, he had a mixed beginning; on one
occasion suffering a nasty fall. Although by the late 1920’s Wilfred and
Catherine were tripping the light fandango together in India, Wilfred’s wife
and family continued to live in Sydney; out of sight, out of mind. Wilfred was
earning well, living life to the full with a beautiful, vibrant young woman as
a companion. In October 1929 he had regained rhythm to his life and took up
riding in Meerut for His Highness the Maharaja of Kashmir and the Northmore
Stable. As the horseracing seasons moved from city to city in India, so too did
Catherine with her Pompadour fashion house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In July 1930, the racing season at Mussoorie had finished and she and
Wilfred moved to Poona for the coming races.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Catherine capitalised on it and opened up her Poona shop in Elphinstone
Road in time for the ladies who attended the races.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her gowns and hats for this season had been
purchased on her behalf by her sister Barbara from the fashion houses of Paris,
and shipped out to her.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Catherine, of
course knew that Barbara was in-tune with her own ideas and expectation of
style, and had no hesitation in relying upon her to get the very best outfits
for the Pompadour brand in India. In October 1930 Catherine, as Mrs. Barnett,
was the chief organiser for the Poona Race Ball. She arranged a cabaret show,
promised it to be “full of pep from start to finish”. Catherine was also the
chief dancer in the cabaret and chose seven specially selected girls from Poona
to make up the “Follies”.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Then that fateful day in January 1931 happened, and
Wilfred’s life, as he knew it, changed forever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Catherine stuck around for just over a year, but in October 1932 she
married Reginald Ludwig, a gifted musician. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Wilfred’s forced retirement from racing in India wasn’t the
end of his association with the sport. Although he never regained the enviable
success he had as a jockey, he stayed true to his passion, and obtained a
trainer’s licence just a year after his accident.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In March 1932 he obtained a position as
trainer to Lt. Col. Zorowar Singh in Bombay.<a href="#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He had returned to Sydney permanently by the time his mother
Maud passed away in 1946 at their shared home St. Carwyne in Meek Street, the
house being her possession.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although
Wilfred registered the death and arranged for the cremation the day after her passing,
it would seem that it may not have been an easy relationship between them. Her Will
reveals she left all her possessions to a local estate agent, William Holland, rather
than her son. Holland was also sole executor, and Wilfred was not mentioned at
all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After all the years Maud and
Wilfred had stuck together, his home was now someone else’s. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wilfred and Olivette had gone their separate
ways years ago, but they still lived in close proximity to each other in
Randwick, Australia. Olivette passed away in 1950 at the Prince Henry Hospital,
New South Wales.<a href="#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>
Wilfred died aged 75 on the 13 July 1963 at the Lidcombe State Hospital and
home, he was cremated on 16<sup>th</sup> July 1963 at Rookwood Cemetery. His
son Eric Barnett was informant.<a href="#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<h1>Barbara Michael – Later Crosby</h1>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br />
It was Barbara whom Catherine had visited whilst on a trip to England with Wilfred
Barnett. While he was riding at various horserace meetings around the country,
Catherine spent time with her equally unconventional sister.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Barbara loved to dance. It was her passion, her life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As early as 1921, she set herself up to teach
dance in Bombay.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6x3-DoOQXrB189CO1upzHxKDaAjahzkd7RzT0J-e2kW-kSLWcrxMfEMYK7LXsyMycJZuiirvKgbdfXzkIqFUfHB9Hsaet_WSq9Dz6awAqIJ9NqEzmlCIg45T3eeuqs0404X5BUti6BlXUfKF6ykU9jmZskbmF9IoMv83JMhYdIwLGzcOTIfcOqzvf-Xw/s1377/miss%20b%20crosby-michael%20teaching%20dance%201921.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="558" data-original-width="1377" height="130" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6x3-DoOQXrB189CO1upzHxKDaAjahzkd7RzT0J-e2kW-kSLWcrxMfEMYK7LXsyMycJZuiirvKgbdfXzkIqFUfHB9Hsaet_WSq9Dz6awAqIJ9NqEzmlCIg45T3eeuqs0404X5BUti6BlXUfKF6ykU9jmZskbmF9IoMv83JMhYdIwLGzcOTIfcOqzvf-Xw/s320/miss%20b%20crosby-michael%20teaching%20dance%201921.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Known then as Miss B. Crosby-Michael, her business later
became known as “Michael’s Modern Dance Academy”.She was just 22 when she first
left Bombay for England, travelling with her mother, they stayed in
London.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not long after arriving, she
found herself as a dance teacher to members of the Spanish royal family. During
her time in Malaga she taught her Majesty, the Queen of Spain and her children,
the Prince of Asturias, and the infantas Beatrice and Maria Cristina how to
Charleston<a href="#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a>.
In August 1927 Barbara took the bold step of changing her name by deed poll but
didn’t formalise her application with the Courts until May 1929. She renounced
the surname MICHAEL and would be forever known as Barbara Crosby<a href="#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a>.
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In March 1930 Barbara could be found pioneering what we know
today as the very popular American theme “Dancing with the Stars” or the UK
version “Strictly Come Dancing”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She and
her dancing partner, twice “Star” professional champion, Sidney Stern reached
the finals of the “Star” All-England Dancing Championships at the Royal Albert
Hall. The competition was fierce, the talent of everyone competing
extraordinary. Barbara and Sidney elected to dance a new tango “The Coqueta”
something that Barbara was actively trying to popularise in London.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxQkkgvBFZxDiTimdgOL07c-IvUbhdeUE1ASyrc6KFyPBPxdVGhJqV7WrKj54QjKYXeBaF3wqkBwq6UhX5tSFx8mz75b3DWAK7ZK14N0MYb3kXN8Oc5JLnchgW6TzfVJaTlHTRuiXpNhhSFBReKJvDdUYGg-664iii5gXnOMpl2HQlG7JxH6T26obWHiA/s2062/1930%20march%2026%20Barbara%20Crosby%20rehearsing%20the%20Coqueta%20PORTRAIT%20London_Daily_Chronicle%20ONLY.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2062" data-original-width="723" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxQkkgvBFZxDiTimdgOL07c-IvUbhdeUE1ASyrc6KFyPBPxdVGhJqV7WrKj54QjKYXeBaF3wqkBwq6UhX5tSFx8mz75b3DWAK7ZK14N0MYb3kXN8Oc5JLnchgW6TzfVJaTlHTRuiXpNhhSFBReKJvDdUYGg-664iii5gXnOMpl2HQlG7JxH6T26obWHiA/s320/1930%20march%2026%20Barbara%20Crosby%20rehearsing%20the%20Coqueta%20PORTRAIT%20London_Daily_Chronicle%20ONLY.jpg" width="112" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Barbara Michael, who changed her name to Barbara Crosby<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal">As a dance hostess in the West End, she had already
introduced it as part of her routine in her club the <i>Café de Paris</i>, and
the audiences loved it. As a cabaret performer, she moved in the same orbit as
the likes of Leslie A. Hutchinson “Hutch”, Merle Oberon and Noel Coward.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8Om7eJtBl5JenFbaC99Dw0DohDq9A2AjwgXx6-SfHlf9Dfoe-pWHt-ws2lzVVvqu67XpO7tp6p1xU5U33QSwO-OmjyI0JEhflEGf_m4Mu1z8a-Uvkt4xScy9lOtg_2tKcC4jUuiy4JnNX7nyln0jEDKcvZiS01qKKbBZlPaF5rNZuLD2yG4UeOI7-III/s1489/pearl%20necklace%20montage.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1489" data-original-width="1275" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8Om7eJtBl5JenFbaC99Dw0DohDq9A2AjwgXx6-SfHlf9Dfoe-pWHt-ws2lzVVvqu67XpO7tp6p1xU5U33QSwO-OmjyI0JEhflEGf_m4Mu1z8a-Uvkt4xScy9lOtg_2tKcC4jUuiy4JnNX7nyln0jEDKcvZiS01qKKbBZlPaF5rNZuLD2yG4UeOI7-III/s320/pearl%20necklace%20montage.jpg" width="274" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The fashion of pearls worn backwards, beautifully executed by Barbara Crosby and Diana, Princess of Wales.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Barbara took fashion very seriously, here in 1930 she paired
a beautiful long gown with a chic pearl necklace draped down her back,
something the late Princess of Wales also featured in 1985. Both wore their
outfits with striking effect.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Barbara’s life was incredibly fast-paced. In July 1930, she
found herself delightfully enveloped in an all-consuming whirl-wind romance
with an up-and-coming, charismatic actor named Frank Fox.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They married secretly at the Registry Office,
Marylebone, London. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Barbara gave an
interview to the newspapers after they returned from honeymoon in Paris:<br />
<br />
“It was revealed on Friday that Miss Barbara Crosby, the dance hostess of the
Café de Paris and the daughter of the late Mr. Charles John Michael, secretary
of the Bombay Chamber of Commerce, was married at Marylebone Register Office
last week to Mr. Frank Skinley Fox, an actor, well known both in the West End
and in Australia, from which country he has recently returned after touring “In
This Year of Grace” with Maisie Gay.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-6TGUTXMi2HLqjE2OOrVD6sVOjv8loylttYdZvva2dLE3DexCEcGqOK4bvYvaezChNSrjFSUBhM1A_pz7V93wraJ7bPP2p-goHYxHN3Yq_ohHJNT_WVszD2sMhZM1PuhgHyc3h6LHejBAlqSoSa1DnwrDOJZiNnCNxTam3nOo6QwKsq1M17n3psdYn8k/s468/1930%20august%209%20Barbara%20crosby%20+%20frank%20fox%20married%20Belfast%20Telegraph%20HEADLINE.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="468" height="123" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-6TGUTXMi2HLqjE2OOrVD6sVOjv8loylttYdZvva2dLE3DexCEcGqOK4bvYvaezChNSrjFSUBhM1A_pz7V93wraJ7bPP2p-goHYxHN3Yq_ohHJNT_WVszD2sMhZM1PuhgHyc3h6LHejBAlqSoSa1DnwrDOJZiNnCNxTam3nOo6QwKsq1M17n3psdYn8k/s320/1930%20august%209%20Barbara%20crosby%20+%20frank%20fox%20married%20Belfast%20Telegraph%20HEADLINE.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium; mso-border-insideh: none; mso-border-insidev: none; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.65pt;" valign="top" width="357">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">“
Miss Crosby, who is one of the most notable of the West End dance hostesses,
taught dancing in India and in the South of France before coming to London,
and she numbered the Queen of Spain among her pupils when teaching the
foxtrot in Spain.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">“It
was a case of love at first sight,” said Miss Crosby. Her husband saw her
dancing one night and then he came every night for six weeks. Through a
mutual friend he obtained an introduction to her.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Within a fortnight of knowing each other
they had decided to get married and the wedding was solemnised by special
licence.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">“We
had to keep the matter secret for a time for family reasons but now there is
no reason why it should not be known.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We have just returned from a honeymoon in Paris. My husband is a real
‘he man’, I may say.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He swims, plays
rugger, tennis and all the other sports.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He is a great swimmer, and when in Melbourne last year, narrowly
escaped being eaten by a shark….” “</span> <span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">– <i>Belfast Telegraph 9 August 1930.</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE_RDrObEtuD4WaiCYqMO2ePrwFrEFEBsCkmTJUMqJzNQloGyq0t9H9Pm0KJ_kENOTic163xKmIU78gmU9dCfwzYdeV6KdlYeRloxmIAcin6FKvKLotJEDl1Du-ESUvOkRog23WfbJ5gR38VSp56JO2bMUoir2d28i2oUlRJ6_DlK5-e9wirVInDALObo/s1710/1930%20august%2013%20barbara%20crosby%20+%20new%20husband%20Frank%20Shirsley%20fox%20flying%20to%20paris%20on%20honeymoon-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1566" data-original-width="1710" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE_RDrObEtuD4WaiCYqMO2ePrwFrEFEBsCkmTJUMqJzNQloGyq0t9H9Pm0KJ_kENOTic163xKmIU78gmU9dCfwzYdeV6KdlYeRloxmIAcin6FKvKLotJEDl1Du-ESUvOkRog23WfbJ5gR38VSp56JO2bMUoir2d28i2oUlRJ6_DlK5-e9wirVInDALObo/s320/1930%20august%2013%20barbara%20crosby%20+%20new%20husband%20Frank%20Shirsley%20fox%20flying%20to%20paris%20on%20honeymoon-a.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Barbara and Frank departing for their honeymoon in Paris</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Barbara and Frank went to India in December 1930 to visit her
family, and as you will see below the trip would be a significant turning point
for Frank. Barbara would have used the trip to France as an opportunity to
purchase the latest fashions, both for herself as well as her sister Catherine
back in India.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Pompadour brand and
stock stayed fresh because of the regular European purchasing trips Catherine
and Barbara made.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I think today people don’t realise how influential Catherine and
Barbara were in the fashion and beauty industry in Bombay in the 1930’s and
40’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These two Armenian sisters had
talents they were able to exploit for themselves. Their individuality saturated
Bombay society, it was their charismatic charm that helped to elevate their
clients’ confidence. Ladies were able to present themselves on the local social
scene with poise and self-confidence. Barbara’s experience on the London club
scene allowed her to pass on trends to Catherine in Bombay months before they
became popular en-masse. The sisters were also very good at writing ads for the
classified columns in newspapers; rarely using the same terminology, always an
exciting vibe to it. Much like today’s social media posts on various platforms,
they knew how to excite and intrigue in the classified ads. They understood the
value of the press, each often featured in ‘newslet’ pieces, thus keeping their
names constantly in the minds of the ladies chasing the very latest in couture
or social standing. Their premises were side-by-side in the Taj Hotel, Bombay, mirroring
their love and sibling affection for each other. Not only was there a family
synergy to them, their combined knowledge of the fashion, beauty and health
industry made them an Armenian tour-de-force. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<h1>Frank Fox</h1>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPrTHF7S9M16qdNJCwtRfoZSq_IUhWDIyoBCFE7f-heQoOTBntLyHAso1wsJH9lCtXHcF410nGSn-HAUjH5NG1SkaMce4m8SSOVCoNMsOendN0C_HfLu1xTolbewv_nrZNVqyke_KpNq4CBCij0pT09-f5gFjrPuu2rAlXqGjzO90_if7Pgh9gsO9BfW4/s1650/frank%20fox%20via%20imbd%20website%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1650" data-original-width="1060" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPrTHF7S9M16qdNJCwtRfoZSq_IUhWDIyoBCFE7f-heQoOTBntLyHAso1wsJH9lCtXHcF410nGSn-HAUjH5NG1SkaMce4m8SSOVCoNMsOendN0C_HfLu1xTolbewv_nrZNVqyke_KpNq4CBCij0pT09-f5gFjrPuu2rAlXqGjzO90_if7Pgh9gsO9BfW4/s320/frank%20fox%20via%20imbd%20website%20(2).jpg" width="206" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The dashing Frank Fox whose relentless pursuit of Barbara
eventually paid off, they married within 2 months of meeting each other. Image:
IMBD website.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Born Frank Fox, 29<sup>th</sup> September 1907 in King’s
Norton to Frank Fox a carpenter cum journeyman and Beatrice his wife, née <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Skinley. Frank Fox senior was also drawn to
the stage and became a well known performer and comedian in his own right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His son Frank, wanting to stand out from the
crowd, made his name more memorable and skilfully became known as Frank Hugh
Skinley Fox, Hugh being a nod to his maternal grandfather Hugh Skinley. As he
became more recognised and well known, his name occasionally was reported as
Frank Henry Shirley Fox and as someone who liked to keep the press and public
on their toes, he made no effort to correct this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Consequently, Frank Henry Shirley Fox was
often written instead of Frank Hugh Skinley Fox.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The marriage didn’t last. Barbara filed for divorce. In May
1937 she was granted a decree nisi on the grounds of his adultery at a hotel in
Charing Cross in March 1935. The suit was undefended. Barbara stated that in
December 1932 Frank had obtained a post as aide-de-camp<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to a Maharajah in India, and, later, she
found love letters from another woman addressed to him. Those with enquiring
minds will no doubt be wondering how Frank ended up in India.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He claimed he had been returning to England
after a two year stint in Australia. Visiting a school friend in India, he said
he would like to see the country. His friend was secretary to a Maharajah and
Frank thought that was the sort of job he would like.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The friend advised him that the Maharajah was
advertising for a Controller of Palaces. Frank met the Maharajah at dinner and
was given the job.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had absolutely no
idea what a Controller of Palaces was and when he went to take up the job, he
found he had to control 2,000 natives working in the gardens of the Maharajah’s
five palaces. He was also in charge of purchasing furnishings for the palace
and bungalows. He really must have felt he had fallen on his feet. He openly
agreed it was a grand life with a car and 12 servants of his own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He learnt to speak Hindustani and fell into life as a
trusted member of the household. He discovered that tiger shooting was the
biggest sport and the English men on the Maharajah’s staff went out on foot
after them. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On one of his first hunting
trips Frank, wearing riding breeches and long boots, sat under a tree in the
heat of the day. Suddenly he began to itch and jumping up found that he was
sitting on an Indian ant hill. Whilst he and his servant were busy vigorously
trying to get the ants off him, the long grass ahead started to suddenly move,
fearing for their lives, that a tiger was about to pounce, Frank reached for
his gun, to find a peacock had strutted out towards them. Returning to
de-anting, it wasn’t long before they were startled by a black panther who had
leapt from a tree and landed between him and his servant. The panther got away;
that was one shot he didn’t get the chance to take, much to the amusement of
the Maharajah’s staff. Part of Frank’s duties was to come to Europe and
interview statesmen and arrange meetings for the Maharajah. In this way he met
Mr. J.H. Thomas, Mussolini and the King of Italy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Maharajah always disembarked in Italy and
travelled with his suite in the Italian state train.<a href="#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Frank continued to be a successful actor with a number of
appearances in the West End. In 1938 he made his screen debut as the leading
man in “Double or Quits”, a Warner First National Film at Teddington.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In May 1948 Frank married for a second time at Ealing
Registry Office to Jasmine Lydia Bligh, a well- known and very popular
television announcer on the BBC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Interestingly, the marriage record gives more details than normal: <i>“Frank
Fox the divorced husband of Barbara Fox formerly Crosby a spinster, ACTOR, and
Jasmine Fox (name changed by deed poll formerly Bligh) the divorced wife of
John Paley Johnson.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This marriage
also ended in divorce, Jasmine filing in October 1953 on the grounds of her
husband’s cruelty. This one was also not contested. Jasmine was not completely
the innocent party, but the judge in the case chose to “exercise the court’s
discretion in respect of Mrs. Fox’s own admitted misconduct.”<a href="#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Meanwhile by June 1938, Barbara became a proprietress and
had taken on the London club “<i>Slippin”</i> on Regent Street. She tarnished
her good reputation somewhat at this place, when the club<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was raided by the police for selling alcohol
without a licence. She and Myrtle Allman, who styled herself as “agent for the
customers”, an imaginative way of saying ”barmaid” were fined, Frederick
Sergison, a wine waiter at the club was bound over for aiding and abetting.<a href="#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a>
It may well have been this incident, that made Barbara return to India. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">By January 1939 Barbara was back in Bombay and opened up a
beauty parlour at her sister’s shop <i>Pompadour</i>. Acclaimed to be <i>“under
the personal supervision of Miss Barbara Crosby of London”</i>, it introduced
Bombay memsahibs to a new type of hair stylist, beauty culturist and a variety
of beauty preparations direct from London and New York.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Leaving the day-to-day running of the beauty salon in the
capable hands of her European staff, by the middle of 1939 Barbara returned to
her first love and had set herself up as <i>“Crosby School of Dancing”.</i> She
now had a dance partner, Monsieur Orloff a celebrated and successful European
ballroom dancer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Together, they offered
dance classes, specialising in the Tango, Viennese Waltz and the Cuban Rumba,
and the school was right next door to her sister’s shop, <i>Pompadour</i>,
which was growing from strength to strength.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Barbara quickly found her stride, and regularly organised dances and
cabarets at the Taj Hotel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At Christmas
time Barbara would arrange and sponsor dance contests for the public to enjoy,
offering generous prizes, but she also used these opportunities to give
demonstrations of the rumba, waltz and fox trot with Monsieur Orloff. This kind
of soft marketing gained her many new clients all desiring to be able to dance
these moves with the smoothness, style and aplomb exhibited. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Catherine and Barbara had a complete marketing
package between them; teaching ladies (and gents) how to dance, guiding them on
what to wear, advising them how to look their very best and also stay slim and
fit with their own development slimming club. This latter programme was
extended to men too; there was no reason why anyone should venture to any other
type of premises for these services.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
sisters were taking Bombay by storm, creating a solid reputation in this new,
burgeoning industry.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Barbara, forever the consummate professional, never missed
an opportunity to promote herself, and when there was a fund-raiser being held
in aid of the Red Cross in Bombay in June 1940, she stoically performed, even
though she almost had to cancel because of flu. Without missing a beat she
turned this to her advantage; not only supporting the Red Cross by performing,
she ended up with a ¼ page picture article jointly promoting not only her
support for the charity but the flu product that averted her potential no-show.
It was a genius piece of marketing by Barbara.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Barbara continued to live in Bombay all through the 1940’s,
regularly holding dance classes as well as undertaking exhibition performances
with her partner Monsieur Orloff.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After
the death of her mother Annie in June 1948, Barbara’s presence in India
disappeared. Barbara features a number of times in <i>Charlotte Breese’s</i>
book “<i>Hutch: The True Story of our Biggest Cabaret Star”</i> which refers to
Barbara’s time at the <i>Café de Paris</i> as Hostess in charge of a number of
young ladies who over saw their every movement.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Barbara passed away on the 28<sup>th</sup> April 1967 at her
flat in Queen’s Gardens, Paddington, London, she was 65. The informant at death
was Leonard A. Wareham. Her certificate states she was a retired sales
assistant at a department store. Cause of death was right heart failure and
chronic bronchitis.<a href="#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a>
She was cremated on 3<sup>rd</sup> May at Kensal Green, arranged by Leonard
Wareham, her executor.<a href="#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a>
There was no newspaper notice placed in the UK, but her sister, Catherne
Courtney remembered her in the Times of India for the next couple of years.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">For one so lively, vibrant and gay throughout her life, her
demise appears to have been alone. Her ashes were placed on temporary deposit
at Kensal Green Crematorium, which does make me speculate if her final journey
was back to India where her remaining family were. Perhaps in the fullness of
time, her extended family of nephews and nieces will read this blog and contact
me to fill in the blanks, something that often happens after I have published a
story.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Catherine Courtney remained in India, and continued to build
her fashion business, earning respect and recognition as the years went
by.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She also continued to make regular
buying trips to Europe and America, her forensic fashion eye choosing what was
going to be a future trend in Bombay.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As
her marriage to Frank Courtney matured, they both developed into reliable,
strong pillars of Bombay. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Catherine had some particularly exciting fun moments. In the
1950s Catherine participated in the first international fashion design and
beauty contest ever held. It was organised in connection with the global
premiere of “Helen of Troy”, by Warner Brothers’ New York. As <i>Madame Pompadour,</i>
she entered three different designs, one of which came third, but it was the
buzz of her being from India that set the gossip columns tongues wagging. New
York adored the beautiful <i>Pompadour</i>, she represented mystery and Indian
glamour not regularly seen, she was both alluring with her stories and exciting
with her use of Indian fabrics.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In 1975 Catherine’s husband, William Francis Courtney was
appointed American Consul-General in Bombay, and together they worked hard at
expanding co-operation, investment and cultural exchanges between the US and
India. During the 1970’s and 1980’s Catherine can be found combining her
official role as the Consul-General’s wife with her fashion business, and often
sought after as a compere for fashion and charity events held at the Taj Hotel.
In June 1980 William Courtney was honoured with an O.B.E., for services to the
British community in Bombay.<a href="#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Away from their joint Consul-General duties and fashion work
Catherine and William enjoyed sailing, and in 1983 he won the Customs Cup with
his keel boat “<i>Mesrope”. </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Between
them, they were often presenters of winning trophies to excited recipients or
receivers of them, and their presence on the sailing scene of Bombay was always
keenly felt.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">One of the last joint events Catherine and Frank attended
together was a Remembrance Day memorial day service held at Malabar Hills in
November 1999. Frank read the lesson, Catherine, then in her 90’s, sold
poppies. A year later, on the 22<sup>nd</sup> November 2000, Catherine passed
away in Mumbai and was buried in the Sewri Cemetery the next day. Frank died 27
January 2008 in Bombay. A well-loved, respected and formidable couple placed
gently into the history books.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">These two ladies, through their family connections to the
Joseph’s of Bombay, are distinguished not only by their remarkable lifetime
achievements but by their unique, and up until now, lost family connection to
the distant Dahbashian family. This discovery of a name change to these well-known
Armenian family names of Bombay will, I hope, go some way to break down
genealogy brick walls for those searching for their elusive Armenian
families.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are of course, other
siblings to Catherine and Barbara, I have not included them in this particular
blog story as my focus was solely on the lifelong connections between the two
sisters.</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">Catherine and Barbara, the two razzle-dazzle Armenian sisters from Bombay, enjoyed every moment of their creative lives, living life to the full, putting their mark on a long Dahbashian family line. <br /></p>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">©</span> Liz Chater, Chater Genealogy 2024 <br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks to:<br />Rafael Abramyan<br />Karen Mkrtchyan<br />Beryl Makhzangi<br /></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> BL
n3-95-17 baptism return</p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenian Church Bombay Marriage Register</p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> BL
n3-68-332 marriage return</p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
N1-545-311 marriage record</p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenian Church Bombay Marriage Register</p>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
Birth/Adoption record NSW archive</p>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>
Marriage Certificate, NSW Archives</p>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
Birth Certificate, NSW Archives</p>
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<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>
The Civil & Military Gazette 1932</p>
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<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>
Australian Cemetery Index</p>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>
Death certificate</p>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a>
The Bystander 5<sup>th</sup> March 1930</p>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a>
London Gazette 8<sup>th</sup> May 1929</p>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a>
Extracted from the Kensington News and West London Times</p>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a>
The Evening Standard 23 October 1953</p>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a>
Daily Telegraph & Morning Post June 1938</p>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a>
Death certificate</p>
</div>
<div id="ftn18" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a>
Cremation/burial record</p>
</div>
<div id="ftn19" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a>
London Gazette 14 June 1980</p>
</div>
</div>
Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-22278312894410889362023-07-05T20:51:00.002+01:002023-07-05T21:02:28.954+01:00Fun Fact – Apcar & Co<p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEDDdbqjnpedbMxJYPvLJDyOlboVCLH9xVvavqw2hNdqITpDRoJl1G12jGXjE1-x8NSV0hnEgTJ9XaUsWdio88LxMgi3Tb1x1LJK6gkfXMz05sODCbZHFdvlNjFGoq-54QbTjte8rjybjH0MWra43z6F_IXM2sfIl9swry3NFAyU8BZX4jml10QlRu4e4/s324/apcar%20flag.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="216" data-original-width="324" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEDDdbqjnpedbMxJYPvLJDyOlboVCLH9xVvavqw2hNdqITpDRoJl1G12jGXjE1-x8NSV0hnEgTJ9XaUsWdio88LxMgi3Tb1x1LJK6gkfXMz05sODCbZHFdvlNjFGoq-54QbTjte8rjybjH0MWra43z6F_IXM2sfIl9swry3NFAyU8BZX4jml10QlRu4e4/s320/apcar%20flag.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"> <i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Apcar
& Co flag</span></i><a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Apcar &
Co., famous for their ships and coal concerns, weren’t very imaginative when it
came to naming their vessels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Several
names were duplicated, one of which was ‘Catherine’. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There were
three vessels named <i>‘Catherine Apcar’</i>. The name, of course, is a nod of
affection to A.G. Apcar’s wife, Catherine nee Thomas, whom he married in Bombay
in 1813.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1<sup>st</sup>.
Catherine Apcar </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeVVhMFzHIq_Qvs-baxKrMguK0SBEKg_Jhs91obx_uhTavQ0okG_Vu45xGsrFo-tak9JC3H-RJ3JU0RnTeYzkosz1VgqIIa2TA98Cd4TKDkkrIlZiBji6ftM09nzJ3Gq-IoLEKYFDS3sxjWohrW2vkDw4MYjXJNq7s1-UcOdpYoaRiP9154Y984Duwp8Y/s640/1849%20march%203%20Apcar%20+%20Co%20Catherine%20Apcar%20vessel%20manifest-001.dmsp-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="640" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeVVhMFzHIq_Qvs-baxKrMguK0SBEKg_Jhs91obx_uhTavQ0okG_Vu45xGsrFo-tak9JC3H-RJ3JU0RnTeYzkosz1VgqIIa2TA98Cd4TKDkkrIlZiBji6ftM09nzJ3Gq-IoLEKYFDS3sxjWohrW2vkDw4MYjXJNq7s1-UcOdpYoaRiP9154Y984Duwp8Y/w500-h254/1849%20march%203%20Apcar%20+%20Co%20Catherine%20Apcar%20vessel%20manifest-001.dmsp-a.jpg" width="500" /></a></i></div><i><br /></i><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Catherine
Apcar manifest dated 3 March 1849, bags of rice for Mauritius.<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></b></span></span></span></a></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Built by
master ship-builder, Charles Christopher Poney Gueizelar of Cochin and launched
in March 1848. It was 730 tons and made entirely from Malabar Teak to the
highest standard and without much consideration to cost. She carried cargoes
between India, Mauritius, Hong Kong and Canton. However, in January 1861, whilst
sailing from Moulmein to Calcutta and under tow from the steam tug <i>‘Salween’</i>,
she unceremoniously ran aground on a sand bar in the Moulmein River carrying a
cargo of teak.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The vessel was wrecked,
but the cargo was saved. <a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
It had been in service for only 13 years.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pausing
here for a moment, to reflect on the master ship-builder Gueizelar. He was a
favoured craftsman of Persian and Arab merchants, yet little is known of him.
He was an exceptionally highly skilled man, his vessels were nothing short of
works of art.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An undervalued and
overlooked ship-builder, he passed his talents onto his sons, who also became
master marine craftsmen in their own right. One wonders why Aratoon Apcar chose
him to create the <i>‘Catherine’</i>. Perhaps he had already observed the ships
made by Gueizelar sailing between Persia and India and their quality of workmanship
and the strength of the teak used, and saw how they sailed fair in the
conditions. Or maybe he was simply cheaper than the British ship-builders, and
materials used were all local and the process quicker. Whatever the case,
Gueizelar’s name should be more well known than it is; merchants and their
super-cargoes were indebted to his skills.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0HRvsKbUjmCEn4GKL1kFUtYVdWnfxv4H8S2THdTxjbB6TrYaUV77irMioa9fRyZf1l&id=100057063686060">Walton
Walter Robert’s Facebook page helpfully refers to his 2 x great grandfather,
Gueizelar:</a> <br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
<i>“</i></span><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">My great, great grandfather, C.C. Poney Gueizelar, was a captain who
landed in Vypeen and settled there. A Swiss-German, he built a shipyard in
Vypeen and employed local people. He was a benefactor of Our Lady of Hope
Church, Vypeen, and donated land for the cemetery and other land, too. So, he
was bestowed the privilege of being buried near the altar on the right in the
Church. A close friend of the Maharaja, I believe, was Kerala Varma III.
According to the Madras Hurkarrah dated 26 January 1836: A vessel of 500 tons
is being built for a Muscat merchant and 5 smaller ones for the Arabs, whilst a
pretty large one made for the Bhavnagar Raja is now ready for the sea - all
very cheap and durable - a 500-ton costing between 60,000 and 70,000 rupees and
Mr Poney Gueizelar is the chief, if not the only builder."</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Richard Gueizelar,
son of C.C., built Fatteeh Sawad, an 870-ton ship, in 1864. It was decorated
like a bride and a bottle of costly attar (Muslim perfume) was smashed on the
hull. C.C.'s ships took part in the Crimean war for Britain. His shipyard was
where Puncho Paynter resided. C.C. is fondly remembered in K. L. Bernard's
Flashes of Fort Cochin. Vale Poney Gueizelar</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.”<a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[4]</span></b></span></span></span></a></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">With thanks and
full acknowledgement to Walton Walter Raberts for this description</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> 2<sup>nd</sup>.
Catherine Apcar </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Built and
launched in April 1865 at Low Walker, Tyne and Wear, England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was an iron screw steamer made by Messrs.
J. Wigham Richardson and Co, weighing just over 1000 tons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She measured 240 feet in length; her beam was
33 feet and her depth was 18 feet. The engines were made by the Spring Garden
Works and were 160 horse power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was
fitted with a double bottom for water ballast, and two steam cranes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was passenger accommodation which
included baths and jalousie blinds. Her fate was sealed when, in August 1871,
she struck another vessel, just off the coast of Grimsby, and was sunk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reports suggest the cause was her fault. <a href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> 3<sup>rd</sup>.
Catherine Apcar </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNPEsvA9RQd_R-sirWe9rY6F19aMHCCkbifr7i52obnnsww5azV6_5zNV8hWWpWnioDMim_unL-66AtLn0-6O2KLgjw4owMmZzC9sdONNMneZl20YdB1UiqnpIPAxO2hUYiTxLxihPj20pD6vfy46pZpv1Rda3HetUb64lStdMzxBdQ7Ds0IRF0j0-pT8/s1000/S.S._Catherine_Apcar_c._1900.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="693" data-original-width="1000" height="343" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNPEsvA9RQd_R-sirWe9rY6F19aMHCCkbifr7i52obnnsww5azV6_5zNV8hWWpWnioDMim_unL-66AtLn0-6O2KLgjw4owMmZzC9sdONNMneZl20YdB1UiqnpIPAxO2hUYiTxLxihPj20pD6vfy46pZpv1Rda3HetUb64lStdMzxBdQ7Ds0IRF0j0-pT8/w494-h343/S.S._Catherine_Apcar_c._1900.jpg" width="494" /></a></i></div><i><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></i><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3<sup>rd</sup>
vessel named Catherine Apcar circ 1900</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.<a href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Build in
Scotland by Messrs D & W Henderson of meadowside, it was launched on the 26<sup>th</sup>
April 1892 the third generation of <i>Catherine Apcar</i> was a steel screw
steamer weighing in at 2850 tons and cost approximately £54,000 to build.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was sold in 1912 to the British India
Steam Navigation Company Ltd. Two years later, that company was taken over by
the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. The Catherine Apcar
served as an Indian Expeditionary Force transport in WW1. In 1922 she was sold
to Shiroto Kenshiro of Tarumi and renamed to Kumamoto Maru. In 1926 she was
sold again this time to Syarashi Yokichi and was broken up in 1929.<a href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">©</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Liz chater July 2023 <br /></span></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span>
House Flags of Indian Shipping Companies<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Liz Chater’s private archive</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Times of India</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Walton Walter Raberts</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Times of India</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a> http://www.thecanterburyauctiongalleries.com/lot/late-19th-century-school-oil-painting-ship-portrait-ss-catherine-apcar<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">P&O Heritage</span></p>
</div>
</div>
Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-35675926720783106772023-02-20T17:28:00.005+00:002023-02-22T20:09:48.525+00:00Carr Lazarus Phillipps:<h2 style="text-align: left;">His Wife</h2><h2 style="text-align: left;">Her Life</h2><h2 style="text-align: left;">His Journey</h2><h2><!--[if !mso]>
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</xml><![endif]--></h2><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">Elizabeth Burrows, originally from London, was born in 1876
in Notting Hill.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
One of eight children, her mother and father, William and Jessie Burrows, were
both London cab proprietors and drivers (horse and carriage, not motor cars).
Their earnings were meagre, the family lived hand-to-mouth. In 1891 Elizabeth,
aged 15 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and her elder sister Jessie aged
23, were domestic servants in London, Jessie was a cook and Elizabeth a
housemaid. Both worked together in Fairfax Terrace, Putney.<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
<br />
<br />
Elizabeth’s sister, Jessie had married in September 1897<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
to George Washington Rackstraw in Fulham, within a year their first child was
born, they called her Vera Rackstraw.<br />
<br />
Although there had been a number of arguments with her sister Jessie, it wasn’t
long before Elizabeth took the bold step of sailing to India with a view to
improving her financial situation as well as putting some much need space
between her and her sister. Elizabeth also naturally wanted to try and help her
family financially. Perhaps <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>because
she’d heard that there was a <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ratio of
more men than women out there, Elizabeth understood the value of such an
adventure. She went looking for a husband. Not an uncommon thing for some women
to do, this was called <i>the fishing fleet of colonial India.</i> Thousands of
women made the journey, many of them were successful in their mission. <br />
</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1650" data-original-width="1255" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8yBV6pvaMMAVI27rieN3ctFZ85_CIlgnZITZ5NEilTpsde0e7dNKHPyvwY_g5qY8riyxAPeNr0HNsIUZ2dUCnuPM0Hw99Y6k42YBTJYt_Dgyw3SbUwZ_TC1d3P1FTNX9uOtv5q0ToIYkRbQmrKklpny-GvJIadlXT8AJiDsxdu_wQJ8eLz_TdAZEG/w304-h400/cl_phillipps_portrait_large-Colorized.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="304" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image courtesy of Zenon Moucessian<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal">Forty years of age, Carr Lazarus Phillipps walked into the Bristol Hotel in
Calcutta and met a 24 year old barmaid. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<img border="0" data-original-height="478" data-original-width="745" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixRTpBk12GQWKiJ8jH7pNfWW7Ib1V2vW7HVD-l1CFOErY4-f9H9k6VJD-8LDS3jiGfJv5m07sFP8qy4XjESEUsFaBQKKVyf15azV4K97uiJ4iT5mkube_joMWZfN2X6oq-afhMtSBjZzBWwZiEAQg0tKs9SxOe5W6BPQPmEpTtM9OQocfxwUzKAJF9/s320/bristol%20hotel%20calcutta.jpg" width="320" /><br /> </p><p class="MsoNormal">Image: The Bristol Hotel, Calcutta. Wikimedia Commons<a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
Her name was Elizabeth Burrows. He became acquainted with her very quickly and
it was only after knowing her for only 3 or 4 months that he proposed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After their engagement, and to be publicly
seen to be doing the respectable thing, Carr paid for her to be a resident
boarder at the very hotel she had worked as a barmaid, she received an
allowance from him of 85 Rupees a month with board and lodging during her stay
at the Bristol Hotel. She had fished, and hooked a man of potential.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIUxyymTdaykPVK-FSQ-bBKdM0NL0wZh3D1Cu3cgrx5uPK3xsqbA40VIu7wc8lXLfGDChqkipHc7b275GbNfnqsnD8Lw-KNXx5OJeF3UJnMYh6Lae67SpbvFanlT00slDSohI4Wmra1uyEJgnA7M-4w8ecRoZ_yqTCpSb82AJuKb8Z-M_Tglgf9NoF/s3097/carr%20phillips%20elizabeth%20burrows%20wedding.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2360" data-original-width="3097" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIUxyymTdaykPVK-FSQ-bBKdM0NL0wZh3D1Cu3cgrx5uPK3xsqbA40VIu7wc8lXLfGDChqkipHc7b275GbNfnqsnD8Lw-KNXx5OJeF3UJnMYh6Lae67SpbvFanlT00slDSohI4Wmra1uyEJgnA7M-4w8ecRoZ_yqTCpSb82AJuKb8Z-M_Tglgf9NoF/s320/carr%20phillips%20elizabeth%20burrows%20wedding.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHuyWnQhyIMG2ljhAoro0MtW2FL9M3y9RI6dE5SDUqpwwskhMk9VdTchGpXGnDXs-eU0ZYFr2OhWeYNT_iVT5uhlVsDMCXiSlZ8N4sa-KB5HcV-6HUvSZx1KLJlgc9cfEkC9H92H6usXYQABk5MCzI923he7TZJ-0iT4-1quGU7Bo_a9krClgjLiiO/s1650/carr%20phillips%20elizabeth%20burrows%20wedding%20via%20Zenon-01a-Repaired-Enhanced-Colorized-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1650" data-original-width="1151" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHuyWnQhyIMG2ljhAoro0MtW2FL9M3y9RI6dE5SDUqpwwskhMk9VdTchGpXGnDXs-eU0ZYFr2OhWeYNT_iVT5uhlVsDMCXiSlZ8N4sa-KB5HcV-6HUvSZx1KLJlgc9cfEkC9H92H6usXYQABk5MCzI923he7TZJ-0iT4-1quGU7Bo_a9krClgjLiiO/s320/carr%20phillips%20elizabeth%20burrows%20wedding%20via%20Zenon-01a-Repaired-Enhanced-Colorized-a.jpg" width="223" /></a><br />
They were married at the Armenian Church in Calcutta on the 4<sup>th</sup>
September 1900. Their witnesses were J.C. Galstaun (a doyen of Armenians in
Calcutta) and C.M. Carapiet a fellow railway contractor<a href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Following the marriage, Carr and Elizabeth
went to live at Carr’s coal colliery in Kusunda near Dhanbad, about 175 miles
from Calcutta. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She had literally gone
from the pits of London to the pits in India; but her prospects and stars were
very much on the rise. Her transformation into one of societies ladies was
rapid, she quickly became a fashionista, her clothes were made by the finest
dressmakers with some of the best silks available; her custom was sought-after,
she and Carr lived a very comfortable life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He had not been overly well off when they first married, although he was
in a far better position financially than her own family in London. His hard
work in the coalfields meant that his modest living standards in Calcutta were
firmly behind him as the success of his coal business flourished at a rapid
pace. <br />
<br />
Eighteen months after the wedding in Calcutta, Carr and Elizabeth sailed to
England to visit her family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Departing
from Bombay in April 1902, they travelled on board the <i>Victoria</i>. Having
spent 5 months in England, they returned to India in September of that year. Travelling
with them was one of Elizabeth’s sisters, probably Fanny, and also a
maid/servant for Elizabeth.<br />
<br />
They spent four years living at the Kusunda colliery before Carr decided in
1904, he would make the move back to Calcutta and find a home to settle in with
Elizabeth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They settle at 4 Alipore
Lane, and in the meantime, he was not only supporting Elizabeth, he was also
regularly sending money back to London to support her parents and siblings. Had
it not been for his intervention, her family would have had to consider
workhouse options – there may have been no alternative. Carr ensured that did
not happen, and her father, William, no longer had to drive cabs.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, Elizabeth’s sister Jessie and her husband George Rackstraw even
included the name Carr for one of their children. George Carr Lewis Rackstraw
was born in London on 4<sup>th</sup> April 1901<a href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>,
but unfortunately he passed away just a few months later.<br />
<br />
In 1902 Jessie and George had another child called Beryl; in 1904 another
daughter, Bertha came along; in 1906 a third daughter, Margaret Fanny was born
and finally in 1911 a son, George Henry Rackstraw. Jessie and George were
finding it difficult to look after all the children and so it was decided that
Carr and Elizabeth would adopt young Bertha Rackstraw and bring her up in
Calcutta.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPkgsHyMN87pwTcIT29_Raq3kKqyiX8BbMHvpFjHKK1zlWmXEDmfPDaG1zbvxBO4TBRwQCZf47pn2LwoPboOlly0suBGsxD7g4IUWqOscPxkFLgkJXgPvAZ34Hu65SmQYFeqKBDBqTq0c57bcwr1KkIc5rShLl2ZIvR8pnreZWxRXn16DGM335Rdt5/s512/bertha%20rackstraw%20in%20brighton%20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="512" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPkgsHyMN87pwTcIT29_Raq3kKqyiX8BbMHvpFjHKK1zlWmXEDmfPDaG1zbvxBO4TBRwQCZf47pn2LwoPboOlly0suBGsxD7g4IUWqOscPxkFLgkJXgPvAZ34Hu65SmQYFeqKBDBqTq0c57bcwr1KkIc5rShLl2ZIvR8pnreZWxRXn16DGM335Rdt5/s320/bertha%20rackstraw%20in%20brighton%20.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
Bertha Rackstraw, briefly became known by the surname Phillipps, then reverted
to Rackstraw. Taken in 1909.<br />
<br />
Jessie travelled to Calcutta around 1907 with Bertha, accompanied by Jessie’s
youngest brother, Robert Burrows.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
experience of the journey, coupled with the complete change of lifestyle in
India, can only make one wonder at their reactions on their arrival. They were
all staying with Carr and Elizabeth at the house he had purchased, 4 Alipore
Lane, but he was already planning on building a bigger, more elegant home so
all her family could live with them. <br />
<br />
Around 1907 when Carr had resettled in Calcutta, he and Elizabeth and another
of her visiting sisters from England called Fanny Burrows, all took a trip to
Darjeeling <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>during the Pooja where they
were introduced to Joseph Arnowitz, a solicitor based in Calcutta. He had been
widowed in July 1906, when his dear wife, an Armenian named Helen nee Arratoon,
had died of cardiac failure at their family home, 12 Lindsay Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU3b41TrTBoQcihKam-AzTBYy2HI0184NxchwxsIpXHJQmm-JIjAhA5y5UrxtbkmZQCBE7pEtQ5P4EkMM4YQw7SJhlernFlsw_SPxOxSgP4HcIxBux8Otg-tO9rF1U3pVSTg7y18uykxVdLv9YcLX8eQnO6EFn77R9WgKuM6MQJ6Iat-R_N7bgwHE0/s1650/burrows-phillips-rackstraw%20simple%20family%20tree-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1650" data-original-width="878" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU3b41TrTBoQcihKam-AzTBYy2HI0184NxchwxsIpXHJQmm-JIjAhA5y5UrxtbkmZQCBE7pEtQ5P4EkMM4YQw7SJhlernFlsw_SPxOxSgP4HcIxBux8Otg-tO9rF1U3pVSTg7y18uykxVdLv9YcLX8eQnO6EFn77R9WgKuM6MQJ6Iat-R_N7bgwHE0/w340-h640/burrows-phillips-rackstraw%20simple%20family%20tree-a.jpg" width="340" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Simple family tree chart showing the connections between Phillipps, Burrows, Rackstraw and Arnowitz/Arnott<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span><br />
<br />
<b>Arnowitz And The Armenian Connection<br />
<br />
</b>Extraordinary things happened in India, and the young 22 year old
solicitor’s assistant, Joseph Arnowitz married the 44 year old widow Helen in
May 1893. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Helen and Joseph had no
children of their own, he was technically step-father to her children with her
late husband, but they were all well into their respective adulthood, so any
parental responsibilities were extremely minimal. Helen had had eight children
during her first marriage to fellow Armenian, Hovannes Catchatoor Owen. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hovannes had been a Chief Interpreter of the
High Court in Calcutta, but he had died in February 1891 of what one can only
imagine to be the most painful of deaths; gangrene of the scrotum.<a href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
Joseph Arnowitz would unwittingly, go on to play a pivotal role in the
breakdown and downfall of the marriage between Carr and Elizabeth.<br />
<br />
In 1907 on returning from Darjeeling, where Carr and Joseph had become friends,
Joseph received an invitation to Carr and Elizabeth’s home in Alipore Lane.
They were reciprocally invited by Joseph on a couple of river picnics. The
boats were owned by Joseph’s long-time friend, George Batho, and it was on one
of these picnics that Batho paid too much attention to Elizabeth. Carr was
furious, and incandescent with jealousy. He remonstrated with Elizabeth,
telling her to behave properly and not chat and giggle with bachelor
George.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The next large group social occasion
they all met was on Christmas day in 1907 at Carr’s house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There, Joseph announced his engagement to
Fanny Burrows, Elizabeth’s sister. A just cause for celebration, the champagne
was brought out, and much merriment and congratulations took place, including
congratulatory kisses amongst everyone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jealous
Carr was extremely unhappy with all the familiarity, and particularly as Batho
had kissed Elizabeth, even though he had asked permission of Carr, who politely
said yes, but was seething that Batho had done so. After this incident
Elizabeth, giddy from the flirtatious attentions of Batho, conducted a secret
and torrid liaison with him for nearly two years, culminating in her being
accused of adultery and she subsequently admitting it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
During the down-swing of Carr’s marriage, Joseph Arnowitz was at the other end
of the scale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He married Elizabeth’s
sister, Fanny on the 22<sup>nd</sup> February 1908 at St. Paul’s Cathedral,
Calcutta. Witnesses were C.W. Foley and Carr Phillipps. Exactly nine months
later, Joseph’s first child was born. Betty Arnowitz arrived on the 24<sup>th</sup>
November 1908, she was baptised on 13<sup>th</sup> February 1909 at St. Paul’s
Cathedral.<br />
<br />
Although Carr’s marriage faltered over a period of a couple of years, he had sincerely
hoped things would turn around. Despite these uncertain circumstances, and
forever the optimist, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in May 1909 he continued
to build the dream family home at 38 Theatre Road.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was never to be a happy place for him
whilst married to Elizabeth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By June
1909 Carr had instigated a Deed of Separation, due to her unacceptable
behaviour. Even when Carr removed Elizabeth and little Bertha from the house in
Alipore Lane, Elizabeth continued to see Batho for long periods of time.
Sometimes in rooms he had taken or on river boats where their closeness was
witnessed by servants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those same
servants, and others, including the landlords of Batho’s rooms; the hotel staff
at Spencers Hotel where Elizabeth was staying, and other individuals, such as
Joseph Arnowitz<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>were brought to Court by
Carr Phillipps as part of his divorce case against his wife. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a testing and a highly charged
emotional time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Carr had to withstand
the indignation and embarrassment of having his entire married life scrutinised
in court; re-living the ultimate betrayal of Elizabeth and listen to witness
after witness giving evidence of her indiscretions.<br />
<br />
Carr had also received an anonymous letter giving details of Elizabeth’s trists
with Batho. During the course of the divorce hearing it was stated that Carr
had confronted Elizabeth with the letter and an argument ensued. She said she
wanted to see friends, go out without him, that she had made a mistake marrying
him, wanted her freedom, she had passions and that Batho could give her as good
a home as Carr. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elizabeth wanted to go
and live in England, away and apart from Carr, but wanted him to make her an
allowance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He disagreed.<br />
<br />
It was stated that in the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>two year
period of marital uncertainty Elizabeth had left Carr and returned to England
and her family, and then she went back to India to fight the case.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A few months later, after Carr had had a
change of heart and forgiven her; he had hoped that life could return to
“normal”. But it was not to be, and Elizabeth continued to see Batho at every
opportunity she could, regularly meeting in secret. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A number of servants testified they had
witnessed the meetings, one testimony of a servant included reference to her
own brother, Robert, who had also witnessed his sister meeting Batho, but
failing to tell Carr.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In May 1909 it was
reported that Elizabeth had undergone an operation, the implication being that
she had an abortion, although this was never clearly stated during the Court
proceedings, only lightly touched on. Carr hired private detectives to follow
her both in India and later in England. On receiving the necessary, but
extremely upsetting proof, he once again banished her from the family home,
giving her only 20 minutes to leave for good.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This was the 31 May 1909 and although it was no doubt a very difficult
time for Carr, one’s thoughts turn to the innocent Bertha, whose life was
turned upside-down because of Elizabeth’s actions. <br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw9I6hrGeJVQiFpmmoL43aGSuddtfST8X6I5errcZLzYFO2yZ1MijJR2g3uljQl3h-wmmLoDZToedpupqtyMqiETQtSm2VLJiiPspuDxpbnJID0B2apNwa4sYxyiBm71AOWeLlQHTRl-L7mibgBfhI5GKSqDt9mLdEll9_Lu3RMW-Mcf9jMOcRc9Us/s750/Phillips%20to%20Elizabeth%20-%20may%20God%20curse%20you.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="244" data-original-width="750" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw9I6hrGeJVQiFpmmoL43aGSuddtfST8X6I5errcZLzYFO2yZ1MijJR2g3uljQl3h-wmmLoDZToedpupqtyMqiETQtSm2VLJiiPspuDxpbnJID0B2apNwa4sYxyiBm71AOWeLlQHTRl-L7mibgBfhI5GKSqDt9mLdEll9_Lu3RMW-Mcf9jMOcRc9Us/s320/Phillips%20to%20Elizabeth%20-%20may%20God%20curse%20you.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
<br />
In pain, exasperation and defeat, Phillipps wrote in a letter to Elizabeth: <i>“I
have raised you from the gutter and from the depths of degradation and made a
queen of you, and this is how you repay me. May God curse you.”<br />
<br />
</i>The judge in the case agreed that Elizabeth had indeed committed adultery
on numerous occasions with Batho and awarded Carr the divorce he applied
for.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The judge also made Batho pay the
legal costs of the case to Carr, which amounted to the staggering sum of £7,500
the equivalent today of around £800,000.<br />
<br />
Even though Batho professed his love for Elizabeth and promised her the earth
and world during their long affair, he did not follow through and they did not
marry, as she had thought they might.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Carr removed all financial help he had put in place for Elizabeth’s
family back in London, including assistance<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>to her father William Burrows who had spent the 10 years that Elizabeth
was married to Carr not having to work or worry about money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That avenue of help was well and truly
closed. Carr appears to have been a little more lenient when it came to Bertha;
she can be found in the 1911 census still using the surname Phillipps <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and attending Addiscombe College in Sussex as
a 6 year old pupil. With her at that school is her older sister Vera Rackstraw
aged 12, I would think it very unlikely that Elizabeth would have been able to
afford the education of two children, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Carr is likely to have paid for their
education there. <br />
<br />
Elizabeth and Carr’s divorce became final and dissolved with a decree absolute
being issued in September 1911. Elizabeth had long ago realised, but alas too
late, that she had bitten the hand that fed her, and gamely launched an appeal
against the divorce, hoping to somehow reverse the decision, but it was in
vain, and in February 1912 she and her legal team quietly withdrew the appeal.<br />
<br />
Life changed enormously for all the Burrows clan. William’s wife, Jessie had
died in 1907. By 1911 William was living with another of his daughters, Annie
Jane who was married to florist, William Henry Grove and their two
children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1915, at the age of 70,
William Burrows had taken on the license as publican at the Five Bells, St.
Mary Cray, Kent. Assisted by his son Robert, (who had been out in India with
Elizabeth and Fanny), Robert was now married to Margaret and had 3 children of
his own. The family had moved away from cab driving (a dying industry at the
time, because of the popularity and development of the London tube network) and
changed course to ale houses. William Burrows died at the aged of 86 in 1932 at
the Five Bells pub he ran with Robert.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>After the death of his father, Robert took over the license and
continued it under his own name. Sadly, Robert died suddenly in 1935, all his
siblings, (including Elizabeth) their respective husbands and wives as well as
their children attended the funeral. Life had not been easy or kind to William
and made worse by the poor judgment and decisions of Elizabeth.<br />
<br />
Although she was probably still reeling from the public and humiliating
stinging she received in the High Court in Calcutta during her prominent
divorce hearing, by December 1915 Elizabeth had met and married another
gentleman in Barnes, Surrey. The wedding was at Richmond Registry Office. He
was Glasgow born John Thomson, a bank official with the Guaranty Trust Company
of New York, based in London. John was 28 years of age, but Elizabeth, who was
clearly thinking on her feet, stated she was 32 years of age, when in fact she
was 39. Where the old marriage was ended on a lie, the new marriage was started
on one. Quite curiously the marriage record states she was known as “Betty
Vernon Phillipps” but it also does clearly say “the divorced wife of Carr
Lazarus Phillipps”. She was not baptised with the middle name “Vernon”, so it’s
a mystery as to why she inserted that into her name string.<br />
<br />
Remarkably, at the age of 41, Elizabeth had a child with John in 1918. Robert
William Thomson was born in East Sheen, Surrey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Elizabeth, John and baby Robert lived briefly in Kent, but by 1923 the
family had purchased 61 Castelnau, Barnes, Surrey which would become their
family home.<br />
<br />
Elizabeth’s life was quintessentially English compared to the chaotic one she
had in India.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rehabilitating herself
into a more settled, normal married life, she regularly held whist and bridge
drives at her home Castelnau in aid of the Children’s Holiday Fund organised by
the London branch of the British Legion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It would seem that she was also a canny property owner; her will reveals
<i>she </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was the owner of the family
home at 61 Castelnau and in addition, she rented out a second property of hers
in Grosvenor Gardens, East Sheen. She died in the West London Hospital on 7<sup>th</sup>
September 1962.These properties and her residue estate were left to her husband
and her son. She did, however, leave legacies to her niece Betty Reason
(daughter of Joseph and Fanny Arnott, previously Arnowitz); her sisters Annie Jane
Grove and Louie Silken; other family mentioned in the will were nieces Betty
Reason, Doris Dolan (daughter of Annie Jane nee Burrows), Vera Rackstraw
(daughter of Jessie Ann nee Burrows), Jessie Burrows and Margaret Burrows. <br />
<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh2Yhm6KkasonSVD3uZDUm6Q-UcjkJKAcs4Y8CzyFjeNvAPis063JdC73Mtj0opbXCbRklIOAyfH9HCjfMGqvI_-CyD8nCbxhwp9folwq0vNBQz7SmF3bLNVYkqWx-nPYAwFqpsdQte9VKXVg-LXiP_kRfE4M0Sc6-_6Eub5zPWQQV9Qn-ZdaS3Q42/s1275/Bertha%20Rackstraw%20Montage.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="591" data-original-width="1275" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh2Yhm6KkasonSVD3uZDUm6Q-UcjkJKAcs4Y8CzyFjeNvAPis063JdC73Mtj0opbXCbRklIOAyfH9HCjfMGqvI_-CyD8nCbxhwp9folwq0vNBQz7SmF3bLNVYkqWx-nPYAwFqpsdQte9VKXVg-LXiP_kRfE4M0Sc6-_6Eub5zPWQQV9Qn-ZdaS3Q42/s320/Bertha%20Rackstraw%20Montage.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
The back of the photo showing the date Carr received the image 9<sup>th</sup>
April 1911, and in pencil, presumably the date it was taken; 22.8.09. Images
courtesy of Zenon Moucessian’s family archive<br />
<br />
As far as Bertha, her adopted daughter who was also her niece, is concerned,
what we have here is simply quite astonishing. This photograph, an image of
beautiful young Bertha was sent to Carr, probably by Elizabeth, in 1911, and
has survived all this time as an unidentified child in the photographs
inherited by Carr’s family in the USA.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
was able to identify it, because it came with another photo of Bertha as an
young woman and I was able to compare it to one I had seen previously of Bertha
taken around the time she married.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am
truly grateful to Zenon Moucessian for sharing his family archive and papers
with me, and for his enduring patience, while I ask endless questions over
email<a href="#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>!<br />
<br />
By 1921, Bertha had returned to her mother’s (Jessie Rackstraw) home; a pub
called The Limes in Maidenhead. She had also reverted to her birth name of
Rackstraw, abandoning the adopted name of Phillipps. By 1924 Bertha had married
Frederick John Adams and they were living in South West England. Sadly, Bertha
died in 1927, aged 23 years, in Devon.<br />
<br />
The instigator of Carr Phillipps’s marriage woes, Joseph Arnowitz had moved his
wife Fanny (Elizabeth’s sister) and children to England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not far from Elizabeth, Fanny rented a
property in East Sheen on the 20<sup>th</sup> December 1915 for an agreed
period of three years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, Fanny
went over that agreed timeline.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
landlord served her a notice to quit in September 1919, but Fanny dug her heels
in and refused to move.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In court, the
landlord stated his case, saying he and his wife and 5 children wanted to move
into the property but were being prevented by Mrs. Arnowitz. Fanny didn’t
actually appear in Court herself, she was in Calcutta, her solicitor
represented her and said that she had gone to India with one of her children,
leaving the other two behind in the care of a sister, Mrs. Louisa Zilken who
was living in the house. The judge felt that the sister caring for the
remaining children should not be moved on and they should continue to be safely
housed whilst Fanny was abroad.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-SC4mN5wMaiRKb05qV5oEewzIJ_ihW5o-nIFtKAFC1-h_6xWKOtT32YUwiOwf-ajyZKLakJnf9o57de67JIpbMqMvknpmSjilZd7sPcQfZyCeDRUmfJE995aw-OcMiDmfsC_SMt0eW9tR-6jDEPKOBJBGicFFxs21tMnNR6UnnxXlekUBtxdj4tyQ/s320/joseph%20arnowitz%20via%20my%20heritage%20family%20tree.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="240" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-SC4mN5wMaiRKb05qV5oEewzIJ_ihW5o-nIFtKAFC1-h_6xWKOtT32YUwiOwf-ajyZKLakJnf9o57de67JIpbMqMvknpmSjilZd7sPcQfZyCeDRUmfJE995aw-OcMiDmfsC_SMt0eW9tR-6jDEPKOBJBGicFFxs21tMnNR6UnnxXlekUBtxdj4tyQ/s1600/joseph%20arnowitz%20via%20my%20heritage%20family%20tree.jpg" width="240" /></a><br />
Joseph Arnowitz, later known as Arnott. <br />
<a name="_Hlk127556938">Image: Full acknowledgement to and courtesy of a MyHeritage
public family tree of Richard F. Maidment</a><br />
<br />
Joseph and the family eventually settled in Upper Richmond Road, East Sheen and
by November 1931 he had officially applied for a change of name by Deed Poll.
He and his family were to be known as Arnott instead of Arnowitz.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeqrgFA15qMHSSzkiR9Id15Utmcil_Kr8Kkn_ACRGedqX4g89kOK3_dgxqlwtuBNlikPJiuTCE7uKOE28UGCoeXE3RLnj5Jq_V2YE39eTKfN6tHRWkxqfHJe9p-cJse-hZFyUv9zZVlZDp7z8chIpz4WkoWV5yIMLtAt_-4u2yLSvJHW-UcBlOM3Mh/s394/fanny%20arnowitz%20nee%20burrows%20via%20myheritage%20tree.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="394" data-original-width="322" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeqrgFA15qMHSSzkiR9Id15Utmcil_Kr8Kkn_ACRGedqX4g89kOK3_dgxqlwtuBNlikPJiuTCE7uKOE28UGCoeXE3RLnj5Jq_V2YE39eTKfN6tHRWkxqfHJe9p-cJse-hZFyUv9zZVlZDp7z8chIpz4WkoWV5yIMLtAt_-4u2yLSvJHW-UcBlOM3Mh/s320/fanny%20arnowitz%20nee%20burrows%20via%20myheritage%20tree.jpg" width="262" /></a><br />
Fanny Arnowitz later known as Arnott nee Burrows, sister of Elizabeth.<br />
Image: Full acknowledgement to and courtesy of a MyHeritage public family tree
of Richard F. Maidment<br />
<br />
Fanny died at the Nettlesworth Nursing Home in Hurstpierpoint, Sussex on 21<sup>st</sup>
February 1949, her husband, Joseph Arnott, was executor of her estate. Joseph
passed away on the 30<sup>th</sup> June 1952 at Putney Hospital, London.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>David George Jackson, husband of daughter
Joan, was executor of his estate.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, Elizabeth and John Thomson remained at their home Castelnau. Their
son Robert had married in February 1940 to Joan Palmer, the newly weds set up
home at the rented house belonging to his mother Elizabeth in Grosvenor
Gardens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a very short lived<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>marriage, Robert went abroad in 1943 and
before going, it was noted in the divorce proceedings that “he had trouble with
his wife over men”. On returning to England in January 1945, he discovered
Joan’s adultery with an American army officer who was also living in Barnes,
Robert filed for divorce which was granted in 1946, there were no children. He
went on to marry Beatrice Firth later in 1946. They lived briefly in New
Zealand for a couple of years in the early 1950s, and in the 1960s moved to New
York with their two children. Robert and Beatrice became naturalised American
citizens in April 1966 and Robert passed away in December 1987 in New Jersey.
Beatrice died a few years ago.<br />
<br />
Elizabeth’s 2<sup>nd</sup> husband, John Thomson, passed away at the family
home, 61 Castelnau on the 16<sup>th</sup> August 1966 of a perforated colon due
to a carcinoma of the rectum. Son, Robert was the informant on the death
certificate.<br />
<br />
With his painful and acutely embarrassing divorce behind him, Carr Lazarus Phillipps
continued to live and thrive in Calcutta. In 1911 he was one of three
overseeing managers of the Armenian College & Philanthropic Academy,
J.C.Galstaun and P.H. Crete being the other two and all were family
inter-linked to each other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1919 he
was excited at the thought of building a new school in the Indian hills for
Armenian<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and Anglo-Indian children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wrote about this a couple of years ago, you
can see the blog story on this <a href="https://chater-genealogy.blogspot.com/2020/05/how-armenian-community-prepared-for.html" target="_blank">link </a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><br />
<br />
</span>The house that Carr Phillipps built, at enormous personal expense, to
enable his [ex]wife and her large family from London to live with them in
Calcutta, held a host of unpleasant memories for him. 38 Theatre Road,
Calcutta, remained his home for a number of years, accommodating visiting
family from Julfa on occasions, as well as generously offering it and the
grounds for community events, it was a bitter-sweet place in his life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span>
<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0UZiDO10guzPhuBBQFm65DiD9bubegrF8nWiaU7LAZUXjYhG1RVwvbIbDdeEGDVGLSXDBWox1yBFGXjVyalbCyK0ffBlaNZ6dv3C5yqxPf6Bp-InoEoHGQA7bBgcw8GS0reVMMbBCcoiJO1x05zfe2mHBIvoZ5UQOWT86IjzzWYvndj4Tk7kAVYML/s1210/margaret%20%20Galoostian%20wedding%20%20in%20Calcutta-colourised.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="985" data-original-width="1210" height="325" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0UZiDO10guzPhuBBQFm65DiD9bubegrF8nWiaU7LAZUXjYhG1RVwvbIbDdeEGDVGLSXDBWox1yBFGXjVyalbCyK0ffBlaNZ6dv3C5yqxPf6Bp-InoEoHGQA7bBgcw8GS0reVMMbBCcoiJO1x05zfe2mHBIvoZ5UQOWT86IjzzWYvndj4Tk7kAVYML/w400-h325/margaret%20%20Galoostian%20wedding%20%20in%20Calcutta-colourised.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal">In 1914, Carr held the wedding reception of his niece,
Margaret Galoostian at 38 Theatre Road, although the invitations were in the
names of Mr. & Mrs. Phillipps, I think adding “Mrs.” was more for formality
than reality, the wedding photograph does not include Mrs. Phillipps. Witnesses
at the wedding of Margaret and Movcesse Movcessian were G.A. Phillipps (Carr’s
nephew) and Valarshak Galoostian, a teacher at the Armenian College &
Philanthropic Academy who was also the bride’s brother.<br />
<br />
A note on <span class="m6026362136092169912m-5792656668810803869spelle">Valarshak</span>
<span class="m6026362136092169912m-5792656668810803869spelle">Galoostian. </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At 16, he had been a student at the Armenian
College in 1901. his “parent/guardian” was noted as <span class="m6026362136092169912m-5792656668810803869spelle">Carr</span> Lazarus
Phillips, meaning he fully funded and sponsored his schooling.<a href="#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
Prior to the Armenian College <span class="m6026362136092169912m-5792656668810803869spelle">Valarshak</span> had been
educated at St. Xavier’s School, Calcutta. I estimate that period would be from
1891-1901. An incident in 1907 was to see his abrupt departure from
Calcutta. He (apparently) should have prepared a eulogy for a recently deceased
Armenian College school manager, but at the graveside he failed to do so. He
was heavily criticised and dismissed for his apparent deliberate snub. This was
around <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the time Archbishop <span class="m6026362136092169912m-5792656668810803869spelle">Avazdian</span> was on a
pastoral visit to Calcutta. He invited <span class="m6026362136092169912m-5792656668810803869spelle">Valarshak</span> to teach
at the Central School in Julfa which he did for several years. Returning again
to Calcutta to teach at the Armenian College between 1911 and 1919. Three of
his children were born in Calcutta and Carr Phillipps was listed as a Godfather
to the youngest, Carine Galoostian who was born in 1918. In 1919 Valashak became
very sick, took six months leave and went to Japan with his family. On the
advice of <span class="m6026362136092169912m-5792656668810803869spelle">Carr</span>
Phillips, from there he migrated to California, it was Carr Phillipps’s name
and address that was used by them as next of kin on the passenger list.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br />
<br />
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvrvougov56Vdsia82RFnOubh_gY-H408aSQW_wtOAFu8lRNiGDjscPFqjWWTr_4DnshC-0Oa61_qAkZ2jsXZQxnSTiBgtRY792NHc-O1XSEpI2j4Y0TzoxFHRx-9IW4WBs0JqfcTAp2RhlKpqyBaANo667LKBOFIhrkTelLbq4ZA8-VEAPWAEF_aV/s3750/38%20theatre%20road%20calcutta.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2822" data-original-width="3750" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvrvougov56Vdsia82RFnOubh_gY-H408aSQW_wtOAFu8lRNiGDjscPFqjWWTr_4DnshC-0Oa61_qAkZ2jsXZQxnSTiBgtRY792NHc-O1XSEpI2j4Y0TzoxFHRx-9IW4WBs0JqfcTAp2RhlKpqyBaANo667LKBOFIhrkTelLbq4ZA8-VEAPWAEF_aV/w400-h301/38%20theatre%20road%20calcutta.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">38 Theatre Road, the palatial home of Carr Phillipps.<br />
<br />
It was even a port-in-a-storm for a visiting actress and her daughter in August
1920<a href="#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>,
when recently widowed Georgie Devoe and her daughter Charlotte toured India. During
their time in Calcutta, Carr extended accommodation to them at his home at
Theatre Road.<a href="#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>
This was probably one of the last pieces of hospitality offered by Carr at this
property, because by September 1920 Babu Keshoram Poddar, a local millionaire,
had purchased it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Poddar donated the use
of the house to visiting President-elect Lala Lajput Rai, which allowed him and
his entourage to stay during the Congress week.<a href="#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
Throughout his life, kindness, generosity and great care and consideration was
how he appears to have conducted himself. The phrase <i>‘a fool and his money
are soon parted’</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>could easily refer
to Carr; for someone so successful in his business life, he was an utter
shambles in his personal life. His intentions were good, but his judgements
were poor. <br />
<br />
It wasn’t long before the wheels came off<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>in his commercial world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a
true gentleman, he readily agreed to stand as one of three sureties in the case
of Robert Church. In 1923 Church was accused of “illegal gratification and
cheating” and his bail was set extremely high. Three Armenians; J.N. Apcar,
J.C. Galstaun and Carr Phillipps each agreed to stand Rs50,000 each to help him
out. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Church was a former mining engineer
for the Railway Board in India. In the 1920s he found himself being extradited
from England to India to answer charges <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of contract fixing and bribery of coal deals
and falsely inflating prices so he could make personal gain other than his
normal wages. Apcar, Galstaun and Phillipps would have had regular dealings
with Church as they all supplied coal for the railways from their respective
mines.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I haven’t looked into this case
in detail, but I do wonder if they were involved somehow in inflating coal
prices. For the curious amongst you, this avenue would be an interesting piece
of research to conduct.<br />
<br />
It was at this time that Carr had diversified his interests. He was quick to
see the interest and popularity of motor cars, having been an owner himself for
over 15 years, he decided to invest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
regularly ran advertisements in the local Calcutta newspapers, extolling the
virtues of the <i>Lancia</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cost price
Rs24,000, he was offering them at Rs12,000 each. If you bought 12 at the same
time, you’d get a 10% discount. Ever the eternal optimist, I wonder if he may
have mis-judged his audience, and marketing strategy a little.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF1e0GFkJCvwFB-Jw0gbVbeRqYMm1yU4_2Tf0uJcGJLvzHC-y_AZTUS7DG0Uopy72UHyNzCSHe12j-KSnhzztEtDfOwuuUj_3Is2TwAyASHCIOqhE891XdC1CISukeo0GcOF1Tzy4EsqiVA6WNney1ajsjnWWY3E-tSYtZ-70IZqAtWfQEvIsSrqQj/s1275/carr%20lazarus%20philips%20car%20-%20a%20Lancia-b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="797" data-original-width="1275" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF1e0GFkJCvwFB-Jw0gbVbeRqYMm1yU4_2Tf0uJcGJLvzHC-y_AZTUS7DG0Uopy72UHyNzCSHe12j-KSnhzztEtDfOwuuUj_3Is2TwAyASHCIOqhE891XdC1CISukeo0GcOF1Tzy4EsqiVA6WNney1ajsjnWWY3E-tSYtZ-70IZqAtWfQEvIsSrqQj/w400-h250/carr%20lazarus%20philips%20car%20-%20a%20Lancia-b.jpg" width="400" /></a><br />
Diversifying in the 1920s, the Lancia was the car of choice for Phillipps to
sell. Image: Carr’s personal motor car was one he sold, the Lancia Kappa 35 HP.
Courtesy of Zenon Moucessian’s family archive.<br />
<br />
As an alternative source of potential profit, In 1927, sensing he may be able
to make some money, he entered into negotiations with the Christian Burial
Board and the Calcutta Corporation regarding 150 Bighas of land he owned near
Golf Club Road, Tollygunge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Christian Burial Board were desperate for additional land for cemeteries, Carr
suggested they purchase it from him for that purpose, they ended up taking 75
Bighas from him, the equivalent of nearly 47 acres, it now forms part of the
current Tollygunge Cemetery, a small section of it is dedicated to Armenian
burials.<br />
<br />
Carr was immensely successful for a number of years in the coal fields around
Dhanbad, but the turning point in that success was when J.C. Galstaun got into
financial difficulties.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He called upon
his wealthy Armenian friends and it was Carr Phillipps and Arratoon Stephen,
who came to his financial rescue; Carr took a Rs40,000 mortgage and loaned
Galstaun that sum. Galstaun died soon after and his estate was not in
sufficient funds to repay Carr.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
appears that it was not something he publicly commented on, and stoically
absorbed the debt. It was a large contributing factor to his loss of wealth.
Galstaun, who, although not directly related, was familiar in Carr’s family
circle. A sister of Carr’s had married Mackertich Galoostian, he being a
brother of J.C. Galstaun.<br />
<br />
During his lifetime, Carr yearned for personal happiness and fulfilment, but
this seems to have eluded him, certainly during his marriage to Elizabeth.
However, in a surprise move, I have discovered he married a second time in
September 1920 in Berlin to a young German woman called Martha Heike. <br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE9z-EHvWxfuuHu7vHsOx_dwuas8la_rvJTo4yyO6_AJxQk4rBCQPaB2e1R8sWrY3eHarO7zokIbFYDRH0Y7ASrWho0RmWL9ajRJsXNzgBpb99vz8r5T3YaFZPD2ZLQUsfFLFZgpod2XCFXRyWhNxHnL02di18cfWlmrFnFzAsghQFtR8RHz6N8kNY/s4210/cl_phillipps_and_martha_marriage_registration_1920.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4210" data-original-width="1761" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE9z-EHvWxfuuHu7vHsOx_dwuas8la_rvJTo4yyO6_AJxQk4rBCQPaB2e1R8sWrY3eHarO7zokIbFYDRH0Y7ASrWho0RmWL9ajRJsXNzgBpb99vz8r5T3YaFZPD2ZLQUsfFLFZgpod2XCFXRyWhNxHnL02di18cfWlmrFnFzAsghQFtR8RHz6N8kNY/w268-h640/cl_phillipps_and_martha_marriage_registration_1920.jpg" width="268" /></a><br />
German 1920 marriage record for Carr Phillipps and Martha Heike<br />
<br />
I speculate she may have been in the entertainment industry, just as Georgie
Devoe and her daughter Charlotte had been, and I wonder if Martha was one of
the acting, singing/dancing troupe that entertained in India. I say that
because Martha is on a passenger list for 1915 on the vessel St. Louis sailing
from Liverpool to New York. It states she was going to visit her friend C.E.
Jenkins at 2880 Broadway. This was a well-known haunt for artists, performers
and theatre-wannabe’s to meet and get work. She had listed Carr as her husband
which clearly, he was not. <br />
<br />
The marriage in 1920 would have been controversial; so soon after the end of
WW1, her German heritage would not have been popular in India, there was still
great suspicion of German nationals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>During WW1, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Carr would have
witnessed the exclusion and removal of a number of perfectly hard-working and
innocent Germans from Calcutta, in almost all cases, anyone with German
heritage (or married to a German national) was classed as a spy and traitor and
treated poorly. So far, nothing has come to light that would indicate Martha
lived in Calcutta, but I know the Moucessian family still have a lot of
untapped papers to review, maybe evidence will appear in the future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Earlier, in 1912 Carr had successfully
obtained naturalisation in India as a British Subject<a href="#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a>.
In 1923, Carr<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>had officially applied for
British naturalisation, and this was granted to him on the 11 June of that year
in London.<a href="#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a> <br />
<br />
He passed away at his home 8/2 Alipore Park Road on the 17<sup>th</sup> April
1937 of heart failure following coronary sclerosis. He was buried the same day
at the Armenian Church, Park Circus, known locally in the community as the
‘small church’. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Carr had made a very
detailed will in February 1930, in which he appointed his beloved nephew
Valashak Galoostian and Hyrapiet Crete (noted in the document as a “friend” but
he was actually a cousin) as executors. He left very clear and precise
instructions and legacies, and it is obvious he thought he had completed his
last will and testimony with the utmost care and consideration as to how it was
to be administered. However, he had not bargained on BOTH his executors
renouncing their responsibilities to finalise the will. As soon as Valashak
received the news in California of Carr’s death, he replied by telegram that he
wished to decline and renounce, he offered his sister, Margaret as his
replacement. <br />
<br />
There were only a couple of legacies left by Carr. Firstly, 25,000 Rupees went
to the Armenian College & Philanthropic Academy in Calcutta.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two further legacies of 1,000 Rupees each
went to his nephews, Arathoon Aviet Phillipps and his brother Gregory Aviet
Phillipps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Carr also ensured that his
wife Martha was to receive an allowance of £50.00 per month; a not
insignificant sum.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The remainder of his
entire estate was to be split between his nephew in California, Valarshak
Galoostian who was to received 3/5<sup>th</sup> share and his niece,
Valarshak’s sister, Margaret who was to receive 2/5<sup>th</sup> share.
Initially the estate looked promisingly healthy, Margaret’s testamentary
affidavit claimed the gross estate value to be Rs 1821299-3-11, but factoring
in the liabilities of Carr, it quickly became clear that these far exceeded the
assets.<br />
<br />
There does not seem to be any immediate family in Calcutta either willing or
able to help settle his estate. Carr’s wife, Martha was permanently living in Berlin,
Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His nephews, Arathoon and
Gregory Phillipps<a href="#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a>,
who had been living with <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Carr and whose
education at the Armenian College & Philanthropic Academy had been fully
funded and sponsored by Carr,<a href="#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a>
appear to have minor roles in the winding up of the estate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The household sale and auction of possessions
took place in April 1938, instructions for the sale were issued by Arathoon
Phillipps’s solicitors, Messrs. N.C. Bural & Pyne, which is at odds with the
estate solicitors appointed by Carr himself, of Orr, Dignam & Co.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In my conversations with Zenon over email, there
certainly seemed to be resistance and conflict between Margaret and the two
nephews in-situ in Calcutta. They pushed for the sale to take place, whilst
Margaret wasn’t so keen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Incidentally,
you will notice that the entire household furniture owned by Carr had been made
by J.E. Tomlin & Co.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A sideways Armenian
connection here is that John Edward Tomlin, a well-known and respected cabinet
maker of Calcutta, had married a young Armenian girl, Florence Isabelle
Michael.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tomlin’s own sister, Maria, had
married another Armenian from Calcutta called Catchick Owen Moses. Carr, ever
the Armenian patriot clearly liked to keep his Armenian connections to the
fore. He lived in India all his life, his heart a long way from his homeland,
but never far away from his community.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Letters of Administration were only<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>granted in August 1939. <br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzo4DpHejDO8AtThmDq8lMijLP49A1lcfkVvQm0EWEpQLrBbapFPZFevyz1CiWsdJQ_9DrEZGyGJauW0kZ2W5teY1W8wmwysCaZ2N7N1pCI5uK2rsWn3og-yMtyYeGXv5LfN0VBFaJ-wA7EECbH6cEoWnf02BDMiBzn3g0zCwIRGb5X0K7JShkvlL9/s2213/Page%201%20%20from%20Carr%20Phillipps%20Auction%20catalogue.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2213" data-original-width="1393" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzo4DpHejDO8AtThmDq8lMijLP49A1lcfkVvQm0EWEpQLrBbapFPZFevyz1CiWsdJQ_9DrEZGyGJauW0kZ2W5teY1W8wmwysCaZ2N7N1pCI5uK2rsWn3og-yMtyYeGXv5LfN0VBFaJ-wA7EECbH6cEoWnf02BDMiBzn3g0zCwIRGb5X0K7JShkvlL9/s320/Page%201%20%20from%20Carr%20Phillipps%20Auction%20catalogue.jpg" width="201" /></a><br />
Image courtesy of Zenon Moucessian’s family archive.<br />
<br />
The estimate of the estate value dropped to around Rs 921,000.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To add to matters, Martha had passed away in
Berlin in March 1938. With the estate still not finalised, fresh Letters of
Administration were granted in February 1942. Carr’s estate value had been re-adjusted
again to reflect his business losses and was now valued at just Rs 29,000.<br />
<br />
Margaret was a key part in getting the estate finalised, dedicating an enormous
amount of time and effort in doing so and it is through her foresight the her
family today have a rich archive of family papers that help to unravel Carr’s
life.<br />
<br />
Elizabeth and Carr could so easily have been an incredible asset to the local
community through the many good works and charitable efforts Carr undertook,
particularly with his commitment to Armenians in Calcutta; the potential for a
modern-day power couple was within their gift. But Elizabeth was young,
immature and selfish, she felt stifled in the gilded world she found herself
in. Carr, for his part, appears inexperienced, and was overly possessive with a
strong streak of jealousy coursing through his veins and, what seems to be, a
life-abundance of naivety. Life crumbled for both of them and the fall-out from
their failed marriage reached far across the oceans and changed the direction
of many lives. Their adopted daughter, little Bertha Rackstraw, would have had
a very different life and lifestyle had she stayed in India, Carr would no
doubt have spoilt her and given her a more fortunate upbringing than that of
her maternal family.<br />
<br />
Ironically, Elizabeth settled into life in suburbia and became the respectable
wife and mother Carr had always wanted her to be – she just didn’t do it with
him.<br />
<br />
<i>“Oh what a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive.”</i><br />
<i><span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 107%;">Sir Walter Scott</span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">London, England, Church of
England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1923</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1891 census</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10pt;">London, England, Church of England Marriages and
Banns, 1754-1932</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CHOWRINGHEE_AND_TRAM_TERMINUS.jpg">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CHOWRINGHEE_AND_TRAM_TERMINUS.jpg</a></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><sup><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></sup><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Armenian
Church Marriage Register No. 555 also N11-9a-100-60</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">London, England, Church of England Births
and Baptisms, 1813-1923</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">N1-215-247</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Armenian College & Philanthropic
Academy Register of Students</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=7488&h=4016322030&tid=&pid=&queryId=f9844326238b9bb9e146aa20899529e7&usePUB=true&_phsrc=egs3134&_phstart=successSource">Passenger
list, S.S. Coronia Liverpool to New York 1920</a> </p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiAtueSuvn7AhUkM0QIHW_CA_gQFnoECCsQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fozvta.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F03%2Ffanning-charlie-23122012.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1y9M4t4nkbPxfoOdMX01pe">Biographical
write-up on Charles Fanning and Georgie Devoe</a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Times of India 4 September 1920</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Carr Phillipps’s will</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">National Archives, Kew</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">They remained in India,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Arathoon died in 1970 and Gregory, who had
been a member of the office staff for the Armenian Church died in 1960. Both
were buried in the Armenian cemetery at Tangra.</span></p>
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<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Armenian College & Philanthropic
Academy Register of Students</span></p>
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<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;"><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a> I
found a family tree belonging to Zenon Moucessian on a genealogy website.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I reached out to him via the messaging
system, and what has developed since then has been truly amazing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Zenon was keen and excited to share with me
his family archive containing information on Carr Phillipps, as well as other
unknown information.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I would like to
think I’ve helped piece a few things together and given the family an even more
detailed insight into Carr’s life and marriage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I cannot thank Zenon enough for his generosity and ceaseless patience
with me and all my questions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
family archive is a perfect example of how these long ago acquired papers can
finally make sense and come to life, with a little bit of work and
research.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Zenon had already done a lot
himself, focusing on Carr, but my interest (initially) was with who Elizabeth
Burrows was. At the time of writing this blog article, there were still many
papers in Zenon’s archive to review and scan, something his family will be
doing on the coming weeks and months. </p>
<p class="MsoEndnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
</div>
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<p></p>Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-56914796794805695142022-10-27T10:16:00.000+01:002022-10-27T10:16:16.156+01:00UK Census 1931, 1941, 1951<p><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u x1yc453h" dir="auto">The
UK 1921 Census was released on the Findmypast website on 6 January 1922.
But brace for a census drought. </span></p><p><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u x1yc453h" dir="auto"> </span></p><p><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u x1yc453h" dir="auto">The UK 1931 Census was lost in a fire and the 1941 Census was
cancelled because of the war, (although we do have the 1939 Register to refer to). </span></p><p><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u x1yc453h" dir="auto"> </span></p><p><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u x1yc453h" dir="auto">That makes the UK 1951 Census release to be in 2052. Very unlikely I'll be around for that
one!</span></p>Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-91841613264926071182022-09-27T16:58:00.001+01:002022-09-27T17:09:57.423+01:00Virginie Keuleyan: With a Broken Heart, She Remembered the Future<p> <!--[if !mso]>
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</p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8ZWLTSpSpn9H_0pc4SX8Dm7rJVjBtkwpOaegoRasx9ajeIHS17Y1lkf-gndC4Vx7GsLNORytCggHJuvE7SCHi_vzPu6ssdyULgTQ1TWUvIUJxapugKENPqg58WJ6LwaqpDckUYRL0yw60_SvtUM8D0XxoGSY7-YhaOyb5yNEagE6l4XrbXBEcUJ9G/s709/avedis%20keuleyan%20portrait-Colorized-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="709" data-original-width="301" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8ZWLTSpSpn9H_0pc4SX8Dm7rJVjBtkwpOaegoRasx9ajeIHS17Y1lkf-gndC4Vx7GsLNORytCggHJuvE7SCHi_vzPu6ssdyULgTQ1TWUvIUJxapugKENPqg58WJ6LwaqpDckUYRL0yw60_SvtUM8D0XxoGSY7-YhaOyb5yNEagE6l4XrbXBEcUJ9G/w170-h400/avedis%20keuleyan%20portrait-Colorized-a.jpg" width="170" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Avedis Keuleyan</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Occasionally,
I stumble upon an Armenian in the newspapers who has made a difference to the
lives of many people, and yet has been sidelined in our modern-day world.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Virginie
Keuleyan is a well-known name in Liverpool for her charitable legacy, but the
wider Armenian communities around the world are less aware of her philanthropy
and her Armenian family connections. Her charitable legacy is a quiet generosity influenced by the happiness and heartache she experienced in life. An exceptionally caring and compassionate woman, she wanted to help the people of Liverpool in recognition for the thoughtfulness shown to her and her beloved husband, Avedis.<br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmEdfCdRBYgL0xutniujt514Vd5GUv_z0Y2Pat6EqkuPZQwkzjLwRQyoRcdbY2mUNUaf6MuSr4PldLBy9llMFJMXtvejMGcPCDfg3gM9IgLyOX_ryVdvNwQYlr59FliAV4J4_1OMvGIj06xgQAUt6HVDs8cE6B52Odf3ma3ju5YmERVozNHWIE6HQ-/s883/balian%20family%20tree%20chart-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="744" data-original-width="883" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmEdfCdRBYgL0xutniujt514Vd5GUv_z0Y2Pat6EqkuPZQwkzjLwRQyoRcdbY2mUNUaf6MuSr4PldLBy9llMFJMXtvejMGcPCDfg3gM9IgLyOX_ryVdvNwQYlr59FliAV4J4_1OMvGIj06xgQAUt6HVDs8cE6B52Odf3ma3ju5YmERVozNHWIE6HQ-/w400-h338/balian%20family%20tree%20chart-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Simple Balian Family Tree<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Virginie
was born in Smyrna in 1872, the youngest of at least four children of Bedros
Bey Balian and his wife Mariam nee Baliozian. Her siblings were:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">[K]hosrov
(later to become known as Christopher) born 1865</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Armenag
born 1867</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mihran born
1870</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I am
unsure at this stage when the family came to England, but certainly by 1883,
Bedros was established in London as a tobacco merchant and cigarette
manufacturer, trading from Paulet Road, Camberwell as the proprietor of the
‘Asia Minor Cigarette Company’. <a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">As far
as I have been able to establish, there is absolutely no evidence available at
the moment to suggest this Balian family are connected or related to the famous
Balian family of architects. Of course, DNA testing would be the definitive
factor to either confirm or dismiss this, but a well-regarded historian who
also has specialist knowledge of the architect Balian DNA, has advised me he
thinks the connection between the two families is very unlikely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, should any Balian’s connected to the
family mentioned here wish to consider DNA testing, do get in touch and I will
be able to advise you of the best way forward to do so.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It is
this Balian family in London that Calouste Gulbenkian used to visit regularly
during his time studying at Kings College, London. Calouste <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>witnessed fellow students being violent and
causing trouble with other students, and although he was boarding in Ealing
with Reverend Henry Belcher, along with three others, he was extremely homesick
and unhappy. Calouste took to spending Saturdays with the Balians, it was a
comfort being included in an Armenian family atmosphere. <a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bedros
Balian was in Constantinople during some of this period in 1884, and it was his
eldest son, Khosrov who had taken the “head-of-the-family role”, and who opened
up the Balian home and hospitality to Calouste.<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
In 1885 Calouste briefly lived with them full-time, no doubt grateful for the
normality of an Armenian family around him. <a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
I’m uncertain exactly where the Balian family were located in London during
this period, but electoral registers give Khosrov Balian living in Woodstock
Road, Hammersmith in 1887<a href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>,
and later the 1891 census shows the whole family in Woodstock Road.<a href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
Mariam and her children were living there along with Mariam’s nephew Carnik
Baliozian, son of her brother Garabed. By now, Khosrov had anglicized his name
to Christopher, and he was listed as a Turkey merchant, Armenag was a
merchant’s assistant and Mihran a solicitor’s clerk. Virginie is also on the
census. There’s no mention of Mariam’s husband Bedros. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[K]hosrov aka Christopher
Balian</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><b></b></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWoAxc-odzAIHuYKYPtMGgJOR3M9va_cA0LQKFVQ2vg-QvMikvKlg331MLeOKvaJQr8DPg9-DwAFBjfVO5t8HOgm_rRAuoAnxDIRMG7nzJzg-EHYy_XTpdsXw1fSF3WlrcCA67OTF5g5pNKeQva-SbChO-mk_HjeSgJJLP0Ml3O_77SIvBFcnT4tSR/s3300/christopher%20balian%20portrait-Colorized-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3300" data-original-width="2550" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWoAxc-odzAIHuYKYPtMGgJOR3M9va_cA0LQKFVQ2vg-QvMikvKlg331MLeOKvaJQr8DPg9-DwAFBjfVO5t8HOgm_rRAuoAnxDIRMG7nzJzg-EHYy_XTpdsXw1fSF3WlrcCA67OTF5g5pNKeQva-SbChO-mk_HjeSgJJLP0Ml3O_77SIvBFcnT4tSR/w309-h400/christopher%20balian%20portrait-Colorized-a.jpg" width="309" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Khosrov aka Christopher Balian<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><b><br />J</b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">ust a
month or so after the 1891 census was taken, Christopher applied for
naturalization to become a British subject.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That application was successfully registered on 2<sup>nd</sup> June
1891.<a href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>
This gave him so much more freedom, both personal and professional. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">He had
briefly been in a partnership with his 22 year old nephew Carnik Baliozian,
trading as C. Baliozian & Co., in London. In 1894 the business invited
tenders to shipbuilders for <i>“a new screw steamer for local Eastern
Mediterranean trade. Dimensions: 120 x 18 x 11 with a forehold of 26ft., aft
hold 18ft. One steam winch: a cabin with 15 beds; net tonnage 85, gross 125 to
130; must not consume more than three cwt. of coal per hour; speed to be 11 to
12 miles per hour. Particulars of a good second-hand steamer to be fitted for requirements,
may also be sent.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Neither steam
vessel ever materialized, and by 1895 that partnership was dissolved, because
of young Carnik’s debts.<a href="#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">An
interesting side-note on Christopher is that in 1898, he was one of the
volunteer watchers at the vigil of the coffin of Liberal Prime Minister William
Gladstone, as it rested in the ancient surroundings of Westminster Hall, London.<a href="#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>
A place recently in the news where her late Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II rested
as the public paid their last respects to her. That an Armenian from Turkey was
standing watch over a late British Prime Minister in the oldest part of the
British parliament, was something of a great honour to him, and full of notoriety
in the Armenian circles in London. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg72AHp2ioCKr7a_uWEmXuzb9TimB-qCp2FY31T3JTIaDx0Sa4tUaWVzmtNB1RLyucOpB3X4SRCybmHnNVrP6U2-Rzv3ywRuLup_B09_VHTKU_PfterOoO1MyiioYjqyOIBxykdxjcL6bc9NIRESXwKpBfJszwRjN0uAGkMz6AksOBj4Q3xG-gYE7z6/s3300/lying%20in%20state%20montage.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3300" data-original-width="2550" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg72AHp2ioCKr7a_uWEmXuzb9TimB-qCp2FY31T3JTIaDx0Sa4tUaWVzmtNB1RLyucOpB3X4SRCybmHnNVrP6U2-Rzv3ywRuLup_B09_VHTKU_PfterOoO1MyiioYjqyOIBxykdxjcL6bc9NIRESXwKpBfJszwRjN0uAGkMz6AksOBj4Q3xG-gYE7z6/w309-h400/lying%20in%20state%20montage.jpg" width="309" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Christopher Balian was one of the watchers in the vigil of Mr. Gladstone, whose remains were lying-in-state in Westminster Hall, London<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In 1898
he was appointed a London Councillor for the Progressive party for St. Georges-in-the-East.
He went on to seize an opportunity to show he was a “decent fellow” and was
initiated in the London County Council Lodge of Freemasonry. However he was
excluded from 1900.<a href="#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Christopher’s ascension into London life
was short-lived. By the spring of 1900 his inflated ego rather ran away with
him, and resulted in a warrant being issued for his arrest.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The big
story in Town, making headlines in the newspapers and providing society’s
gossips endless material to toy with, was the audacious conduct of the London
County Councillor, Christopher Balian. In late 1899 He had approached a jewelry
and diamond specialist in Hatton Garden, London, called Nierses Nersessian, who
was also a fellow Armenian and also a leading member of the Armenian community
in London. He told him that as a member of the London County Council, he was: <i>“intimate
with some rich persons who belonged to that body, including Lords, Dunraven,
Hardwicke and Farquhar. Balian made out these men wanted pearls and he could
therefore put some good business in Mr. Nersessian’s way.”</i> Knowing that he
was a member of the London County Council, Nersessian had no reason to doubt
the accuracy of Balian, and the jewel merchant let him taken some away on the understanding
that he was going to show them to the potential customers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Balian made a series of visits to the Hatton
Garden shop, taking away strings of pearls at different times and signing his
name at the bottom of invoices, which were made out to the peers for whom he
said he represented.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Balian
really was quite the player and even claimed that he would take Mr.
Nersessian’s brother to see Lord Dunraven. He told Nersessian he had made an
appointment and in due course the brother went with Balian to see Lord
Dunraven. Having arrived it seemed His Lordship had “forgotten” the appointment
and was not there, but Balian said he would arrange to see the Lord on another
occasion. All complete lies of course. He had never made an appointment, and
there never would be a re-arranged meeting.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Nersessian
pressed Balian for payment of the pearls he had taken away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Balian was constantly evasive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nersessian wrote to their lordships and was
informed by them that they had no knowledge of the matter. Finally, Mr. Nersessian
consulted his solicitor who advised he should obtain an arrest warrant. By this
time it was too late. Balian had pawned the pearls and received <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>over £2,700 for the pearls, which were worth
£5,000 retail. Greed got the better of him, his intention was to make big fast
money as a speculator on the Liverpool Cotton Exchange,<a href="#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>
unfortunately his gambling didn’t pay off, and he then apparently skipped the
country. Police went to his business address, 19 St. Dunstan’s Hill where he
operated as a dried goods merchant, as well as his home, which was shared with
his mother and brothers, who were questioned about him but claimed no knowledge
of his whereabouts. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This situation would
have caused untold embarrassment and shame on the family. Just a couple of
weeks later Balian sent a resignation letter to the Council in which he said:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I regret having to intimate that owing to
ill-health and from the advice of my medical attendant, I have been obliged to
place my resignation as a member of the Council in your hands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am yours faithfully, C. Balian. Canary
Islands.” The receiving councillors had a big laugh at this incredibly stupid
note.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4SHVC-5jBhdYYtps7nBrLU8txqwugBT0BK4RL6tM0JBDxPOY1wqPcHkLIrEIfJnEd7GIMiQDdTMthhdE4xGmfzwsutUCPB5UjV15KkwSc3ZodZZr-vImowuVqy9HzE5pIxQpLMY-Eyq93BvG-I8GCRuy2OoN2MOpdg7K3sHtaRJoCoQ9X4Eoaf_HY/s793/1900%20march%2030%20wanted%20posted%20for%20Christopher%20Balian.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="793" data-original-width="373" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4SHVC-5jBhdYYtps7nBrLU8txqwugBT0BK4RL6tM0JBDxPOY1wqPcHkLIrEIfJnEd7GIMiQDdTMthhdE4xGmfzwsutUCPB5UjV15KkwSc3ZodZZr-vImowuVqy9HzE5pIxQpLMY-Eyq93BvG-I8GCRuy2OoN2MOpdg7K3sHtaRJoCoQ9X4Eoaf_HY/s320/1900%20march%2030%20wanted%20posted%20for%20Christopher%20Balian.jpg" width="151" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The WANTED notice for Christopher Balian<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It’s
most unlikely he went to the Canary Islands, in fact it is most unlikely he
actually left the country at all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
an instantly recognizable character from wounds he received from fighting in
Turkey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had lost his left eye, and
his eye-lid was permanently closed on that side of his face. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was claimed in newspaper reports he
couldn’t go back to Turkey because he had fallen out in a big way with the
authorities over there, and was likely to be arrested if he showed his face.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">No
further sign of [K]hosrov aka Christopher Balian surfaces until 1949 when his
sister Virginie leaves a small bequest to him in her will.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally, a burial record indicates that
Hosrov Balian was buried on the 24<sup>th</sup> November 1950 at Kensal Green
Cemetery, in the same plot as Mariam and Armenag; mother and two sons reunited
in death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What is extraordinary, is that
there is no death index reference to his death in the England and Wales Civil
Registration Death Index. Meaning there is no death certificate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I took the liberty of speaking with the
Armenian Church in London and asked them to check their registers for any
burials for Balian in 1950, there was no record of any ceremony
whatsoever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover, even though there
is a tombstone on the grave with inscriptions to Mariam Balian and her son
Armenag, there is no mention of Hosrov on the stone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If it wasn’t for the fact there is a burial
register index stating he was in the same plot as his mother and brother, it
would be as if he didn’t exist. He appears to have spent his whole existence
skimming under the radar of life, leading to his final resting place, almost
anonymously, in Kensal Green Cemetery.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEUkh2oFBLGErZV9Z7fXDmlvhny5p54W2zRh1FWkiASxxdUzzgLt_JYB3DPv5lga0TuX4y7Qtb5qPL6GZtozVsGMyn8csbuzdGZhnFK508dmQDOt3Zux-mr1O8of20OzqhBStbwM5v9qDr48LdhXRhbTy6xy26SSI6C6_QW3vlkYsTXQ1jH7PVt-2n/s2269/burial%20plot%20montage.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2269" data-original-width="2195" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEUkh2oFBLGErZV9Z7fXDmlvhny5p54W2zRh1FWkiASxxdUzzgLt_JYB3DPv5lga0TuX4y7Qtb5qPL6GZtozVsGMyn8csbuzdGZhnFK508dmQDOt3Zux-mr1O8of20OzqhBStbwM5v9qDr48LdhXRhbTy6xy26SSI6C6_QW3vlkYsTXQ1jH7PVt-2n/w388-h400/burial%20plot%20montage.jpg" width="388" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A montage of the three burial register entries<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /> </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Armenag Balian sometimes
known as Arthur Balian</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">During
the course of events concerning his brother Christopher and the stolen pearls,
Armenag sued ‘The Times’ newspaper for libel. The Police “WANTED” notice for
Christopher suggested that his brother Armenag, whose unfortunate nickname was
“Darkie” was a person of dishonest and disreputable character because he was a
bookmaker who frequented a particular establishment and was known to the police.
The case was heard by Mr. Justice Wills in November 1900, who in summing up
said “the question of libel depended very much on the meaning which the jury
attached to the words, “well known to the City Police”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The jury found a verdict for the Plaintiff,
and assessed the damages at £100.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Armenag was successful.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Armenag
picked up some further libel damages for the same argument in June 1901
from<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the<i> People, Reynolds’s, the Echo
and East End News. </i>He was awarded a further £200 by the Lord Chief Justice
and a special jury.<a href="#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
Armenag married Ethel Amy Christine Weaver in 1917, although their children
were all born prior to this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The family
lived in Sinclair Gardens for almost all of Armenag’s life, he died in December
1938 and is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery with his mother Mariam and wayward brother
Khosrov aka Christopher who died in 1950, but without any show of recognition
on the plot.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWTmXWxDexZewUzgdFvioij0tOGjBUwKvVI53VUJuo1hKWViNIVquaQcwGacd_HI-EpaqJadG-VMQYWBhKZclMNYbG0DGrO_VuWCKzH_KRtSMr4z9mTxhQfZLQz8ai4gZW6yEmUzek4c-vMWKTCvqAhV01dh3FK1TqaTNEdc6do4c_1hjzwSira2C0/s4223/mariam%20balian%20gravestone.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4223" data-original-width="3167" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWTmXWxDexZewUzgdFvioij0tOGjBUwKvVI53VUJuo1hKWViNIVquaQcwGacd_HI-EpaqJadG-VMQYWBhKZclMNYbG0DGrO_VuWCKzH_KRtSMr4z9mTxhQfZLQz8ai4gZW6yEmUzek4c-vMWKTCvqAhV01dh3FK1TqaTNEdc6do4c_1hjzwSira2C0/s320/mariam%20balian%20gravestone.jpeg" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mariam and Armenag headstone, Kensal Green Cemetery<br />Image
via Findagrave.com. Image copyright of user: Rosemary.<br />
</span><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/240400070/marian-balian"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/240400070/mariam-balian</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">After
the death of Armenag, his widow Ethel went to live with her son and daughter,
Serkies and Marie in Hazlitt Road, where she appears to have remained until her
death in 1977.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Armenag
and Ethel’s children were:<br />
<br />
<i>Marie Kathleen Balian</i> was born in April 1907, she remained a spinster
throughout her life. The 1939 Register states she was “incapacitated” living in
Hazlitt Road with her mother Ethel and sister Meriam. Marie died in 1967.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Serkis
Paul Balian</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> was
born in February 1914, both he and his sister Marie Kathleen were baptized on
the same day; 14 November 1914 in West Kensington<a href="#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a>.
The 1939 Register notes him as Paul Balian, an aero engineer in Birmingham, but
the family home continued to be Hazlitt Road where his mother and sisters
continued to reside. In 1953 Paul married and went on to have three children,
all of whom survive today.<br />
<br />
<i>Meriem Balian</i> was born 2<sup>nd</sup> March 1916<a href="#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a>.
She married in 1941 to Leslie Galbraith, she passed away in 2008.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mihran
Balian</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIdWkwW_JL-3ThRLftiSFKraiysvE1XUw0fQwBwJVaq5s4FWjKhvM3DSblbHGrVhCNgcgGmJ8bQFgmHAKnaph0u3kuvn0qyWUadX3y5Y6kE36dy0T7JrX5SqJbkhCXrMEVmNAW8UMvXbScMwXwqAWCeQke9wSlPGzax66F3LbrGqeR9kPjM3PYU4wY/s461/mihran%20balian%20portrait%20PHOTO-z-Colorized-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="461" data-original-width="395" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIdWkwW_JL-3ThRLftiSFKraiysvE1XUw0fQwBwJVaq5s4FWjKhvM3DSblbHGrVhCNgcgGmJ8bQFgmHAKnaph0u3kuvn0qyWUadX3y5Y6kE36dy0T7JrX5SqJbkhCXrMEVmNAW8UMvXbScMwXwqAWCeQke9wSlPGzax66F3LbrGqeR9kPjM3PYU4wY/s320/mihran%20balian%20portrait%20PHOTO-z-Colorized-a.jpg" width="274" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mihran Balian<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></b></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Like all
his siblings, he was born in Smyrna. He appears to have grown up to be the more
sensible and responsible of the brothers. Boarding with him and his mother Mary
on the 1901 census was Mary Velge who was only 26 years of age and from the
Straits Settlements in Asia. The Velge family were well known and respected <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in Asia, and were acquainted socially and
commercially with the Armenians in Malaysia. Perhaps this connection led to
Mary Velge boarding temporarily with the Balians in the hope a romance may
blossom between her and Mihran. That, however, wasn’t to be, and by 1910 Mary
was back in Penang marrying an engineer named Lucian Tesserant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Meanwhile,
Mihran put as much distance as he could between his own reputation and that of
his thieving, double crossing brother Christopher. In 1903 he had married Elise
Dayian not at an Armenian church, but at St. Barnabas Church in Kensington. By
this time, his mother Mary had died in Sussex, and Mihran was living at Holland
Road, Kensington, working as an accountant to a firm of solicitors, McKenna
& Co. Given his brother’s brush with stolen property, abscondence, and
subsequent WANTED notice, I do wonder how much McKenna’s knew; reputations
where everything then, and Mihran’s family was tainted by Christopher’s
actions. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Baby
Lucy Balian was born in 1904 a year after their marriage and was baptized in
the same church the wedding took place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>By this time, Mihran and his family were living in Stanwick Mansions,
West Kensington and by 1911 they had moved again, this time to Earls Court
Road. In 1915 Mihran applied for naturalization to be a British Subject, he
swore his Oath of Allegiance on the 9<sup>th</sup> February that year, at his
own place of work, McKenna & Co. He was now British. By 1921 he was Chief
Accountant at McKenna’s and the family were living at Lexham Court, Lexham
Gardens, London.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOmrFv0pHYP8gc60-Oj1Dgv0Bl2Vrmwzq7joxseVOh-z1FWHMQC7VZAWtO06halKU58x6UWl8RVjVuhc5keUmfu5-oNOOruoZ9khDl4bq8wolipsGqjzcwHAXiCsYFnsMpctetRijD0Z5uLSWx4J1EFSZEMmbK-6t3BQ6bU_gUpLY5YY5VPHr0yKFg/s458/mihran%20balian%20cycle%20photo-Colorized-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="458" data-original-width="387" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOmrFv0pHYP8gc60-Oj1Dgv0Bl2Vrmwzq7joxseVOh-z1FWHMQC7VZAWtO06halKU58x6UWl8RVjVuhc5keUmfu5-oNOOruoZ9khDl4bq8wolipsGqjzcwHAXiCsYFnsMpctetRijD0Z5uLSWx4J1EFSZEMmbK-6t3BQ6bU_gUpLY5YY5VPHr0yKFg/s320/mihran%20balian%20cycle%20photo-Colorized-a.jpg" width="270" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mihran Balian in 1895 at his peak in his cycling events<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /> </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">From the
late 1890’s Mirhan had a passion for cycling and there are a number of reports
where he took part in events. In 1935 he wrote a book <i>‘Cycling, It’s Art and
Pastime’</i> published by The Bishopsgate Press. Mirhan passed away in July
1947.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Virginie
Balian and Avedis Keuleyan</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Virginie
would have been part of the household when Calouste Gulbenkian visited in 1884/1885.
Although only a young girl of 12 or 13, it is an age where children take in
every detail of their surroundings and household visitors, the Balian home was
probably a very busy one, with visits from other Armenian community members
living in London. With her father Bedros away in Constantinople, the role of
head-of-the-family fell onto the shoulders of her eldest brother Khosrov aka
Christopher.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">With the
Balian family’s reputation building positively in London, Christopher making
strides in the commercial and political areas of London Life, it could be said
the family were on a collective high as they approached a family landmark; a
wedding.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Virginie
Balian’s wedding in July 1894 was quite the occasion. Anyone who was anyone in
the Armenian community of London attended. It would have been quite the
spectacle and made even more unusual to see a temporary Armenian chapel made
and erected inside Norris’s Hotel, in up-market Kensington for her nuptials
with Avedis Keuleyan. It surely would have been a spectacular sight for hotel
management, guests and the general public. The ceremony was conducted by Armenian
Arch-Priest the Very Rev. S. Baronian of Manchester. Among the guests present
were Lady Stevenson, Mrs. Francis S. Stevenson, Mr. C.E. Schwann M.P., and Mrs.
Schwann, Mr. Edward Atkin, Mr. & Mrs. G.B.M. Coore, and many other friends
of the bride’s family. A witness account of the ceremony said:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“It
is rarely the fortune of Englishmen to witness the impressive ceremony of an
Armenian wedding, and the large attendance at Miss Balian’s marriage attests
the warm interest which is felt in this country for the most ancient National
Church in the world, which has held together for sixteen hundred years a people
whose attachment to the customs of their forefathers is well known. The wedding
service of the Armenians is essentially congregational. On entering the
temporary chapel at Kensington, the Arch Priest, habited in a rich crimson
cope, and wearing a hood of black moiré silk asked the bride and bridegroom if
they desired to enter into the blessed state of holy matrimony, and were aware
of the importance of the vows they offered to take. Both answered in the
affirmative. Dr. Baronian demanded of the whole congregation if they had heard
the declarations of the contracting parties, to which the answer was returned,
“we are witness”, whereupon the bridal hymn was chanted, and the bride and
bridegroom were each crowned with a silken fillet of red and white silk, and
their heads were inclined during the remainder of the service. After an address
from the Arch Priest on the duties of the married state, in the course of which
allusion was made to the feast at Cana honoured by the presence of Christ, and
the miraculous turning of water into wine, Dr. Baronian blessed wine, and the
bride and bridegroom alone drank it. Prayers were then offered for the
happiness of the young couple, and the ceremony closed with the chanting of a hymn
and the Benediction.”<a href="#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></b></span></span></span></a></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Avedis
was a very successful cotton merchant in Liverpool. When Avedis Keuleyan was
beginning in cotton, he was fortunate enough to come across James Briggs.
Briggs took him into his Liverpool office of American cotton producer, Weld
& Co., where he was a working partner and a representative of the
firm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Briggs </span><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">had
served his apprenticeship with the Liverpool cotton firm of M. Belcher &
Co., before joining Liverpool's Ralli Brothers. In 1899 he joined Weld &
Co's Liverpool branch which was being established in this year. <a href="#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="color: #2a2a2a; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a> His experience in the
industry gave Avedis a welcome introduction and boost of knowledge to draw on
and it wasn’t long before their business association turned to friendship.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In 1904
another one of those sensational court cases involving Armenians<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>briefly took the public’s attention away from
the ordinary and mundane of life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
time it was about Avedis. Headlined as an <i>“Eastern Romance: A Story of
Assassination, Prison and Bribery”</i> it is one of the many heroic tales that
have long been forgotten.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I reproduce
the entire story here.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A Romance of the East.</span><a href="#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">By H.L. Adam.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Being the remarkable drama
of real life which lay hidden behind a prosaic Chancery Court action. It is a
story full of tragic happenings, including assassination, false imprisonment,
and much intrigue, and throws a lurid light upon the administration of justice
in Turkey.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“In the Chancery Court
presided over by Mr. Justice Warrington there was heard an action in which an
Armenian gentleman, named Avedis Kenleyan <i>[Liz Chater note: this is
regularly mis-spelt, and should read Keuleyan]</i>, claimed from the estate of
Mrs. Balian, his mother-in-law, money expended on her behalf. In the court of
the evidence Mr. Kenleyan was requested to name two Turkish officials whom he
stated he had bribed in order to secure his freedom from a Turkish prison. This
he refused to do, as such a course would imperil his life. Eventually he was
induced to write the names on a slip of paper, which was placed in an envelope
and handed to the judge, who gave his word that nobody else should see what was
written. In the end a verdict was given for him for the amount claimed.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The above report in a daily
newspaper somewhat piqued my curiosity, for it appeared to suggest a very great
deal more than it actually stated. It seemed to point, in fact, to a very
romantic story, so I decided to investigate the matter. I succeeded in discovering
the whereabouts of the Armenian gentleman mentioned, Avedis Kenleyan, who was
residing with his wife at the London suburb of Shepherd’s Bush. I communicated
with him by letter, and in response received a cordial invitation to visit him.
It was on a Sunday evening that I found myself in a very prettily furnished
apartment, in which the glittering taste of the East was the predominant
feature, and Mrs. Kenleyan were present – both typical Armenians, and both
young. For several hours I sat listening to the unravelling of one of the most
remarkable stories of modern times which have ever been told. The gentleman was
the narrator, and was occasionally prompted by his wife. The whole narrative
was given in such a simple, unaffected manner that I have not the least doubt
of its absolute truth. I think it best to present the story, as far as
possible, in the words of Mr. Kenleyan himself, who was the chief actor in it.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">My wife is the daughter of
the late Mrs. Mariam Balian. A short while ago my mother-in-law had a brother,
Garabed Baliozian, living in Paris and another brother, Matheos, living in
Smyrna. The latter had sons and a daughter. Suddenly Garabed Baliozian died in
Paris, intestate <i>[Liz Chater note: although it was established he had at
least £100,000 worth of assets in Turkey, this equates in 2022 to around £11
million]</i>. It was known to Mrs. Balian that he had left property, but in
what form and to what extent she was unaware. According to Turkish law this property
would have to be divided, two thirds going to the nearest male heir and one
third to the nearest female heir, these two being respectively Matheos
Baliozian and Mrs. Balian. Matheos decided to take charge of the whole estate,
administering it himself, and to this my mother-in-law agreed.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">At this period the Armenian
revolutionaries were very turbulent and serious trouble had arisen between
their different factions, several murders having been committed by them even in
England, at your place called Peckham. <i>[On the evening of October 26<sup>th</sup>,
1903, Sagatel Sagouni, a wealthy member of the Armenian Central Committee at
Peckham, was shot outside his lodgings at Nunhead. The assassin escaped. On the
afternoon of November 4<sup>th</sup>, Aram Gregorian and Tigran Ismirian two
other Armenians, were shot at Peckham Rye while on their way to a meeting. The
assassin, finding escape impossible, turned his revolver on himself and
committed suicide. He was an Armenian known as “Yorgie Yannie,” but this name
was thought to be an alias.]</i> Matheos in Smyrna was aiding the Government in
suppressing the revolutionaries by giving them information concerning their
whereabouts and intentions. This got to the knowledge of the Revolutionary
Committee, and an anonymous letter was sent to Matheos warning him to desist
from this line of conduct, as the affair could be no concern of his. This
letter he ignored, whereupon a second letter was sent to him of a more
threatening nature. This missive also Matheos heeded not. Finally he received a
third letter, in which his life was definitely threatened. The document
informed him that, unless he at once acceded to their wishes, one of the
brotherhood, who had been selected for that purpose, would take his life.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Even this disconcerting
communication Matheos stolidly ignored. One morning, however, about eight
o’clock, he was walking to his office, when he was accosted by a strange man,
who pleaded that he was in great distress through want of work and asked him if
he could help him to obtain employment. Matheos walked on, taking no notice of
the stranger. Suddenly the stranger produced a revolver and, taking quick aim,
shot him twice in the head and body. The unfortunate Matheos fell to the
ground, bleeding profusely, while his assailant made off at top speed. Before
the bystanders, attracted to the spot by the firing, could get Matheos to his
office, he had breathed his last.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The police did not take much
notice of the assassin (the police of Smyrna rarely exert themselves under such
circumstances), but a couple of men rushed from a café and threw two chairs
before the fleeing man, which brought him heavily to the ground. He was then
exhausted, and was easily secured. On examination he proved to be the same man
who had sent the threatening letters, and it was discovered that he was well
supplied with money to aid him to escape after killing Matheos.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The assassin was duly placed
on trial, found guilty, and sentenced to imprisonment for life. You may be
surprised that he was not sentenced to death; but executions are few in the
land of the Sultan. Before an execution can take place it must have the
acquiescence of that august monarch, who will rarely give his consent to the
death penalty being carried out. The murderer, therefore, went to prison, and
the last I heard of him he was having a very good time. This may also surprise
you, but imprisonment under these circumstances is a mere farce, and the
captives like it so well that they endeavour to lengthen in some way the period
of their incarceration! While in prison the murderer of Matheos was allowed
eight pounds a month by the Revolutionary Committee.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It now became necessary for
Mrs. Balian to be represented by somebody in Smyrna, and I accordingly
volunteered to journey thither on her behalf. To this, however, she demurred,
thinking it too risky. But I assured her that I had influential friends, who
would act on my behalf should ill befall me, and that my passport was in order,
and at length she consented. I set off for Smyrna accompanied by my wife. Arrived
there, I at once instituted inquiries, and soon discovered that there was as
much as thirty thousand pounds in cash lying in the bank of Messrs. Munro and
Co., of Paris and New York, to the credit of the estate. This unexpected
information I at once cabled over to Mrs. Balian. Soon after this I was one
morning sitting in the office of my solicitor at Smyrna, discussing the
business, when a police officer called and informed me that the chief of the
police desired to see me at his office. As this gentleman was – and is – a
personal friend of mine, I had not the slightest hesitation in accompanying the
messenger to the police head quarters. There I was conducted into a small room
and kept waiting for some time. The chief’s apartments were on the first floor,
but the chief himself did not appear, so I sat there patiently, expecting every
moment to be conducted upstairs. Instead of this, however, another officer came
in, and I was taken away to a district police station without seeing my friend.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It was then that I first
began to have misgivings, and I inquired of my custodian what it all meant. By
way of reply I received the staggering intelligence that I should have to
proceed at once to Constantinople. I asked the reason, but the officer would
not explain. Then I requested that a message might be sent to my wife to summon
her. The message was taken, but when my wife arrived she was not permitted to
see me. She prepared a few things for my journey, however, and sent them to me.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There is a very good service
of boats running between Smyrna and Constantinople, a distance of something
over two hundred miles. They are French and German vessels, but the ship I was
placed on was a Turkish craft, which took very much longer over the journey.
The reason for this I discovered after. Had I gone on board one of the other
boats I could have refused to disembark, nor could the Turks have compelled me
to do so, for I should then have been on foreign soil, so to speak.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">At my own expense I was
allowed a cabin, and a custodian accompanied me from Smyrna. It took us over
three days to reach Constantinople, where we were met on the quay by two or
three local police officers, and I was conducted through the streets to the
police head quarters. Taken into a room, I was brought before an official of
some sort, who put a few questions to me to confirm my identity. Again I made a
request that I might be enlightened as to why I had been carried away in this
high-handed manner, but no explanation was vouchsafed me. I was told to give up
all the valuables I had upon me, which consisted of twenty pounds, a watch and
chain, and other trinkets. I inquired the reason for this, and was told that
there were people where I was going to whom this property might be a
temptation.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">My doubts and fears now
became greatly intensified, and my mind was filled with a strange foreboding. I
had left my Smyrna guard behind on the boat, and the police officers who then
took charge of me handed me over, in accordance with the instructions of the
official at head quarters – a kind of magistrate – to a gaoler, and I was taken
to a prison adjoining. My gaoler was dressed in ordinary civilian clothes,
minus collar and tie, but wore a badge on his coat lapel by way of uniform. We
first went through a big wooden door into a small courtyard, then down a short
flight of steps, through another door, when we came to an iron gate, with a
long chain and keys attached. This place, I discovered, is what is called a
“remand prison.” It had once been the stable of a Pasha, and was filthily
dirty.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">When we came to that
forbidding looking iron door I think my alarm must have been depicted plainly
on my face, for my gaoler proceeded jocosely to reassure me.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“There, there, little man;
don’t be afraid!” he said “They all look like that when they first come here.
You’ll be all right; keep up your heart.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">And with that remark he
threw open the iron door, revealing a number of circular apartments, with a
central corridor running through them. A mob of about one hundred and fifty
prisoners greeted our entrance with looks of inquiry, for the arrival of a new
inmate is always an event in this dreadful place.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“Let me see’ you’re from
Smyrna, are you not?” queried my gaoler. “Ah, well, there’s a neighbour of
yours upstairs; perhaps you know him.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">He led the way up a wooden
staircase into a room. There was not a stick of furniture in it; only about a
dozen rough shake-down beds for the occupants. It turned out, curiously enough,
that I did know the Smyrna prisoner referred to by the gaoler, who, after
ushering me in, returned down the stairs. It was fortunate for me that I met
this man, for from him I obtained some valuable information concerning the
place I now found myself in and the persons who guarded it. As I have said, it
was nominally a remand prison, but the mockery of the word “remand” may be
realized when I state that some of my fellow prisoners had been languishing in
this pest hole between two and three years awaiting a trial! Others had
disappeared and never been seen again. I have more to say concerning this point
presently. The prison, I discovered, is used for the reception of all kinds of
persons who may be regarded by certain individuals as “undesirable,” including
those officials of the Royal palace who have fallen out of favour or may have
been guilty of some indiscretion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
allowance of foods is two small loaves of bread a day and soup once a week.
Prisoners may purchase other food from the outside, but to such an extent are
the wretched inmates robbed by those who cater for them that they must be well
supplied with money to be able to indulge in this luxury.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I was not allowed any
writing materials, but managed to write letters in pencil on pieces of paper I
had with me. At first, also, I was not permitted to receive any visitors, and
if I required any of the money I had left with the officials I had to make
written application for it, being careful to sign myself “prisoner.” The
maximum sum allowed to be applied for at one time was three dollars, but a
prisoner rarely received more than one dollar of this, the coin being thrown in
to him, with the laconic observation “A dollar!” No amount of protest will
bring the other two.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">My first anxiety was to get
into communication with some of my friends, and I was not sorry to learn from my
fellow prisoner from Smyrna that first night that the gaolers in this estimable
establishment were open to bribes. Inwardly resolving to lose no opportunity of
availing myself of this means of getting into touch with the outside world, I
fell into a troubled sleep. About midnight I was rudely awakened, and told to
accompany a gaoler, who conducted me to an adjoining court. I can compare this
building with your Newgate as it once was, with court and prison adjacent. In
the apartment I was taken to I found, awaiting my arrival, a president (judge)
five or six assistants (jurymen), and a secretary (prosecuting counsel). A
prisoner is not allowed to employ an advocate to defend him. I was treated very
roughly, and searching questions were put to me by the secretary, the present
the whole time writing upon sheets of paper. I answered the questions to best
of my ability, gave them my history, and told them that I was an ordinary
commercial man, carrying on business at Liverpool. I also explained why I came
to Smyrna, and so on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was asked if I
had ever been to Paris, and I said that I had.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“Why did you leave it?”
demanded the secretary.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“Because I thought it better
to do so,” I replied.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The secretary seemed to
think he had caught me.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“Ah! But why?” he reiterated.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“Because,” I explained,
“Paris is a place of pleasure, a place in which to spend money; the one does
not appeal to me, the other I have not got. Therefore I deemed it advisable to
quit Paris.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This answer seemed to
suffice. At the conclusion of my examination I was directed to sign what the
president had been writing without being allowed to read it first, and was then
hustled back to prison. This is a custom with them, I have found – suddenly to
arouse a prisoner in the middle of the night and subject him to a rigorous
verbal overhauling, with a view to getting him to commit himself in his then
dazed condition. It is the French Criminal Code applied to Turkish laws.
Altogether I was subjected to five of these examinations – the last one
occupying five hours – each successive one being less brutal in tone than its
predecessor, as my innocence dawned by degrees upon the unwilling minds of the
officials. The first act I accomplished towards my own liberation was – by
means of a bribe of ten shillings – getting a letter posted by the gaoler to a
friend of mine in Smyrna, and thus starting a train of inquiries. I
subsequently induced this same gaoler to post several other letters to friends
for the comparatively small charge of a shilling each.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I think at this stage it
will be as well if I make reference to some of the luckless prisoners with whom
I came in contact during my period of incarceration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One day there was introduced into our room a
young Greek. He had been there only a few days when he was taken away again. He
was absent some time, and was then suddenly thrust back into my room in an
unconscious condition. He lay in this lethargic state for some time, but at
last regained consciousness. I then questioned him as to what had happened.
This was his story. He was a money-changer, carrying on business not far from
the prison. One morning, on going to his shop, he found the place in possession
of the police; it had been broken into and the safe rifled, some hundreds of
pounds being missing. The police promptly took the proprietor into custody,
charging him with instigating the robbery! When he was removed from my room, as
I have already described, he was taken away to be tortured into making a
confession. He was flogged, beaten and spiked sticks, and scalding hot eggs
were placed under his armpits. He was also strapped in a room beneath some
dripping, scalding water, his position being so arranged that the water fell
drop by drop upon that part of his head where the scalp was exposed through
partial baldness. This maddening torture was continued for hours. During these
cruelties he was repeatedly called upon to confess, but continued to protest
that he was innocent. Then he was confronted with a bogus confederate, who told
him to his face that he had bribed him to commit the robbery, but the victim of
this twentieth-century inquisition still continued his protestations of
innocence, until insensibility overtook him. Finally he was taken back to
prison, as I have described. When I left he was still there, and one does not
like to speculate as to what may have happened to the unfortunate man since.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Upon another occasion a new
guest arrived, loaded with expensive jewelry, the value of which I estimated at
about two thousand pounds. One diamond ring alone must have been worth quite
five hundred pounds. I learnt that he was from the Royal palace, an official
who had fallen out of favour, and whom it was deemed advisable to “remove.” He
made a great disturbance, asking why he, who had always enjoyed such privileges
in the palace, should be thus ignominiously treated. They put him in a room by
himself but he continued to create a great disturbance, so he was taken away
altogether. I afterwards learned that he was being subjected to the most
unspeakable tortures, which, after the marks I saw upon the mangled body of the
poor young Greek, was sufficient information for me, without being further
particularized.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">As I have said, many
prisoners disappear altogether, and there can be no doubt that they find a
watery grave in the Bosphorus.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I need hardly mention that
all this was not calculated to add to my own personal comfort or ease of mind.
At my fifth examination, however, the president was quite cordial towards me
and assured me that there could not now be much doubt concerning my innocence,
and that my release would not be long delayed.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“but,” said he, gravely, “I
am afraid you will have to remain in prison for a few days longer for certain
formalities to be observed.” Then, with a smile, he asked, “Are you comfortable
there?”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I said that I was as
comfortable as could be expected under the circumstances, and that I would
prefer to be free. I then thought that this was a good opportunity to try and
find out why I had been imprisoned, and told the president that I had a right
to know. He agreed that I had, and proceeded to show me a telegram. It was
written by a “Turkish Consul” (which is another name for a spy of the Sultan)
in Paris to the Minister of Police at Constantinople, and ran something like
this: “I have been informed that an Armenian named Avedis Kenleyan has arrived
in Smyrna recently, that he is a member of the Revolutionary Committee, and
intends to organize a wide system of revolt.” Upon the strength of this the
chief of police at Constantinople wired to the head of the police at Smyrna:
“Arrest Avedis Kenleyan and bring him under escort to Constantinople.” I began
to see light.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">After reading the telegram I
was conducted back to prison where I was waited upon by two so-called “Brokers”
– men who offer, for a monetary consideration, to mediate between you and the
prison authorities with a view to your speedy liberation. At first I thought it
was to be merely a friendly act, but when No. 1 broker asked nine hundred
pounds as his price my suspicions were aroused, and I told him at once that I
was not disposed to spend any money to obtain my liberty, because I had not got
it to spend. Broker No. 2 was more considerate, and offered to accomplish my
deliverance for five hundred pounds, but, like his predecessor, he went empty
away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soon after this my gaoler, who had
noticed these visits, and who had exhibited a certain kindly consideration for
me lately – his sympathy, no doubt, having been quickened by my numerous bribes
– took me on one side and confidentially warned me against doing business with
these “brokers.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“They will take your money,
but you will not gain your liberty.” He was good enough to explain.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I assured him that I had not
the slightest intention of negotiating with them. I further mentioned that my
release would be officially accomplished in a few days, and I referred to my
interview with the easy going president. Then he became still more
confidential.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“In spite of that, my young
friend,” he said, impressively, “you may yet be here a very long time. I can
assure you that this is a very difficult placed to get out of.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The inherent truth of these
words, after all that I had seen, struck me speechless.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“But there is a way out,” he
continued, in an undertone. “Now, be candid with me, for I am willing to
befriend you. How much are you really prepared to pay to secure your speedy
release?”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I felt instinctively that
this man was to be trusted, and that this really was a way out of the trouble.
So said that I was willing to give a hundred pounds. He thought a few moments,
and then said:-</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“It can be done!”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“But first you must
remember,” I put in, “that while I am confined here I am unable to obtain the
money. If you release me, under an agreed arrangement, I can get the money from
a friend of mine in Constantinople. But I must be released first.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“It can be arranged.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Saying which, he left me. He
was absent an hour or two, when he returned and said</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“Yes, it will be done.
Remember, none of this money is for me. It will be divided between two
officials.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“Then”, said I, “for your
trouble I will give you five pounds.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">He was pleased with my generosity
and departed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">At two o’clock the following
morning I was conducted to the court, where I was received by the secretary.
One our two selves were present at the interview, and a plan of operations was
arranged for my departure. My gratuity was to be equally divided between the
secretary and a higher official, whose office I need not mention. A few hours
later I left the prison in the company of an official, called at my friend’s
house, obtained the money, and handed it over. Then some difficulty arose
concerning my passport, which I had left behind in Smyrna. This was overcome,
however, by their sending a detective with me, and so at last I got back to
Smyrna. I had spent three weeks in prison, but my release was a record, for no
prisoner had ever before been known to come out under forty days.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I soon discovered the whole
truth of my mysterious arrest and imprisonment. The fact of my cabling to Mrs.
Balian concerning the money at the bank came to the knowledge of the sons of
Matheos, who had obtained the information by bribing the postal authorities.
This incensed them against me, and one of them journeyed to Paris and
endeavoured to obtain possession of the whole of the money. The bank, however,
would not deliver up the cash without an investigation. At this stage of the
proceedings the son encountered the “Consul”, or spy, and by means of a large
bribe induced him to send the telegram I had seen in Constantinople – the
object, of course, being to get me out of the way or even suppress me
altogether.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The message, as it reached
my friend the chief of police at Smyrna, was an order without an explanation,
so that he had to sink friendship to do his duty. Hence his non appearance upon
the scene.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""Arial Narrow",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Immediately upon my return
to Smyrna I set to work again to see that Mrs. Balian came by her own, and at
length had everything in order. Three days after, however, Mrs. Balian died!
The trustees refused to allow my claim against the estate, hence the action
mentioned in the first paragraph of this story in which I was successful.</span></p>
<span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The
trustee in the estate of Mariam Balian, was her son Mihran,<a href="#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a>
Avedis’s brother-in-law, and it was he who refused Avedis’s claim. One can only
imagine the hurt and anger Virginie felt at this deliberate snub to her husband,
particularly given everything he went through to try and secure the assets of
Mariam’s estate at the risk to his own life. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This
whole incident is likely to have caused untold angst between Virginie and
Mihran, and perhaps she reflected that unhappiness in her will; she left his
family nothing from her estate. There was only a small share from her mother’s
estate directed to Mirhan’s daughter Lucy. There was nothing left to her jealous
and scheming Baliozian cousins Carnik and Vahan, and it must have been
extremely painful for her to learn that Carnik was directly involved in the
detention of Avedis, when her mother had so warmly and openly welcomed Carnik
into the family home to stay whilst he was in business in London between 1890
and 1897. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWFv08ZaBeBBDiWkN85W6DP-78qKUBblSmWZvdlARJNw3EJ03pd4-hOMqvy12S-R7gDOti9efzqkadHyokP6GOGi1lS5J8dwf4GTOaz6dWcmDk0U9NAKvwl3bnu-rgYdA_VNovC-NCyYXTG_Q49dkbKpafYnzZ9ryIKWdg8jDlSsvADmKWZP1lvM7k/s730/1904%20march%2022%20london%20gazette%20notice%20for%20mariam%20or%20may%20balian%20of%201%20woodstock%20road.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="615" data-original-width="730" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWFv08ZaBeBBDiWkN85W6DP-78qKUBblSmWZvdlARJNw3EJ03pd4-hOMqvy12S-R7gDOti9efzqkadHyokP6GOGi1lS5J8dwf4GTOaz6dWcmDk0U9NAKvwl3bnu-rgYdA_VNovC-NCyYXTG_Q49dkbKpafYnzZ9ryIKWdg8jDlSsvADmKWZP1lvM7k/s320/1904%20march%2022%20london%20gazette%20notice%20for%20mariam%20or%20may%20balian%20of%201%20woodstock%20road.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Statutory Estate Notice of Mariam Balian<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There’s
some interesting pieces of correspondence in the Gulbenkian Foundation archives
between Mihran Balian and Calouste Gulbenkian regarding the property of Mariam’s
late brother Garabed Baliozian; property she inherited on his death, and upon
her death, fell to Mirhan, as executor, to try and realise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This situation continued on for several years
after the death of Mariam and later Avedis, whose attempts to help his
mother-in-law almost cost him his life. I am once again grateful to Professor
Jonathan Conlin for sharing his research notes with me in this matter. Anyone
interested in this aspect of the story should consult the Calouste Gulbenkian
Archives, but the following notes taken by Professor Conlin, clearly indicate
Mihan’s focus and determination to gain this property spanned many years.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Correspondence from Mihran Balian (3 Earl's Court
Mansion) to Calouste Gulbenkian, 18/5/14 </span><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Has been trying to recover part of estate of late
uncle Garabed Baliozian in Turkey to which "we" are entitled. Calouste
Gulbenkian will recall that when he bought Manissa Farm from Serko Baliozian a
few years ago, Calouste Gulbenkian met with Mihran Balian and suggested
"an offer to purchase a claim to a share of the buildings on the Farm
standing in the name of our late Mother, which suggestion, for reasons with
which I need not trouble you, was not then proceeded with." Now describes
this property, consisting of flour mill, stables, offices and freeholder ground
on which they stand. From title deeds is clear they have claim to 1/3 of rental
for certain leased orchards, public house and gardens. Calouste Gulbenkian’s
representative at Manisa is disputing claims. Suggests their lawyers meet.</span><a name="_Ref115094312"></a><a href="#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Ref115094312;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Ref115094312;"></span><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Balian to Calouste Gulbenkian, 20/5/14 </span><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Odd tone to this letter. CSG clearly has argued
that MB's information/sources are incorrect, Balian happy to await further
reports from Manisa. "For years past" has studiously avoided
bothering CSG, "though, on one of two occasions, a very <u>slight</u>
effort on your part, had I asked for it, owuld have proved <u>invaluable</u>
and saved me and mine <u>much</u>!" Why say this? Ends by stating he
trusts CSG will act, as he says, in fairness. </span><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[Other, bland letters from Balian, unclear how
issue was resolved.]</span><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">19 above</span><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[Various letters from Balian 1915/1
complaining that Calouste Gulbenkian’s representative in Turkey refuses to
accept properties whose sale they agreed on Calouste Gulbenkian’s behalf, and
as CSG won't pay him under transfer is complete sale is abortive.
Representative does not need Power of Attorney to accept.]</span><a href="#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Mihran Balian to Calouste Gulbenkian, 17/4/19 </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Informing him of new London address, now 44
Longridge Road, in lieu of 243 Cromwell Road. "Though it appears unlikely
that you should desire to communicate with me, I have thought it well, in case
of such remote contingency, to write and say that my address is now as
above." </span><a href="#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Avedis
and Virginie continued to live in Liverpool where Avedis built up his cotton
manufacturing business.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were able
to lead a comfortable, and at times, extravagant lifestyle. The unexpected
premature death at home of Avedis in December 1917 of a ruptured splenic cyst
and heart failure<a href="#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a>
turned Virginie’s world on its axis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Virginie was sole beneficiary and executrix of his will, and Probate was
granted to her a year later in December 1918.<a href="#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmsbfQsuvhDMQNH5TERTve8VooZpyhzyfNArgTbuJsJQS6K9SqqartUV06G9KA6ZKYSmpa7EaaC9hOB00W6aux9HQiceqxtAMHEGm60c9ozQAl0BJlSn9KFbCehc3om82M-r8dasEiCiOw-seAGmiTgBDX6AXyrxGU6SMRNSwwAaJb01L6RvXKo7Ph/s1109/KEULEYAN%20WILL%20EXTRACT%20OF%20AVEDIS-A.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="311" data-original-width="1109" height="90" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmsbfQsuvhDMQNH5TERTve8VooZpyhzyfNArgTbuJsJQS6K9SqqartUV06G9KA6ZKYSmpa7EaaC9hOB00W6aux9HQiceqxtAMHEGm60c9ozQAl0BJlSn9KFbCehc3om82M-r8dasEiCiOw-seAGmiTgBDX6AXyrxGU6SMRNSwwAaJb01L6RvXKo7Ph/s320/KEULEYAN%20WILL%20EXTRACT%20OF%20AVEDIS-A.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extract from the Will of Avedis Keuleyan<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Every
year, on the anniversary of his death, Virginie never failed to put a memoriam
notice in multiple newspapers; local ones in Liverpool, and national papers
such as The Times. It said the same thing on each occasion:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In loving memory of
my beloved husband, AVEDIS KEULEYAN, of Liverpool and Smyrna, December 16,
1917.</span></i></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">My lips speak my
words, and my smiles</span></i></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Are for all friends
to see;</span></i></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">But my heart, and
my thoughts, and my tears</span></i></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Are for thee; are
for thee.</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Although
a woman of wealth and prosperity, Virginie remained grounded. She particularly
cherished the friendship she had developed with a local young woman in
Liverpool. Nellie Valance, a florist from a very modest background, found
herself enjoying the company and companionship of Virginie Keuleyan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the very first time they met in Nellie’s
flower shop, the two women struck up a warm and unique friendship. Virginie and
her husband Avedis regularly invited Nellie to their home in Coronation Avenue,
Great Crosby, Liverpool where the three of would enjoy Sundays together. Even
after Avedis died in 1917, Virginie continued to look forward to her friend’s
visit; in Nellie’s recollections she said: “we used to joke and laugh a lot”. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Virginie’s
retreat in the south of France was a house on a hill with fantastic panoramic
views to the town below and uninterrupted sea views going for miles into the
horizon. <i>‘Castel Florea’ </i>in Villefranches-sur-Mer was Virginie’s
sanctuary and hideaway following the unexpected and shocking death of her
beloved husband Avedis in 1917.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuzqM_Ong93559rs70kmWvp9wd51xFz34dSFFiocSvROU0VB_MvtBvHrrcV08Msfh4vF2Kvh6pzN-2yjxvJhrMzj0LJvNsTiCDPBGG-UBA4XSa5S7umqKzuOGTBpBKdf5ASsgcjn3SNERhhCL4D4q3E8EAFWdIA-TdQn_x-ZaEUeiRdSam_X86DvGw/s1689/Castel%20Flores,%20in%20Villefranches-sur-Mer,%20now%20refurbished%20previously%20owned%20by%20virginie%20keuleyan.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1689" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuzqM_Ong93559rs70kmWvp9wd51xFz34dSFFiocSvROU0VB_MvtBvHrrcV08Msfh4vF2Kvh6pzN-2yjxvJhrMzj0LJvNsTiCDPBGG-UBA4XSa5S7umqKzuOGTBpBKdf5ASsgcjn3SNERhhCL4D4q3E8EAFWdIA-TdQn_x-ZaEUeiRdSam_X86DvGw/s320/Castel%20Flores,%20in%20Villefranches-sur-Mer,%20now%20refurbished%20previously%20owned%20by%20virginie%20keuleyan.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Castel Florea, previously owned by Virginie Keuleyan<br /><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Image courtesy of </span><a href="https://cotedazurfrance.fr"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">https://cotedazurfrance.fr</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">She
moved there permanently around 1927 and it was a home full of life and happy
entertainment. There were many other Armenian families who had made their homes
in the south of France and as the Keuleyan’s were well known and successful
traders,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>there’s no doubt Virginie’s
popularity continued there as it did in England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She employed a large number of staff and had
a Russian chef. When Nellie was visiting Virginie in <i>‘Castel Florea’</i> he
used to make special English dishes for her. From the private landing stage, situated
at the foot of the house on a private section of the coastline, Virginie would
take Nellie exploring around the beaches and coves nearby. Nellie was always a
very welcome and regular visitor, Virginie enjoyed her company so much.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">As
idyllic and perfect as <i>‘Castel Florea’</i> was, life changed for everyone
when WW2 broke out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nellie recalls
Virginie was taken prisoner by the Germans in Belgrade. She was interned and
the occupying army smashed up <i>‘Castel Florea’</i>. Nellie remembers “that
left its mark on her.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">After
the war, Virginie made only a couple of trips back to Liverpool and every year
Nellie sent flowers to Virginie, towards the end, Virginie wasn’t able to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>respond and relied on her staff to describe
them to her. Virginie died on 30<sup>th</sup> May 1951 at <i>‘Castle Florea’</i>.
Her remains were brought from the south of France to Manchester, and she was
laid to rest in the Armenian section of the city Cemetery, side-by-side with
her late beloved husband Avedis. A deeply religious person, the funeral was
conducted according to the Armenian Church, the only non-Armenians in
attendance were Virginie’s solicitor and Nellie.</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwfyDC8vBkwKbKc1EuXxP686pX7MI_TOcYAwIb9qYTJQZ_qJXiV3u3iIrVsfb3IEh4hvcW4Tcpabu2SUAPb66kEjBWKM9TiKuTTDKF8nJWCB3pEwVoz-NTUuhvb6JUiQRMsYxKfIH_RVqR8h3XvlNGFQHTvUxHzB8FxY1bPtw5cc6UECb1LYHV-lPa/s5152/grave%20of%20avedis%20keuleyan%20in%20manchester%20via%20findagrave-01.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="5152" data-original-width="3864" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwfyDC8vBkwKbKc1EuXxP686pX7MI_TOcYAwIb9qYTJQZ_qJXiV3u3iIrVsfb3IEh4hvcW4Tcpabu2SUAPb66kEjBWKM9TiKuTTDKF8nJWCB3pEwVoz-NTUuhvb6JUiQRMsYxKfIH_RVqR8h3XvlNGFQHTvUxHzB8FxY1bPtw5cc6UECb1LYHV-lPa/s320/grave%20of%20avedis%20keuleyan%20in%20manchester%20via%20findagrave-01.jpeg" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tombstone of Avedis Keuleyan. <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">Southern Cemetery,
Chorlton-Cum-Hardy, Manchester copyright of user: Bob the Greenacre
Cat.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjLL5BWIwKyV9ww8qQmEbmyzIpa59eYg7_DQhr4D7efvZLIO5MEnsuljUvCr3DCuYmMW_zaXVAK8Uh_yrbi4uZmog4886fbcU3hAZqWj34Gb-wIh4FhxF2hfYRuy23yT6ya-bSSpFx3butQ3IDy3epXCi1s9sPUljcoglDsJthx2HtbLtnn9OUmWgA/s5152/grave%20of%20virginie%20keuleyan%20in%20manchester%20via%20findagrave-02.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="5152" data-original-width="3864" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjLL5BWIwKyV9ww8qQmEbmyzIpa59eYg7_DQhr4D7efvZLIO5MEnsuljUvCr3DCuYmMW_zaXVAK8Uh_yrbi4uZmog4886fbcU3hAZqWj34Gb-wIh4FhxF2hfYRuy23yT6ya-bSSpFx3butQ3IDy3epXCi1s9sPUljcoglDsJthx2HtbLtnn9OUmWgA/s320/grave%20of%20virginie%20keuleyan%20in%20manchester%20via%20findagrave-02.jpeg" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tombstone of Virginie Keuleyan. <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">Southern Cemetery,
Chorlton-Cum-Hardy, Manchester copyright of user: Bob the Greenacre
Cat.</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1R6AeCwfbfISe83O6o8IxCiKHHTQBh5Kx9YhAqYoAis8t5ta4-KhbPjyOsn0tflr_x0EHLh8B-S9FARQbbFnf3PAXEW5lTWl-n516qPjeVvc9KvAHP_M8qlBr8-pbx8fvx-pqyPn039G_wTxSm01-8ipLQIGbfy4R4weZpykaJ2iANzzJlntZK1Fe/s5152/grave%20of%20virginie%20keuleyan%20in%20manchester%20via%20findagrave-01.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="5152" data-original-width="3864" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1R6AeCwfbfISe83O6o8IxCiKHHTQBh5Kx9YhAqYoAis8t5ta4-KhbPjyOsn0tflr_x0EHLh8B-S9FARQbbFnf3PAXEW5lTWl-n516qPjeVvc9KvAHP_M8qlBr8-pbx8fvx-pqyPn039G_wTxSm01-8ipLQIGbfy4R4weZpykaJ2iANzzJlntZK1Fe/s320/grave%20of%20virginie%20keuleyan%20in%20manchester%20via%20findagrave-01.jpeg" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tombstone of Virginie Keuleyan. <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">Southern Cemetery,
Chorlton-Cum-Hardy, Manchester copyright of user: Bob the Greenacre
Cat.</span></span><br /><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">Grateful
to the volunteer contributors of findagrave.com whose daily uploads help all of
us attempting to piece our family history together.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These images of the tombstone of Virginie
and Avedis Keuyleyan are situated at the Southern Cemetery,
Chorlton-Cum-Hardy, Manchester and are copyright of user: Bob the Greenacre
Cat.<br />
</span><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/147460734/avedis-keuleyan"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/147460734/avedis-keuleyan</span></a></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Nellie observed
that little was known of Virginie’s work for charity in Liverpool. She did a
lot of good work, very quietly, while she was living in Great Crosby. After her
death, Virginie left a number of very generous bequests in her will, Nellie
received £1,000, the equivalent amount at today’s values would be in excess of
£30,000. Virginie’s housekeeper, Ann Stewart, also received a £1,000 legacy. There
were others too of £5,000 each to the Liverpool Church of England Cathedral
Building Fund and the same amount to be applied for charitable institutions or
objects in Liverpool, to be distributed by her executors and trustees. The
residue of her estate was also left to Liverpool based charitable institutions
to be selected by her trustees. In essence, Liverpool had given her a good
life, she’d had a brief, but wonderful marriage to Avedis, Virginie had
embraced Liverpool as her home and she wanted to continue to help people in
that city, long after she had died. This resulted in the creation of the </span><a href="https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search/-/charity-details/4045026/charity-overview"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Virginie Keuleyan Charitable Trust</span></i></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> and it is good to see it is continuing
to uphold and fulfil her wishes today.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Avedis’s early mentor, James Briggs and his wife <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>became life-long friends, and Virginie
remembered her friend May Briggs in her will. Unfortunately, May had died about
a year prior to Virginie, but she wasn’t aware of that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>James Briggs had retired from the cotton
industry in 1916, when Avedis was at his most successful. The legacy to May
Briggs had been a complete surprise; James hadn’t heard from Virginie for many
years and had no idea she had remembered his wife in her will.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Additional legacies of £1,500 each were left to the
Royal Infirmary Hospital, Liverpool; <br />
St. Mary’s Hospital, Paddington, London; and <br />
St. Thomas’s Hospital, London <br />
<br />
respectively to endow a bed in each institution in memory of her husband. A
further generous bequest was left by Virginie to her loyal secretary of 25
years, Agop Mardirossian, of Villefranche-sur-Mer of £20,000. Other staff in
the south of France were also remembered; Vincent Eghinian was left £2,000, and
her house servants Marie Antonnuicci and Jemima Antonnuicci were left £1,000
each. Also receiving £1,000 was Alice Khorasandjan of Athens; and Harriet
Mardirossian of Castel Florea, Villefranche, received £3,000. One hundred
Pounds was left to the Armenian Church for funeral expenses. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The executors were requested to use a £500
legacy to ensure the grave of her and her late husband,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and the monument erected on it was kept in
good order and condition. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.seetheholyland.net/church-of-st-james/"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Fifteen thousand
Pounds was left on trust for the rebuilding, repairing, enlarging, altering,
furnishing and equipping the Armenian Church of St. James, Jerusalem. [view the
church here].</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There were no children from her marriage to Avedis,
but Virginie did remember two of her siblings and their children.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY49VgTBiaCm-EvpbTYyJ0ZBCaskjG2vUlLNLCB_VwKyyi9hgn6Ih9ivvBa8ePgfTyoc9R9dvVclYu4_YuRvqolHOcRjL2oqNsXQkKAiB7dFikGMnXDs2LW76XMNXUzOjKhnu89sDtRaxI1po13xqPTZwdlqXr7_g8hWiDctpDxLj9hun70nTCYPtT/s934/KEULEYAN%20will%20extract-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="557" data-original-width="934" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY49VgTBiaCm-EvpbTYyJ0ZBCaskjG2vUlLNLCB_VwKyyi9hgn6Ih9ivvBa8ePgfTyoc9R9dvVclYu4_YuRvqolHOcRjL2oqNsXQkKAiB7dFikGMnXDs2LW76XMNXUzOjKhnu89sDtRaxI1po13xqPTZwdlqXr7_g8hWiDctpDxLj9hun70nTCYPtT/s320/KEULEYAN%20will%20extract-a.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extract from the Will of Virginie Keuleyan<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">She left £5,000 to her elusive brother Hosroff aka
Christopher Balian</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">She left £300 to her nephew Sarkis Balian, son of
her late brother Armenag. To her nieces Maria and Merien Balian, daughters of
her late brother Armenag, she also left £300 each.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">When Avedis died in 1917 he left an estate valued
at approximately £187,700, the equivalent values today would be approximately
£9 million. When Virginie died in 1951 she left an estate valued at approximately
£230,200, the equivalent values today would be approximately £7.5 million.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Today, the people of Liverpool quietly benefit from
the thoughtful legacy bequeathed to them by the extraordinary and resilient
Virginie Keuleyan who loved her husband and Liverpool passionately for the
happy memories they gave her.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Post Script.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I have already stated there is no definitive
evidence this Balian family are related to the famous Balian architects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That has still yet to be investigated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
What I have found is that when Nicholas Balian (who WAS of the architect family
of Balians) died in Constantinople in 1859, he was possessed of property in
England valued at £450.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Administration
of his English estate was granted at the Principal Registry in London on the 18<sup>th</sup>
October 1859, indicating that at some point during his lifetime, he had spent
time in England, something that has been overlooked in the history book reviews
of the Constantinople Balian’s.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">© Liz chater 2022</span></p><div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">London Evening Standard 14 August
1883</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
Book: <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mr. Five Per Cent. The
Many Lives of Calouste Gulbenkenian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Professor Jonathan Conlin</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Extremely grateful to Profession
Jonathan Conlin, author of “Mr. Five Per Cent. The Many Lives of Calouste
Gulbenkenian” who, through a short exchange of emails with me, generously
shared some of his working</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">notes taken
during the research process for the book.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In particular I have been able to make the connection between Calouste
and the family of Bedros Bey Balian because of one particular short note.
Extracted from the files at the Gulbenkian Foundation LIS00416: It </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">was a
flimsy-page outgoing letterbook, so there was the additional problem of fading</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">f. 23 Sarkis Gulbenkian, Istanbul,<b>to Khosrov Bey Balian</b>, London
7/?/1884? <br />
Almost illegible, owing to fading. <i><u>“How much did you pay for CSG`s food,
clothes, bedstead? I will pay all costs <b>to your father Badroy Bey Balian
here in Istanbul</b>. One Lira per a month enough as pocket money for CSG. ”</u></i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a> Book:
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mr. Five Per Cent. The Many Lives
of Calouste Gulbenkenian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a> L<span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ondon, England, Electoral Registers,
1832-1965</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1891 Census return</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">National Archives,
Kew. Naturalisation document.</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Commercial Gazette 8<sup>th</sup>
May 1895</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">St. James’s Gazette 28<sup>th</sup>
May 1898</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">England, United Grand Lodge
of England Freemason Membership Registers, 1751-1921</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">London Echo, 2<sup>nd</sup> April
1900</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Buckingham Express 15<sup>th</sup>
June 1901</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<h3><a href="#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" style="color: #1f3763; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 127;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">London,
England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1920</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></h3>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1939 Register</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Methodist Times July 1894</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Liverpool Cotton Industry, by Dr.
Nigel Hall. </span><a href="http://www.liverpoolcotton.com"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">www.liverpoolcotton.com</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Cotton Merchants and Importers</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Wide World Magazine 1904</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn18" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mariam’s will</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn19" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a>
Gulbenkian Foundation Archives. LDN00068. Gen. Corr. B. 1913-4<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn20" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a>
Gulbenkian Foundation Archives. <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">LDN00089.
Gen. Corr. B. 1915</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn21" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Gulbenkian Foundation Archives.
LDN00141. Gen. Corr. B. 1919-20</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn22" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Death certificate</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn23" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Avedis’s will</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p></p>Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-67628302462837256882022-05-01T18:53:00.006+01:002023-04-22T09:12:32.669+01:00Armenian Church Rangoon: The Lost Name<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Those of you interested in the Armenian community of
Rangoon will be familiar with the church name of St. John the Baptist. What is
less well known, is the name of the original church. The following may be something
my Armenian genealogy friends and followers may find useful.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Quite by chance, I was reviewing an issue of the Armenian
paper <i>Azgaser </i>with my good friend and <a href=" https://www.india-armenia.com/" target="_blank">Indio-Armenia co-ordinator, Karen Mkrtchyan, whose passion for anything India Armenian related is equal, if not more than my own.</a> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>The publication was dated March 1849. Inside
was a copy of a letter sent to Ter Carapiet Aviet Hakobian by the leading
members of the Armenian community in Rangoon dated 19 January, 1849, thanking
him for his service with the community for the last 5 years. It also went on to
mention that Ter Harutyun Hakobian Ter Karapietian has arrived to replace him
as the parish priest. But the most exciting part for me, was the fact this is
the church the community used prior to the devastating fire of 1850, when it,
and all that it contained, was lost in that ferocious inferno. The original
valuable church registers would have gone up in flames, removing any permanent
record of who made up the early Armenian community in Rangoon. <a href="http://chater-genealogy.blogspot.com/2014/09/armenians-in-rangoon.html" target="_blank">See an earlier story I wrote on Elizabeth Carapiet Jacob</a>.<span class="MsoHyperlink"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgblv_KWoRE7aQhSlIJZgtrkIfqrxMM3OnkpketWjTtn_VKxKchm9HyzDPFGqxNbiXhSuHyIYs1Q1m2148m20rAHjrilAKyEXYVvjLm--qwz6V-eOGK8qtt8_l_qDC8WTUV0F_ewuqMs5p0b9rh321cMS6MME9DWQX1WKol1QcTKZMOBAYjd-UnvdP/s1768/View-of-Rangoon-Colesworthy-Grant.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="874" data-original-width="1768" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgblv_KWoRE7aQhSlIJZgtrkIfqrxMM3OnkpketWjTtn_VKxKchm9HyzDPFGqxNbiXhSuHyIYs1Q1m2148m20rAHjrilAKyEXYVvjLm--qwz6V-eOGK8qtt8_l_qDC8WTUV0F_ewuqMs5p0b9rh321cMS6MME9DWQX1WKol1QcTKZMOBAYjd-UnvdP/w400-h198/View-of-Rangoon-Colesworthy-Grant.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br />Colesworthy Grant sketched the spire of the Armenian
Church Rangoon, built of wood, reputedly in 1766. It is the only known sketch
of the church prior to the fire in 1850.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>From his book: <i>“A Rough Trip to Rangoon in 1846”.</i><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4WtHxjkG4h4zMaVH_M8ph78AlwHuSeptRSRGVLT0WiuY-sx7kIlIzGA0tOITdxKB0iuBmnP0PmHTV2ep3rwKVA286deXRbvG1fI9cJmzpn3-45Z8r18Uz0FRT8hmG-M4WDMFPIUU8-wMM9lWPz4MvLn8jmzKKySRpP3mmzQWFOkbAyCz7ZSaLZSeG/s1085/AZGASER%20LETTER%205%20MARCH%201849%20RANGOON%20COMMUNITY.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1085" data-original-width="800" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4WtHxjkG4h4zMaVH_M8ph78AlwHuSeptRSRGVLT0WiuY-sx7kIlIzGA0tOITdxKB0iuBmnP0PmHTV2ep3rwKVA286deXRbvG1fI9cJmzpn3-45Z8r18Uz0FRT8hmG-M4WDMFPIUU8-wMM9lWPz4MvLn8jmzKKySRpP3mmzQWFOkbAyCz7ZSaLZSeG/w472-h640/AZGASER%20LETTER%205%20MARCH%201849%20RANGOON%20COMMUNITY.jpg" width="472" /></a></div><br /><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Precious pieces of history found in a thank-you letter.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The
names of two serving priests who pre-date anything previously known about
Rangoon</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The
names of leading members of the Armenian community in Rangoon</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The
full name of the Armenian Church Rangoon, which, until now, had been lost in
the passage of time.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Those members of the community were: <i>[anglicized names
in square brackets]</i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Senior Deacon Gabriel Yeghiazarian<br />
Stephanos A. Malkhasian <i>[Stephen A. Malchus]<br />
</i>Nikoghayos A. Hovhannes <i>[Nicholas A. Johannes]<br />
</i>Arakiel Ter Minasian <i>[Arakiel Ter Minas]<br />
</i>Karapet Hakobian <i>[Carapiet Jacob]<br />
</i>Avet Bijan Simon <i>[Aviet Bijohn Simon]<br />
</i>Harutyun Abraham of Shiraz <i>[Arratoon Abraham]<br />
</i>Yesayi Manukian <i>[Essai Manuk]<br />
</i>Stephanos Harutyunian <i>[Stephen Arratoon]<br />
</i>Grigor Sargis Manukian <i>[</i><i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Gregory
Sarkies Manuk]<br />
</span></i>Grigor Hovhannes of Shiraz<i>[Gregory Johannes]<br />
</i>S. G Hakobian <i>[S.G. Jacob]<br />
</i>Kh. H. Harutyun <i>[possibly Catchick H. Arratoon]<br />
</i>Harutyun K. Zakarian <i>[Arratoon K. Zacharia]<br />
</i>Petros Grigorian <i>[Peter Gregory]<br />
</i>Karapet Makchertich Harutyunian <i>[Carapiet Mackertich Arratoon]<br />
</i>Ghevond M. Avetoomian <i>[Levon M. Avetoom]<br />
</i>Alexianos Ter Gevorg <i>[Alexander Ter George]<br />
</i>Hovhannes Sarkies, <i>[Johannes Sarkies] </i>caretaker, <b>Sourb
Astvatsatsin </b>Armenian Church.<b><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Sourb Astvatsatsin translates to Սուրբ Աստվածածին Holy
Mother of God. </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">This is unequivocal evidence the Armenian Church Rangoon,
prior to the St. John The Baptist Church name, was called Holy Mother of God. <a href=" http://www.surbzoravor.am/" target="_blank">It could be said that it was named after what is now the oldest surviving church in Yerevan. </a></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">From a brief note of gratitude from the members of the
community, thanking Ter Carapiet for his service with them in the past 5 years,
and from which they have largely benefited; they went on to expressed their
heartfelt gratitude and passed on their good wishes to him for his future
endeavours; so much new and important information has been gleaned.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">With the original registers destroyed in 1850, the
community started new registers when the replacement church was built in 1862. Bad
luck would strike this church again 80 years later and the newly created original
registers for St. John the Baptist Church were also destroyed, this time during
WW2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Between 1942 and 1946 the community
was evacuated from Rangoon owing to the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There was no church or priest and the damaged church was reconstructed
and consecrated in June 1948. In the 1950’s, Johannes Stephen valiantly
attempted to re-create the birth/baptism, marriage and death/burial registers
purely from the recollections and physical contributions of the remaining
members of the Armenian Community in Rangoon, as well as those who had settled
in other places around the world. There are, of course, many gaps in the
records, making it frustrating for family history researchers. Had it not been
for this third attempt to record the community, it would be impossible to know
who had ever lived and worked in Rangoon from the Armenian community.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href=" https://search.fibis.org/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=1246" target="_blank">For those interested, I have recently donated some transcriptions of the death/burial records, which form part of the re-constructed register created by Johannes Stephen, for the Armenian community of Rangoon. These have been given to FIBIS and can be found here.</a> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="https://search.fibis.org/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_dataset&id=109&s_id=195" target="_blank">In addition, about 15 years ago, I donated Armenian baptism transcriptions and translations to FIBIS for the Armenian community of Calcutta for the dates 1793-1859, extracted by me from the original registers.These can be found here</a>. </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-80615689244896217292022-01-22T10:11:00.007+00:002022-01-22T10:11:41.896+00:00Hidden tombstone in Kolkata: Manuk Aratoon David<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjPUTh3pX-nGxwh8cX24nexvbneT5dZjihW8_Mjh8SfoTe_o4S4j8xEnTbG-ND5l0IJtO2hYcPVWGr-wGJfySTAgZ8-K4nabyrsAKF7FPvBeJuraRGbPlGq2tU6_kmzgEx5d3nvh4jxz1xwlU05lUzHLWcN7VBSny2Jk0JlyJ76yR2_JcCZxIJuASz5=s1650" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1275" data-original-width="1650" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjPUTh3pX-nGxwh8cX24nexvbneT5dZjihW8_Mjh8SfoTe_o4S4j8xEnTbG-ND5l0IJtO2hYcPVWGr-wGJfySTAgZ8-K4nabyrsAKF7FPvBeJuraRGbPlGq2tU6_kmzgEx5d3nvh4jxz1xwlU05lUzHLWcN7VBSny2Jk0JlyJ76yR2_JcCZxIJuASz5=w400-h309" width="400" /></a></div><br /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I was reminded
today of a particularly frustrating tombstone transcription that I had been
trying to unravel for some time.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I was in Kolkata
in September 2017, visiting the Armenian Holy Nazareth Church. I had previously
visited this church several times over the years, and had photographed all the
tombstones in the church compound 10 years earlier with a view to helping people
with their Armenian genealogical family queries. Most of them are now available
on my website. However, this one was very well hidden, and I had missed it on
all my previous visits. As can be seen from the photograph, it was recessed in
a shallow alcove underneath some stone steps in a corner of the Nazareth
churchyard. Initially it looked like an empty void; a storage space between
ground level and the rising stairs. Crawling on the ground, I discovered these
two forgotten graves. The gap was only large enough to reach my arm through.
Hoping there was nothing in there that might bite, I blindly stretched my arm
as far as it would reach, and leant on my eternal optimism that the auto-focus
on my camera would not fail me. I had just one opportunity here. I was not able
to view the images until I returned to my hotel in the evening. One had broken
lettering, the other was completely covered by tools. Even with several people
helping me, it was impossible to see the name on the stone with lettering.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It looked like a
completely impossible tombstone to read, the angle was very difficult. Over
many months I returned to these images regularly to see if I could make
anything out. Enlarging, enhancing and occasionally tracing, until small
fragments of words and dates slowly became visible. I finally managed to make
out just enough to cross-reference the date and month of death with the same in
my database, and almost two years later to the day in 2019, with some patience
and a little persistence, I managed to unravel this closely covered stone. I
had finally cracked it.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He was Manuk
Aratoon David and he died on the 9th December 1885 aged 70.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sacred to the
memory of Manuk Aratoon David.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Born 8th
November 1815*. Died 9th December 1885.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Blessed are
the dead who die in the Lord from henceforth; Yea, saith the Spirit, in that
they shall rest from their labours; for their works do follow them.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">*According to
the Armenian Church baptism register for Kolkata, the 8th November 1815 is the
date he was baptised. He is recorded as being born 22nd October 1815 in
Kolkata.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-37148150281820160452021-12-23T17:02:00.001+00:002021-12-24T17:00:25.461+00:00Eric Moller: Jockey and Trainer to Sir Catchick Paul Chater<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Most people in the shipping world, know the name
“Moller”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is in no way a full
account of the life of Eric Moller, that has been covered in publications and
books already, but rather a snapshot of a time when his life crossed with Sir
Catchick Paul Chater. Chater valued Eric for his talent and experience as a
jockey and trainer and the all-important winning horses, and Sir Paul, being
the man he was, retained Eric with ample generosity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTadv14o2gqXBisx2QLK9yTuFagt69sonBRSHPJA50CtvoHYBW8ZaQ0wen5m1lXw6dYV-CUTvbBCx8yVwAVd7wdqpjJk402E-EhbRzpTIuYC0FYnM3jbf8VDf5Xjx_R-4i4g3bXsfigtbGfDOOKPbetpr0MkkjAknz3TozL4wDOkQEiLx_js15KcHD=s640" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="459" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTadv14o2gqXBisx2QLK9yTuFagt69sonBRSHPJA50CtvoHYBW8ZaQ0wen5m1lXw6dYV-CUTvbBCx8yVwAVd7wdqpjJk402E-EhbRzpTIuYC0FYnM3jbf8VDf5Xjx_R-4i4g3bXsfigtbGfDOOKPbetpr0MkkjAknz3TozL4wDOkQEiLx_js15KcHD=w288-h400" width="288" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Liz Chater's private archive</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">The hyperlinks in square brackets <span style="color: #cc0000;">[ ]</span> do not work, please scoll to the end for the appropriate reference number. <br /></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">Eric was drawn to horse racing, both in Shanghai and Hong
Kong, his father Nils Moller<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was just as
keen, so it was rather inevitable the apple didn’t fall far from the tree. As
early as 1899, Eric is recorded as racing in Hong Kong. Watching from the
Judge’s box, Paul Chater saw the potential talent this young man had, and very
likely earmarked him as a possible jockey in his own stable. That year, Eric
rode for a number of owners a total of 16 races during the meeting; he had 2
wins, 1 second place and 3 third places. His wins that year were on Mr.
Arnold’s <i>Straightaway´</i> in the “Lucky Cup”, and Mr. Orr’s <i>‘Rookwood’</i>
in the “Flyaway Stakes”, it would be the beginning of a racing career that
would eventually propel him to being a very successful jockey and later a
celebrated owner in Shanghai.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">But first, a complicated family setup meant there was a
lot to learn about life for him and some bitter pills to swallow. Extreme
circumstances, requires extreme measures, and they are not always the ones you
wish to take. To find yourself in a position where you have to fight a parent
in a court of law over a family inheritance that you are legitimately entitled
to, is quite simply, shocking. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Following
the death of their mother, that is the situation Eric Moller and his siblings
found themselves in. </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Eric Moller’s father was a sea captain named Nils Moller,
who was born in Brunnby, Sweden in October 1825<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></sup></span></sup></a>.
He had first married Jenni Charlotte Marie Holm in the early 1850s, most likely
in Scandinavia, their first child, Pehr, named after his own father, was born
in Burr Street, Aldgate, London in April 1856<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
and was baptised in St. Boltolph Without Aldgate,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>on 1st June<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></sup></span></sup></a>.
Nils and Jenny’s second child, Maria Teresia Moller was born 25th March 1859 in
Sweden.<a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></sup></span></sup></a> Jenni
died just a few months later also in Sweden.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Nils wasted no time in remarrying, after all, he had two small children
who required care and a mother figure. </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-J0BNmNcodifvSBTDbJHitHTchu5b_2F0xiRTCLuEz5l_dut4V8Wk1tkGGtxhxzf-tSzDSx1mC_-WWZx3raQD_I1BiGRsXT6LSKAZnVIcmWj5xi0I-jSPzdGzS-lBaWOxsU0fvPo0ot2SzZV8bvZFlbfudbv5vvdXY-u9yu2QMi74GLDBLr4a7wmq=s996" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="538" data-original-width="996" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-J0BNmNcodifvSBTDbJHitHTchu5b_2F0xiRTCLuEz5l_dut4V8Wk1tkGGtxhxzf-tSzDSx1mC_-WWZx3raQD_I1BiGRsXT6LSKAZnVIcmWj5xi0I-jSPzdGzS-lBaWOxsU0fvPo0ot2SzZV8bvZFlbfudbv5vvdXY-u9yu2QMi74GLDBLr4a7wmq=w400-h216" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Simple family tree showing Nils Moller's first marriage<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span>That came in the shape of Alethea Appleby
Stephenson.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Daughter of a vicar, she and
Nils were married in Nottingham on 31st October 1860 at St. Mary’s church in
the city by her brother, also a vicar, the Reverend W. Stephenson<a href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></sup></span></sup></a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No sooner had they married, they then sailed
for Shanghai, where, in 1861, Nils dipped his toe into general trading and
auction room sales, before getting into the shipping business in 1866. Nils and
Alethea went on to have at least five children:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Charles Henry Christopher Moller<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>born 1862 in Shanghai<a href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Eric Arthur Moller born and died in 1864 in Shanghai<a href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Hilda Jane Appleby Moller born 1865 in Nottingham<a href="#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Anna Muriel Moller born 1867 in Nottingham<a href="#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Warden Appleby Moller born 1871 in Shanghai<a href="#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In addition to her own children, Alethea was also caring
for her two step-children, Pehr and Maria Teresia Moller.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXk5K6XA8_n7uTrXAoe4i7ifPAyQ_itAfpz4sU3ZE0X2BuFUiPt1u666RZ5-mLILTJ-0tXWa-pYaCaAEMSu4-mPbN8mu4enEYkdjgI_o1MZWQYIHd5CTLo1GCQZWK7W1TwPfjo-KXwG48F4cPFgHBguhj7J2w_Q0k4kR2CGSzsJv2psjz5nmvFYAX1=s1524" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="413" data-original-width="1524" height="109" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXk5K6XA8_n7uTrXAoe4i7ifPAyQ_itAfpz4sU3ZE0X2BuFUiPt1u666RZ5-mLILTJ-0tXWa-pYaCaAEMSu4-mPbN8mu4enEYkdjgI_o1MZWQYIHd5CTLo1GCQZWK7W1TwPfjo-KXwG48F4cPFgHBguhj7J2w_Q0k4kR2CGSzsJv2psjz5nmvFYAX1=w400-h109" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Simple family tree showing Nils Moller's 2nd marriage<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span>On a voyage back to Shanghai from England in 1870,
Alethea had engaged a lady companion for the trip; she was called Hannah
Clappison. <a href="#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once back in Shanghai, Nils appeared to take
more of a shine to Hannah than he did his wife, and went on to conduct a
relationship with her right under the nose of Alethea, fathering five children
with Hannah, they were:<p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Hannah Marian Moller aka Minnie born in 1874 at sea on
board the <i>‘Glaucus’</i><a href="#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></sup></span></sup></a></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Nils Eric Amelon Moller aka Eric Moller born in 1875 in
Sculcoates, Yorkshire<a href="#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></sup></span></sup></a></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">John Arthur Moller born in 1878 in Shanghai<a href="#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></sup></span></sup></a></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Daisy Moller born in 1879 in Shanghai<a href="#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></sup></span></sup></a></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Kate Winifred Moller born and died in Shanghai 1884/5<a href="#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[16]</span></sup></span></sup></a></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgkq-fsk9Hu-35zx6PPYJi7EuVnjAyHyWUsEQhPinpgs9nT7W-f2JTyI0_sfa0m8LiGwRlbQdEvjG2ByESutyTTHVarWWFQ8zb3x3yjVYsKHb39Vt45ptUKI-Xx23ZRfdB-dSMQeMm2HPhN1S4J4b9bRXI3hy4DtHSyf1e7grxOQPsye72tr8Zdif8o=s1392" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1392" data-original-width="969" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgkq-fsk9Hu-35zx6PPYJi7EuVnjAyHyWUsEQhPinpgs9nT7W-f2JTyI0_sfa0m8LiGwRlbQdEvjG2ByESutyTTHVarWWFQ8zb3x3yjVYsKHb39Vt45ptUKI-Xx23ZRfdB-dSMQeMm2HPhN1S4J4b9bRXI3hy4DtHSyf1e7grxOQPsye72tr8Zdif8o=w446-h640" width="446" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Simple family tree showing Nils Moller's relationship<br />with Hannah Clappison.<br />Also third marriage to Harriet Fuller<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span>By 1881 Alethea had returned to Nottingham, England with
her children and set up home in Prospect Place. Not only was Alethea looking
after her own children, she was looking after her step-daughter Maria Moller.<a href="#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></sup></span></sup></a> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Meanwhile, Nils was in Shanghai with Alethea's
'lady companion' Hannah, who had assumed the role of 'wife' to Nils. There was
no divorce for Alethea who remained in England. She travelled on a couple of
occasions to the USA to see her step-son Pehr and her daughter Hilda Standring
and their families. On the whole, Alethea lived in various locations in the
South East of England, dying in St. Marys and St. Josephs Nursing Home,
Chiswick in March 1920.<a href="#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></sup></span></sup></a> She
is buried in St. Mary’s Churchyard, Barnes, Surrey. In the same cemetery are
the remains of her children, Charles Henry Christopher Moller who died in
1928,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anne Muriel who died in 1942, and
Warden Appleby who died in 1950. In addition, there are also the remains of
Charles Moller’s wife, Mary Helen nee Pierce who died in 1961 and two of their
children, Harold Percy who died in 1952 and Nils Harry who died in 1962
respectively. <a href="#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Hannah Clappison died in Shanghai in May 1891, and of
course Nils was still married to Alethea. Hannah made a will before her death,
providing amply for her 4 surviving children, making Nils the executor to
oversee the equal distribution of her estate to her children. </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>“All I own in this world, such as ships, houses and
landed property, I give and bequeath to my good friend Nils Moller, in trust
for my four children when they come of age, and may God bless and protect them
all. Amen. Dated at Avenue Lodge this 5th Day of February 1891.” </i>The will
was written in the handwriting of Nils Moller.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">She was possessed of three sailing barques (later Nils
would claim these were “gifts” from him, who expected her to return them to him
as bequests in her will), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the
“Valkyrien”, “Contest” and “Lucia”, as well as three lots of land in Shanghai;
B.C. Lot 1156 known as the “Washing Company’s” land; B.C. Lot 570 known as “The
Gables” and finally the family home known as “Avenue Lodge”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nils successfully proved the will at the
Supreme Court in Shanghai in July 1891, but he had failed to include as assets
the barque “Valkyrien” as well as the three lots of valuable land. Nils had
deliberately tried to devalue the estate of the woman he considered his
“wife”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was able to deceive the
children because they were all still under age. Meanwhile, Nils, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>set out to “reclaim” ownership of Hannah’s
property in a most despicable fashion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Nils was custodian of the property in Hannah’s will,
which was to be held in trust until her children came of age. He deliberately
chose to undertake a “transfer” of ownership of the vessel “Valkyrien to his
son, Eric Moller in 1895, who was actually already the owner. Nils then got his
son Eric to sign a document giving all the property to his father. Nils
qualified the transfer of property from Eric to his father by saying: “the will
was not worth the paper it was written on”; Eric and his siblings believed him.
Why wouldn’t they? He was their father, the person you trust with your
life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nils went on to sell the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Valkyrien” in 1900 without Eric’s knowledge
or permission, a vessel Nils had no right to sell. The transfer document Eric
signed in favour of his father included <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B.C. Lot 570 (The Gables) and B.C. Lot 1156
(Washing Company’s land); Nils had sold his son’s legitimate inheritance from
under his nose.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">With the children still under age, and therefore not in
control of their own affairs, Nils did this feeling confident it was something
he could get away with. Not only did Nils fail to pay his children their
rightful money, he refused to do so when the sales of these items had come to
light. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Besides the lack of honesty
regarding the money from the sales, there was the personal betrayal and deceit
Nils had undertaken towards his own children. One can only imagine how Eric
must have felt. Nils’s own business affairs was not plain sailing, and on 1<sup>st</sup>
January 1894, perhaps anticipating financial trouble ahead, and not wishing to
divide any of the children’s inheritance he had full charge and control of,
decided to amalgamate the whole lot by establishing the firm “Nils Moller and
Sons” with himself as senior partner and Nils Eric and John Arthur Moller as (under
age) junior partners. The firm was created purely with the property of Hannah
Clappison, something the two brothers Eric and John Arthur were completely
unaware of at the time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1895, Nils,
as senior partner, head of the firm of Nils Moller and Sons, and being the sole
trustee of the estate sold the “Washing Company”, B.C. Lots 1156 and 1654 for
Tls 24,000. Later in 1897, Nils sold “The Gables”, B.C. Lot 570 for Tls 16,000,
the proceeds of each transaction being placed in the accounts of Nils Moller
and Sons. It was during this time that Nils got Eric to sign over a “Division
of Property” document. The contents were dictated by Nils to Eric, and said:</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Shanghai 25<sup>th</sup> March 1897</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">My Dear Father,</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">This is to certify that all ships, houses and landed
property now registered in my name in the British Consulate of Shanghai are
your bona-fide property, and I hold same subject to your disposal and I am
prepared to transfer same to any one you may appoint when called upon by you to
do so.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">I am,</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">My Dear Father</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Your Affectionate Son</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Nils Eric Moller</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">To Mr. Nils Moller</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Shanghai</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In the Empire of China</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Witness to signature</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">John Baesler</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Ship Broker</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">As naïve Eric Moller, captivated by his love of horses,
forged ahead with his racing career, he was completely oblivious to the
underhand dealings his father was conducting and how his mother’s legacy was
being manoeuvred, not to benefit Eric and his siblings, but to reinforce the
pockets of his father. Eric continued to ride horses, both in Hong Kong and
Shanghai and it was becoming clear he had a good eye in spotting winners and
riding them over the line to win.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In 1900 Nils Moller gave a Deed of Gift to his sons Eric
and John Arthur Moller giving them equal shares in the vessels “Lucia”,
“Osaka”, and the “Contest”, along with office furniture and the goodwill of the
shipping business.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Out of the income
from these ships a monthly allowance was to be paid of $60 to each sister,
Minnie and Daisy. Nils also went on to stipulate that his two sons were to
abstain from <i>“all gambling in shares and stocks, and also from all horse
training and riding for the public, and they are to give their undivided attention
to the shipping and commission business of Nils Moller and Sons”.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nils expected his sons to demonstrate
dedication, commitment and honesty in return for the company; however, these
were not qualities he wanted to reciprocate to them.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The siblings (Plaintiffs) were represented in court by
Mr. Stokes who requested that the proceedings of the case should be held
without the presence of reporters. Mr. Stokes said: “What I have to say involves
a great deal of personal history. It affects not only the living, but the dead,
and I most urgently beg for that concession, if not out of regard for the
living then for the sake of the memory of the dead”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They did not get their way and Counsel for
the defendant (their father) said: “As they have chosen to make these
statements public, they must stand by any unpleasantness that may arise from
that publicity.” Family shame and embarrassment would unfold. </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The Court heard that the siblings became suspicious of
Nils’s actions around 1901 when “a dispute arose over five tug-boat shares
which were given by Nils to his two daughters Minnie and Daisy, and were kept
in the safe of Nils Moller and Co. He got the girls on one occasion to sign a
transfer, as it would, he said, be more convenient for collecting dividends if
they were in his name. Everything went on smoothly and the dividends were paid,
until the girls happened to hear that these shares had been sold and from that
there was a split in the family. Nils first denied that he had sold the shares,
but afterwards admitted it, and from that time there was unfortunately a want
of that confidence which should obtain between parent and children, and the
boys thought they would like to make some enquiries and find out what was the
value of their mother’s will. They went to the British Consulate General and
found to their surprise that this was a bona-fide will. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nils had put all the property into the name of
the firm Nils Moller and Sons, and when the Gables was sold the proceeds were
put on a fixed deposit in the Bank in the name of Nils Moller and Sons and the
same was done in the case of the Washing Company and the Valkyrien.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Nils continued to syphon assets that belonged to his
children into the company Nils Moller and Sons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In court he was supported in his petition by his wife Alethea Appleby
Moller and their four children as well as the two children Nils had with his
first wife Jenny, Pehr and Maria Theresia Moller. By siding with their father
it was clear the legitimate children were rounding on the illegitimate children,
all implying to the court that the claim of Eric and his siblings would have an
adverse affect on their own inheritance.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">It was judged that a Deed of Gift dated 6<sup>th</sup>
December 1900 from Nils Moller to his sons Eric and John Arthur Moller “giving”
them 3 sailing vessels along with $5,000 was deemed invalid; how could he give
to his sons property that didn’t belong to him in the first place; Nils had
been generous to a fault with someone else’s property, and his scheme had
backfired. Another Deed of Gift between Eric Moller and his father Nils of 1897
where Eric gave “all ships, houses and lands……”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>was also deemed invalid because Eric had been misled in a coercive
fashion regarding all the property.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>All-in-all, Nils had been caught with his fingers in the till; swiping
not just money and assets, but personal integrity, honesty and trust from his
children.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Almost a year after the start of this case, the final
payment outcome was judged to be as follows.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Nils had to pay to his son Eric and his siblings Tls 25,649.24, they
were also to retain 3 sailing vessels and the goodwill of the company Nils
Moller and Sons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition, Nils was
ordered to pay Tls 1,608.75 to his daughters Minnie and Daisy Moller, interest
was to accrue at a rate of 7% from the date of judgement, 20<sup>th</sup>
January 1903, until payment of the principal sum was made.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">It is often recorded that Eric and John Arthur
Moller<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“took over” or inherited the
shipping business, from their father. But we can clearly see that wasn’t the
case;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it was rightly awarded to them by
a Court of Law following a continued and prolonged period of deception of Nils
towards his children where he tried and failed to manipulate the assets of his
late mistress to his own benefit. Nils miscalculated; a judge saw through his
deception.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <a href="#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[20]</span></span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">To add insult to injury for Eric and his siblings, there was
the fact that only 5 months after the death of their mother Hannah, Nils had
remarried to Harriet Fuller of Shanghai.<a href="#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgq2iwTZbrxf5m8Xm2ZNCQInguAJMoFlNce4neuI9jjq1dmKlNsb8sI6CstKOFIDwrV8TosRygTe_5IiXLvjzQvPd_tlT6zdMwQDa1SV1mnSEUHk-uUHveu0IctIpYudERLNRYRm_q15-37B6Aa2fwmCspGT9952NEruQWmHMVhQWX_CIWe58IfObg5=s640" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="214" data-original-width="640" height="134" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgq2iwTZbrxf5m8Xm2ZNCQInguAJMoFlNce4neuI9jjq1dmKlNsb8sI6CstKOFIDwrV8TosRygTe_5IiXLvjzQvPd_tlT6zdMwQDa1SV1mnSEUHk-uUHveu0IctIpYudERLNRYRm_q15-37B6Aa2fwmCspGT9952NEruQWmHMVhQWX_CIWe58IfObg5=w400-h134" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Marriage record of Nils Moller and Harriet Fuller<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span>Harriet was the daughter of an architect and active
Missionary, William Robert Fuller, so I guess Nils conveniently forgot to
mention he already had a wife back in England who was very much alive. Dishonesty
raised its ugly head again, Nils had committed bigamy.<p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgMR1uy4qnCtsmyAbNX0enCUI_q_rXZQYAXwKRE1gjmUVFHH6AqM4k9eKZdafLQTl_i0_zrbFL49wxs51dh75gcxGYYnu2s2sY306oyFiD0GKXRFJBIWFGEMjJuBmWdcCxPmAzYMyURK-KqBPGSc0m2C63oqhIfYGrEX-6nwszRQ-xBCLN6rfeKFrKS=s1259" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="258" data-original-width="1259" height="83" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgMR1uy4qnCtsmyAbNX0enCUI_q_rXZQYAXwKRE1gjmUVFHH6AqM4k9eKZdafLQTl_i0_zrbFL49wxs51dh75gcxGYYnu2s2sY306oyFiD0GKXRFJBIWFGEMjJuBmWdcCxPmAzYMyURK-KqBPGSc0m2C63oqhIfYGrEX-6nwszRQ-xBCLN6rfeKFrKS=w400-h83" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Probate notice for Alethea Appleby Moller<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Nils’s legitimate wife, Alethea died in 1920.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">After the court case, Nils returned to Sweden, where he
passed away in May 1903. There was the briefest of notices in the Shanghai/
Hong Kong papers.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> <br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Free of the controlling constraints of his father, Eric
threw himself back into horseracing with gusto.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He rode for a number of owners, including Sir Paul Chater on various
occasions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He, along with McBain, F.R.
Vida, and A.R. Burkill were the "go-to" jockeys Sir Paul relied on. Sir
Paul made every effort to bring them down from Shanghai to Hong Kong as much as
he could, to ride for him at Happy Valley. I have no doubt he made it
financially attractive for them to make that journey. Eric Moller's business
was run from McBain Building on the Bund in Shanghai, all the jockeys had full-time
business operations and they used horse racing as their "pastime".
Squeezing racing in between work!</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">One of many acts of kindness performed by Eric Moller
during his life was in 1918, when his manager of Messrs. Moller & Co.,
(Hongkong) married in Shanghai to Miss Clarice Leslie of Sydney. After a quiet
ceremony at the Cathedral, Eric entertained the wedding party to lunch at his original
family home “Fairyland” in Route Ghisi. This house had been purchased by his
father-in-law, John Blechynden, around 1907 and put in his wife’s name.<a href="#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a>
to ensure the family had a safe and secure home. It was a well thought through move,
because in 1924 Eric found himself being declared bankrupt, his creditors
accepted the deal presented to them of 5/- in the Pound. They were all
swallowing substantial losses, and it couldn’t have been an easy time for Eric
and his family. </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In December 1926 Eric sold the Moller family home,
“Fairyland” at Route Ghisi to the Sino-Japanese Society for $2,000,000. It is
today known as Yueyan Road and I believe is now the home of the present Shanghai
Institutes for Biological Sciences and Chinese Academy of Sciences. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhYWjlmdCAPxKDHaPc2IGYJisATWA9koYLGSjr-PEao3Mfg36KvIHxzZ-JW2SZAaArHqbSUu2TwVtC0tuanM1vVfaT7qNL1cklyX4s6h6WfiT4cbsGIrDDdoE64C_6hdMVaBsSYOFVd-tBd1PeyXs_hcHfj9cmg6qzrJxa5zUP-B1QMZvd0jQL7ddvw=s686" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="262" data-original-width="686" height="153" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhYWjlmdCAPxKDHaPc2IGYJisATWA9koYLGSjr-PEao3Mfg36KvIHxzZ-JW2SZAaArHqbSUu2TwVtC0tuanM1vVfaT7qNL1cklyX4s6h6WfiT4cbsGIrDDdoE64C_6hdMVaBsSYOFVd-tBd1PeyXs_hcHfj9cmg6qzrJxa5zUP-B1QMZvd0jQL7ddvw=w400-h153" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span>18<sup>th</sup> December 1926 notice Moller’s “Fairyland”
is sold.<p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">This period coincided with Eric riding successfully for
Sir Paul Chater, both in Shanghai and in Hong Kong. It is almost like he turned
to what he knew to be constant and reliable to regain some stability in his
life.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The main building was erected in 1931 with compensation
from the Boxer Rebellion.<a href="#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a>
The taller building is definitely of 1930s architecture, </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgIKT1kesiB_wyzNmE7tbrIVv0xFGLllAET1fOjDyV_lbSqT6c-5WB38IMWd3cuoEQpDO3-aObUxmDwgg6D9oyVLrVjFqwCmLeWme_Lzs81AU-VJkxFWF7wYT6wU02cXcBX3AHcw1Mf3dUUWbj5e_LNxN2Ynq78jfXgj9c-HDuJeHtJvP-pmY14e_UR=s1299" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="974" data-original-width="1299" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgIKT1kesiB_wyzNmE7tbrIVv0xFGLllAET1fOjDyV_lbSqT6c-5WB38IMWd3cuoEQpDO3-aObUxmDwgg6D9oyVLrVjFqwCmLeWme_Lzs81AU-VJkxFWF7wYT6wU02cXcBX3AHcw1Mf3dUUWbj5e_LNxN2Ynq78jfXgj9c-HDuJeHtJvP-pmY14e_UR=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Via Shanghai Now. <a href="http://shanghaiimayou.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-126.html">http://shanghaiimayou.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-126.html</a>
shows the two clear styles of architecture.</td></tr></tbody></table> <br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDlC72-k1-BYo6GKe3Hog9ZI4CGc2hjkhI-HGgfIdZHiBpcYTuD6PQt2HS7-bsskzTOG6MYbG-OaFSMooGTPyOKIRFJMU8hnRhoQTbJhXe4bmVnc-na1HcrK3qOtBlZaQQ9qemdHxgsNP9TkY7X389OVEUXCBiMy5LHGZIxvr0izdF8KS8Iwz8yVG8=s960" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDlC72-k1-BYo6GKe3Hog9ZI4CGc2hjkhI-HGgfIdZHiBpcYTuD6PQt2HS7-bsskzTOG6MYbG-OaFSMooGTPyOKIRFJMU8hnRhoQTbJhXe4bmVnc-na1HcrK3qOtBlZaQQ9qemdHxgsNP9TkY7X389OVEUXCBiMy5LHGZIxvr0izdF8KS8Iwz8yVG8=s320" width="240" /></a></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">You can see the difference in architecture quite well
from this image, <br />
courtesy of ShanghaiArchitectureWandering</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> <br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">But the smaller single storey entrance is more in keeping
with the style of architecture from around the turn of the century, I would say
the gate posts are also original and I speculate that they, along with the
single storey entrance way were originally part of the Moller “Fairyland” home.
</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiOJ3wKDqwu7GqpUbLcUgBIK5yLX8DOON2x58sht7dnAha-_TFIvhTmSAGpfwucUyPdaHgmGlhnHPNYBd1CyaPiO66kH_evENtwOp0WIZ0pnGM_Ad3ZBNIFY3ycr1pYZ4gOlWvUlM1-vV7YyXYrfh1B6smEAwi0E9bF_V4maYNMj1yEvs9ntl3yXxt5=s1024" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="1024" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiOJ3wKDqwu7GqpUbLcUgBIK5yLX8DOON2x58sht7dnAha-_TFIvhTmSAGpfwucUyPdaHgmGlhnHPNYBd1CyaPiO66kH_evENtwOp0WIZ0pnGM_Ad3ZBNIFY3ycr1pYZ4gOlWvUlM1-vV7YyXYrfh1B6smEAwi0E9bF_V4maYNMj1yEvs9ntl3yXxt5=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Wikipedia</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Looking at the single storey entrance, and compared to
other buildings in Shanghai at the turn of the century, such as the French
Consulate, there are striking similarities, but I emphasise it is only to the
entrance way, not the taller building behind. I would therefore suggest that it
is very likely that part of “Fairyland” was incorporated into the new building,
and this may be the only part of the original “Fairyland” existing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/geoff-inoz/15367859940/in/photostream/" target="_blank">There are a couple of good close up images on Flickr where the
two different styles of architecture can be seen.</a> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> <br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Further evidence this is the same building Eric sold to
the Society can be found in the report which states: <i>“……Mr. Yada and Mr.
Ouchi, Japanese, will act as trustees of the Society’s fund, which, derived
from the Japanese portion of the Boxer Indemnity Fund……..”</i> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the wall plaque confirms erection of the
building. </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtOCjy89WcJHGAo9oisxnpV5RHjOG4dYM1hd-zRf09AKInSm7NWeV8WzQ_QLeaF3K-CncwY6A-4CGqQhNVFZQdXujB9CNFaJ2ed46UabGT0uvwqj2WriUSfrPr5djUq1Qibonqa3wWHiOGT4bxLtVw58kRsUmScfiZX53OHeHKg5A4kMx1JzsR0kKq=s1299" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="974" data-original-width="1299" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtOCjy89WcJHGAo9oisxnpV5RHjOG4dYM1hd-zRf09AKInSm7NWeV8WzQ_QLeaF3K-CncwY6A-4CGqQhNVFZQdXujB9CNFaJ2ed46UabGT0uvwqj2WriUSfrPr5djUq1Qibonqa3wWHiOGT4bxLtVw58kRsUmScfiZX53OHeHKg5A4kMx1JzsR0kKq=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Via Shanghai Now. <a href="http://shanghaiimayou.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-126.html">http://shanghaiimayou.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-126.html</a></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span> <br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">This is the first time that Moller’s first home and the
Science building have been proved to be connected to each other.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Buoyant again with money in his pocket, Eric was quick to
instigate a rebuild of a home that could accommodate his large family. He
started in 1927 and it was completed in 1936, today, what is known as “Moller
Villa” in Shanghai is the result of that vision.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjILraBdANwIXB_TVjXv2lxNjxxjShFtUZ7xOiYPatfsO12J3X0HvEKaDn-h3WbPm_fZ_-Gz69eXyp56SFIfwQ9ErE351bJQQcBOy2U76Kvm-pqlYV33a4CmBAWBI6PeRB-GHIHUKF3lmWK4gS-7gaSevQRkmNnE42mGITE--S4DP6jvyN023zFMVL3=s1280" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="853" data-original-width="1280" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjILraBdANwIXB_TVjXv2lxNjxxjShFtUZ7xOiYPatfsO12J3X0HvEKaDn-h3WbPm_fZ_-Gz69eXyp56SFIfwQ9ErE351bJQQcBOy2U76Kvm-pqlYV33a4CmBAWBI6PeRB-GHIHUKF3lmWK4gS-7gaSevQRkmNnE42mGITE--S4DP6jvyN023zFMVL3=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image courtesy of <a href="http://www.mollervilla.com">www.mollervilla.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span>Although Eric’s business life was in a difficult place,
having recently been made bankrupt, he nevertheless took up Chater’s very
tempting offer to ride <i>Saucy Dahlia</i> in May 1925 in the Shanghai Races,
winning the Derby there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1926 Sir
Paul Chater won the Hong Kong Derby with <i>‘Glorious Dahlia’ </i>ridden by
Teddie McBain. <p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">This unique, rare and never before seen image shows Eric
helping to lead in that winner with Sir Paul and Lady Chater (out of shot).</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEin6eRArmrJTTbiRGtqDATZFvyXmPE7n823Fvwii5wVgsEV4k3Sw-58NT-INS2HvKvdT6f4thKDmBIWQPs4ASWmylr5ZuOpCpJQ350Hhie1xIqSqsKVco5t1dG8NazolAiAVv3CIwIKBoblcm71kltu2VePJPdXjus6sYhMnCfzN5CSIvgXWOta4XLb=s640" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="403" data-original-width="640" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEin6eRArmrJTTbiRGtqDATZFvyXmPE7n823Fvwii5wVgsEV4k3Sw-58NT-INS2HvKvdT6f4thKDmBIWQPs4ASWmylr5ZuOpCpJQ350Hhie1xIqSqsKVco5t1dG8NazolAiAVv3CIwIKBoblcm71kltu2VePJPdXjus6sYhMnCfzN5CSIvgXWOta4XLb=w400-h253" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Liz Chater’s private archive</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Eric and his family were always part of Shanghai life.
Some articles and books state he arrived there in 1919 with nothing to his name.
This is not true; he had arrived in Shanghai as a baby, spent his early years
there, was educated there, took his first tentative steps into business there.
He made a business trip to England in 1919 and he <i>returned</i> to Shanghai
in 1920 after a 6-month visit, He had gone to review his business interests
there. Finding they were in a sorry state, he came back to Shanghai, where he
had always lived and worked and brought his family up.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">There’s an awful lot more about this man, and the Moller
family available to read, if you are interested, I do recommend you research
more online.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My particular story on this
blog is simply a small snapshot of how his life touched that of Sir Catchick
Paul Chater through their shared passion for horseracing, and is in no way a
full and complete record. I have deliberately not included his business life, I
wanted to highlight the sporting connection to Sir Paul Chater, rather than
Moller’s business dealings.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">A recently published book that includes a number of
references to Eric in Shanghai is worth a look:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Champions Day: The End of Old Shanghai” by James Carter. A number of
pages are available for review on google. </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Eric, was a very well liked and respected businessman
throughout his life, but it was tragically cut short when the aeroplane he was
travelling in, crashed at Singapore Airport in 1954, his daughter Nancy,
witnessed the disaster from the terminal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Further distress was caused when it was discovered that Eric’s body had
been mistaken for a Hindu banker, who also died in the plane crash.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The banker, who had mistakenly been
identified as Eric Moller, had been buried as a Christian in the mass grave
prepared for the victims of the crash, whilst Eric’s body had been taken to the
Hindu crematorium in Singapore, his ashes, mistaken as the Hindu banker, were
then flown to India to be sprinkled in the Ganges. The error came to light when
a dental plate was found at the Hindu crematorium, it was identified as Eric’s.
His daughter Nancy asked the Courts for the body to be exhumed from the mass
grave in Singapore for re-identification. Only then did the painful truth come
to light.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">His wife carried his legacy, his children carried his
genes and those of his father Nils and mother Hannah. <br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhkh25FM1E3y9iz2sj9cGARY-5x_ZlwA8XTC7SIEDC1jvVUaC9Dzh4tAGKTDuNqxMCvAbQlPHAA26JWVb47kMCs7fWo5DTpD_z7Tsd23p8-jb64sngVlBctfoEcR6aUyAw93Zu8uDd6S8IeHsy9z1uTmD5pBoJjc2Mfp9NCFLxWFc85n5x2Hd8iR6EA=s640" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="264" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhkh25FM1E3y9iz2sj9cGARY-5x_ZlwA8XTC7SIEDC1jvVUaC9Dzh4tAGKTDuNqxMCvAbQlPHAA26JWVb47kMCs7fWo5DTpD_z7Tsd23p8-jb64sngVlBctfoEcR6aUyAw93Zu8uDd6S8IeHsy9z1uTmD5pBoJjc2Mfp9NCFLxWFc85n5x2Hd8iR6EA=w165-h400" width="165" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Liz Chater’s private archive</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span>And what of Nils Moller’s final bride, Harriet Fuller,
who found herself in the embarrassing position of marrying a bigamist?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although there is no official record
available at the moment suggesting she found Nils out, by 1893 Harriet had
reverted to her maiden name of Fuller when witnessing the marriage of friends Ebenezer
Murray and Emma Ann Fairy in Chefoo. Another witness was Harriet’s sister Edith
E. Fuller, so the very longest the “marriage” survived was two years. <p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In fact, Harriet is recorded as marrying again, using her
full maiden name, in September 1897. Taking vows for the second time in her
life, she betrothed to Harry Houston, an American from San Francisco, who, as
it turned out, was a deserter from the US Navy, although I doubt Harriet knew
that at the time. </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj3kGkp7Zm_4WCEfK73fmmdb61LLW1YfgaA0ThV1M__shMsgsfkoWYpWGNVFYX65TGlkXr4_nWB9Qaf8R1UahaTRHCBKidAWoB5Kw-_VnI4zLVZOkLzKeRzzYHpVwm6ZXKYXywh0PvMpi9Ce6L_BIirW08_Ii8lD6djxWQ3U1N1jEdM8iCRpFRFAj2_=s975" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="975" data-original-width="413" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj3kGkp7Zm_4WCEfK73fmmdb61LLW1YfgaA0ThV1M__shMsgsfkoWYpWGNVFYX65TGlkXr4_nWB9Qaf8R1UahaTRHCBKidAWoB5Kw-_VnI4zLVZOkLzKeRzzYHpVwm6ZXKYXywh0PvMpi9Ce6L_BIirW08_Ii8lD6djxWQ3U1N1jEdM8iCRpFRFAj2_=s320" width="136" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Harry Houston<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">The marriage was at the American Consul General’s office in
Shanghai, he was 21, she was around 37 but this too, was to quickly turn sour
for her.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In November 1898, a year after
they married Harry took £1000 from Harriet saying he would go to the USA to set
up some business agencies, but he failed to return to Shanghai as promised. In
February 1899 Harriet happened to see in the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>San Francisco Chronicle an application by
Harry to have the marriage annulled on the grounds he had been “under age” and
personally threatened with violence if he didn’t marry Harriet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her response was swift and forthright, and
denied she had coerced him in anyway, and implied that in fact he had married
her for her money and done a runner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her
fight to clear her name and regain her reputation continued, and in June 1899
she also discovered that Harry had remarried to Isabelle Jellison on 29<sup>th</sup>
January 1899; he had done to her exactly what Nils had done, committed
bigamy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Isabelle Jellison’s parents were
non too pleased, to say the least, and the whole sorry saga must have been a
very bitter blow for poor Harriet.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In the early 1920’s Harriet left Shanghai for good and
went to live with her sister Edith and her family in Canada. Harriet passed
away in British Columbia on 5<sup>th</sup> January 1936, her funeral took place
the next day and she was buried in the Royal Oak Burial Park, Victoria.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> </p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">I do wonder if Eric Moller and his family offered any sympathy,
support and comfort to Harriet during her traumatic time with Nils and later,
her misguided marriage to Harry. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eric
was a kind and generous man by nature, and I would like to think he extended a
hand of friendship to the beleaguered Harriet. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eric did seem to take everything life threw
at him with an unusual amount of stoicism and grace, and I tend to think he was
the kind of gentleman Sir Paul Chater enjoyed the company of enormously. Their
shared passion of horseracing would have given them hours of gentlemanly
conversation over the years, and I’m sure each learnt a little more from the
other.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"> © Liz Chater 2021</p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Swedish Selected Baptisms 1611-1909</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Birth certificate</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">England, Select Births and
Christenings, 1538-1975</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sweden Indexed Death Records
1840-1947</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Leeds Intelligencer 3<sup>rd</sup> November 1860</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Peerage.com </span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">London and China Telegraph 28
November 1864</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<h3><a href="#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" style="color: #1f3763; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 127;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
<span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">California, U.S., Death Index, 1940-1997</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></h3>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">London and China Express June 1867</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1939 Register</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">N.C. & S.C. & C. Gazette 19 March 1902</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">UK, Registers of Births, Marriages and Deaths at Sea, 1844-1890</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">N.C. & S.C. & C. Gazette 19 March 1902 also </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">East
Riding Archives & Local Studies Service</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<h3><a href="#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="color: #1f3763; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 127;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">U.S., Social Security Applications
and Claims Index, 1936-2007</span><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></h3>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<h3><a href="#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="color: #1f3763; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 127;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Free Access: Europe, Registration of Foreigners and
German Persecutees, 1939-194</span><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></h3>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">My Heritage</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1881 Census</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn18" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">England and Wales Probate Calendar</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn19" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Surrey Burial Records, St. Mary’s
Church, Barnes</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn20" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">North China Herald and Supreme Court
& Consular Gazette March 1902</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn21" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<h3><a href="#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="color: #1f3763; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 127;">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">UK, Registers of Births, Marriages
and Deaths From British Consulates, 1810-1968</span></h3>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn22" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Public examination into his
bankruptcy</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn23" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a>
Shanghai Now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://shanghaiimayou.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-126.html">http://shanghaiimayou.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-126.html</a></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-86725155688973564132021-12-03T20:28:00.000+00:002021-12-03T20:28:26.827+00:00Robert Crisp Hurley: Jack of All Trades, Master of One. Or Was He?<p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0cUfg6LSn16qqMbteY1mTppQqWo0ZiLp9iA9Cs5Xb4yK4nKSDUbRiAO8gkf0rtXFwONWeOZahbfjMiAkK6mTcizyNg_DV-qZ-MWD2iePvccb7rWCeJee6CDZNBkVQmuAqY_iT-lYTyCA/s1600/hk+CHINESE+CHINA+CANTON+HONG+KONG+MACAU+ALBUMEN+BUILDING+SEA+ANTIQUE+PHOTO+1890+41-2a-Colorized%253Da.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1062" data-original-width="1600" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0cUfg6LSn16qqMbteY1mTppQqWo0ZiLp9iA9Cs5Xb4yK4nKSDUbRiAO8gkf0rtXFwONWeOZahbfjMiAkK6mTcizyNg_DV-qZ-MWD2iePvccb7rWCeJee6CDZNBkVQmuAqY_iT-lYTyCA/w400-h265/hk+CHINESE+CHINA+CANTON+HONG+KONG+MACAU+ALBUMEN+BUILDING+SEA+ANTIQUE+PHOTO+1890+41-2a-Colorized%253Da.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Liz Chater's archive<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Robert
Crisp Hurley was born in Islington in November 1848 to Abraham Hurley and his
wife Betsy nee Wilson, On the birth certificate Abraham was noted as a farmer.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
By 1851<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
Abraham was a wine merchant traveller based in London. <br /><br /><i>Please note: in this blog, the hyperlink numbers in square brackets <b>[ ] </b>do not work, please scroll to the bottom for the references.</i><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHZBypzC9Q0or2N2LucHR2wjJEdABrmq_1O9aZ1QimYpiYa-z_twXPshr_k7AfvN8S_2ycKoYKkkWkNQdPeINmbATptfhuIIyPbmHWIGEmsP2sExnCXjrTH5ilSRGM9_9GG3SB23HHYZI/s3206/1848+november+23+birth+record+of+robert+crisp+hurley+in+islington-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="981" data-original-width="3206" height="98" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHZBypzC9Q0or2N2LucHR2wjJEdABrmq_1O9aZ1QimYpiYa-z_twXPshr_k7AfvN8S_2ycKoYKkkWkNQdPeINmbATptfhuIIyPbmHWIGEmsP2sExnCXjrTH5ilSRGM9_9GG3SB23HHYZI/s320/1848+november+23+birth+record+of+robert+crisp+hurley+in+islington-a.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Robert Crisp Hurley's birth certificate<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />However,
young Robert had been deposited to live with his farming grandparents, Abraham
and Mary nee Holmes, in Chigwell. Following the death of his father in July
1859,<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
the family attempted to get Robert into <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the <i>‘Commercial Travellers’ Schools for
Orphan and Necessitous </i>Children’ in Pinner in Dec 1859.<a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
The first attempt was a failure but the second attempt in June 1860 was
successful.<a href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was fortunate for him, as his
grandfather died the following year in 1861<a href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>,
so there wasn't any father figures in the family. From there Robert appears to
have got involved in Millinery, something his mother Betsey was noted for in
the 1861 census. In 1871 he was a hat salesman in Essex but likely to have
travelled widely, including to the centre of the hat manufacturing enterprise
in Lancashire. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">By 1874
Robert had become a trusted member of Messrs. Taylor & Co., of Denton, a well-known
and successful hat manufacturing company. In January 1874 he was tasked with organizing
a workers get-together for staff. Noted as “their official representative” he
oversaw the entire celebration, ensuring there was enough food, speeches and
dancing to take everyone through to 3 in the morning!<a href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>
In November of that year, Robert was given the responsibility of organizing the
entire work force party to celebrate the recent wedding of one of the partners,
John Taylor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Presiding over the whole
event, he picked the menu of “roast beef of old England and plum pudding” for
everyone’s enjoyment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It seemed his
early uncertain start to life was very much behind him; he was clearly a
respected member of the business and earmarked to go places.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With £100 in his pocket as a start up fund, young
and ambitious Robert took everything he had learnt at Taylor’s and went into
partnership with <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joseph Isherwood as hat
manufacturers in their own right in Denton, Lancashire. They required premises,
and applied for permission to erect a shed in December 1875.<a href="#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
In October 1876 the Hurley & Isherwood partnership appeared to be doing
well, and was noted as contributing towards the Bulgarian Relief Fund run by
the Denton and Haughton Committee. Robert and Joseph’s staff also made separate
contributions,<a href="#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a> an
indication business was on the up. They specialised in felt hat manufacturing but
I do wonder if they didn’t realise how saturated that marketplace was. In the
Denton area alone, there were over 70 separate felt hat manufacturing
businesses, with about the same number again of general hat manufacturers.<a href="#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>
Hats were clearly flooding the area and to be a good manufacturer, you had to
be smart and competitive, which, as it turned out, they weren’t. Bankruptcy hit
the business in November 1878, and their creditors meeting held at the Queen’s
Hotel Denton revealed they were in debt to the tune of £3,666 (approximately £360,000
in today’s value), but with assets of only £2,522 (about £250,000 today).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wonder if he did a “runner”, because towards
the end of that year, Robert must have started looking at options to sail to
Hong Kong to start again. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Heading out
to the Far East was the <i>Gleniffer,</i> it departed Gravesend Docks on the 18<sup>th</sup>
January 1879<a href="#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>
and Robert picked it up in Liverpool on the 19<sup>th</sup>.<a href="#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i>Gleniffer</i> is recorded in
Malta on the 30<sup>th</sup> January<a href="#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and it reached the Suez Canal on the 5<sup>th</sup>
February<a href="#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a>.
She then continued to proceed to Singapore, where it arrived on 3<sup>rd</sup> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>March.<a href="#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Robert landed in Hong Kong on the 14<sup>th</sup>
March ready for a new life with a clean slate. Meanwhile Joseph Isherwood
continued alone in the hat making business, only to fall into receivership in
the 1880s.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">My point to
this article is not to rehash an already well researched career in Hong Kong, </span><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/jroyaaisasocihkb.55.135"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(read Jonathan Wattis’s piece in the Journal of
the Royal Asiatic Society Vol. 55 2015)</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>but to
fill in some of the gaps that were unknown at the time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Robert wasn’t the most successful man in the
various things he turned his hand to. Jonathan Wattis sums up Robert’s very
mediocre first 20 years in Hong Kong: <i>“they do not paint a picture of
someone who had made a success of things, or of someone with a clear sense of
where his talents lay….”</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I do not
believe Robert Crisp Hurley took all the photographs in the published books
that are attributed to him. In fact, I think he went as far as deliberately
misleading people to this effect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
doesn’t make sense that a some-time accountant; a some-time laundry manager; a
some-time hotel manager; a some-time grill room manager, would suddenly have
all the necessary skills and experience as well as the very expensive equipment
to be able to produce such images. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
have recently read an interesting conversation thread on </span><a href="http://www.gwulo.com"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">www.gwulo.com</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, where contributor StephenD states<i>:
“…..</i></span><i>there is no hard evidence that Hurley was actually a
photographer and at least some of the images in the 1902-1908 album (it seems
to have had a number of issues) were by identifiable other photographers.
Finding evidence that Hurley actually took photographs, rather than published
books with photographs from unknown sources (for example a book of
images of recently occupied Qingdao in 1899, which Hurley almost certainly
did not take himself) would be a huge plus……..” </i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I
absolutely agree with StephenD. I think Robert Hurley probably watched and
learnt a lot about photography because he was in the right place at the right
time, <i>and</i> married to the right woman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Yes, I can reveal Robert Hurley had a wife, something that has, until
now, been overlooked. Robert married Matilda Eliza Griffith in 1881 in Hong
Kong.<a href="#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a>
She was the sister to D.K. Griffith<a href="#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a>
the well known Hong Kong photographer; you can probably see where this is
going!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When David Knox Griffith died in
1897 his sister Matilda and Robert Hurley were the only family he had in Hong
Kong. I speculate that Robert took over David’s entire stock-in-trade, library,
as well as his equipment, and it was just in time for Hurley to print the
Jubilee celebration booklet using the late David Griffith’s images under his
own name.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like everyone else, he was
under pressure to make a living and provide for his family in any way he could;
after all, he had three daughters, all of whom he and Matilda had adopted;
Margaret, Mary<a href="#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a>,
and Evelyn<a href="#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is unclear if the three girls were genetic
sisters or separate children brought together to form Robert and Matilda’s
family, nevertheless, Robert had responsibilities and after the death of his
brother-in-law, found a good way of making money and staying in the public eye.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Margaret Hurley married William Palmer Baker
in 1903, they went on to have three children: Charlotte born in 1908;
Wilhelmina born in 1912 and Margaret Ryrie born in 1914.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>William’s wife Margaret died sometime around
1920 and he then went on to marry Margaret’s sister Evelyn Hurley in January
1921.<a href="#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a>
William Palmer Baker died in 1936<a href="#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a>
in Shanghai and Evelyn died in 1957<a href="#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a>
in Australia. The other adopted daughter of Robert and Matilda Hurley was Mary
and she had married in 1920<a href="#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a>
to Joseph Anthonio Young, an accountant with Hong Kong firm, Percy Smith &
Seth Fleming.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>David Griffith’s sister, Matilda
Eliza Hurley died in Hong Kong in April 1922 aged 94; she was 17 years older
than Robert, which is likely to account for why they didn’t have any natural children
of their own. Robert had died in Hong Kong in November 1927.<a href="#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[24]</span></span></span></span></a>
The chief mourners were his daughter Mary and her husband Joseph Young. It was
stated in his obituary he had two sisters, but in fact there were at least 7
siblings; 4 brothers, 3 sisters. Two had predeceased him, the others were still
living at the time of his death. None of the siblings had any known connection
to Hong Kong or Robert.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">What of
David Knox Griffith and his sister Matilda?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Matilda and two of her older sisters, Helen and Maria were all born in
County Cavan, Ireland, between 1828 and 1831. It would seem their parents,
William Griffith and Margaret nee Knox had then relocated to Dublin where brothers
Thomas Robert Griffith was born in 1838 and then David Knox Griffith was born
in 1840. Birth records note William as a merchant/shopkeeper or commercial
traveller. Perhaps there was more to him than just a shopkeeper because the
marriage notice for Matilda to Robert Hurley states that her father (William)
was “of Dublin, and St. Thomas, West Indies” and that Matilda was also “the
granddaughter of Thomas Knox of Stone Hall Co. Mayo, and late Coroner for the
county.” What a gift this notice was to me, so much information in such a small
space!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1859 aged just 19, David Knox
Griffith was living in St. Lawrence in Norfolk.<a href="#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[25]</span></span></span></span></a>
By 1861 he was lodging at 67 Albany Street, St. Pancras, London, his occupation
was artist. Between 1868 and 1870 he remained in Norfolk as an artist and
photographer<a href="#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[26]</span></span></span></span></a>
and by 1874<a href="#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[27]</span></span></span></span></a>
he had transited to Shanghai working for W. Saunders as a photographic
assistant.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The 1881
and 1882 Hong Kong Jury Lists show Griffith with A. Fong, Queens Road, while
R.C. Hurley is noted as an Assistant with Sayle & Co. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In 1883
Griffith was commissioned by Capt. Kettlewell to sail on board his yacht <i>Marchesa</i>
with a view to take photographs of the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>next phase of a planned expedition. </span><a href="https://www.dailyexpress.com.my/read/4455/yacht-marchesa-pays-a-visit/"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">https://www.dailyexpress.com.my/read/4455/yacht-marchesa-pays-a-visit/</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This yacht
was to be home for the next year, and a two volume account of this trip was
written by F.H.H. Guillemard, confirming Griffith as the photographer. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhPVayHlDSJ4ZWysR4BjZ-FlSZkyucvcw9bCllB9mJTAQ_Spog4m6hzHN7VUdrf7VFZE8aIxIXW_gjEmz68pLpGKBIjSuH8-V7CZPltjOKNFZKlAp0hovjR2GcX42ZiRaHwDs5wC6sUv4/s662/1884+january+19+DK+Griffith+photos+of+new+Guinea+and+Moluccas+Straits+Times+Weekly.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="622" data-original-width="662" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhPVayHlDSJ4ZWysR4BjZ-FlSZkyucvcw9bCllB9mJTAQ_Spog4m6hzHN7VUdrf7VFZE8aIxIXW_gjEmz68pLpGKBIjSuH8-V7CZPltjOKNFZKlAp0hovjR2GcX42ZiRaHwDs5wC6sUv4/s320/1884+january+19+DK+Griffith+photos+of+new+Guinea+and+Moluccas+Straits+Times+Weekly.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Straits Times Weekly January 1884<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Some
images from this trip were put for sale in Singapore at the Armenian company of
Moses & Co. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An advertisement in the
Straits Times dated 19<sup>th</sup> January 1884, states Griffith took several
interesting photographs of <i>“New Guinea, the Moluccas, and elsewhere”.</i> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">You can
read the account of the trip to acquire flora and fauna samples here:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">‘The
Cruise of the Marchesa to Kamschatka & New Guinea with notices of Formosa,
Liu-Kiu, and various islands of the Malay Archipelago’</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> By F.H.H. Guillemard. <i>With maps
and numerous woodcuts drawn by J. Keaulemans, C. Whymper and others and
engraved by Edward Whymper</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Vol. 1 </span><a href="https://archive.org/details/cruiseofmarchesa01guil"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">https://archive.org/details/cruiseofmarchesa01guil</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Vol.2 </span><a href="https://archive.org/details/cruiseofmarchesa02guil/page/n9/mode/2up"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">https://archive.org/details/cruiseofmarchesa02guil/page/n9/mode/2up</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In 1884
,1885 & 1887 Mrs. R.C. Hurley is noted in Ice House Street, whilst R.C.
Hurley is the manager of the Hongkong Steam Laundry in 1887.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Meanwhile, in 1887 Griffith was advertising his
work in Hong Kong as “the newest and best published photographs with the
greatest degree of permanency”.<a href="#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[28]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In 1896
R.C. Hurley is the manager of Thomas’s Grill Room,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I believe
that David being a talented and experienced artist and photographer, just
happened to be <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a convenient new
direction and subject for Robert to exploit for his own agenda. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYkBKpDiFm9Yy_lsaOlufG0IwlKQW6zYQ9TyWlVluHdtAs0qt16pwGRn2LjOHXq_EIt-xDD_GTUGgqMiOQU7Biy35xMt3gfqNPETRiP9Q0Ww_IwiXgAM6BCUOd8OWowWV-nLPx5LWoZ94/s1152/hk+ANTIQUE+PHOTO+CHINESE+CHINA+CANTON+HONGKONG+MACAU+ALBUMEN+VIEW+BUILDING+1890+04-1a-Colorized0-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="961" data-original-width="1152" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYkBKpDiFm9Yy_lsaOlufG0IwlKQW6zYQ9TyWlVluHdtAs0qt16pwGRn2LjOHXq_EIt-xDD_GTUGgqMiOQU7Biy35xMt3gfqNPETRiP9Q0Ww_IwiXgAM6BCUOd8OWowWV-nLPx5LWoZ94/s320/hk+ANTIQUE+PHOTO+CHINESE+CHINA+CANTON+HONGKONG+MACAU+ALBUMEN+VIEW+BUILDING+1890+04-1a-Colorized0-a.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Liz Chater's archive. A typical image<br />David Griffith would have taken<br /></td></tr></tbody></table> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Seeing an opportunity,
he tapped into the extensive stock and supply of maps and images that David had
created, Robert took the opportunity to use whatever he could, and does not
appear to have made any effort to credit David Griffith at any point. More
recently some of David’s work came up for sale that can clearly be attributed
to Griffith’s, </span><a href="https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-10-16/Exhibition-History-of-180-years-revealed-through-the-old-photos-UDQtgsAtYA/index.html" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">in 2020 there
were four albums sold at auction </span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">held at the </span>Yingyi Auction House<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">in Beijing, Li
Yi general manager said: <i>“these </i></span></span><i>are valuable records
for studying Chinese history. We can also see clear clues of the photographer's
career development through these four books of pictures……”. </i><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In Hong
Kong, David’s passing in 1897 seems to have been low key; there is only a wall
plaque in the </span><span class="info">Ossuary, there is no conventional plot.
Matilda also has a wall plaque in the Ossuary as well, this struck me as quite
odd considering their Irish background.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="info"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipRLXBnOCXJNz3jiWp6pLHXzcFTGQZPHYePtKGgvwI37bcaHhtz9p1XpstKkIjgdVGPuSDdhssDMq50Yuh-f1l4YdFgsmUphDOZe7n92DZ5Pu9tL5QBc4LecaFRqPgVJHVFaXMvZOaJ9g/s513/david+knox+griffith+wall+plaque+hk+cemetery.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="439" data-original-width="513" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipRLXBnOCXJNz3jiWp6pLHXzcFTGQZPHYePtKGgvwI37bcaHhtz9p1XpstKkIjgdVGPuSDdhssDMq50Yuh-f1l4YdFgsmUphDOZe7n92DZ5Pu9tL5QBc4LecaFRqPgVJHVFaXMvZOaJ9g/w200-h171/david+knox+griffith+wall+plaque+hk+cemetery.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="info"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRQMEqrgpuJ_Wx-dsx9QlGgTRlx5lY0ne7PuhoMzL5H7w_bMnr7Cm-tc81HiKTNpCjHB1YmHITGL1DHERLoikyP0Jn1zxW3hvnRRGA1mQRlC2kuRhmghckdzcfYSKSZFN71ZTzE9bvuOg/s839/matilda+hurley+hk+cemetery.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="731" data-original-width="839" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRQMEqrgpuJ_Wx-dsx9QlGgTRlx5lY0ne7PuhoMzL5H7w_bMnr7Cm-tc81HiKTNpCjHB1YmHITGL1DHERLoikyP0Jn1zxW3hvnRRGA1mQRlC2kuRhmghckdzcfYSKSZFN71ZTzE9bvuOg/w200-h174/matilda+hurley+hk+cemetery.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Images:
findagrave. Memorials in Hong Kong of David Knox Griffith and his sister Matilda Hurley</span> <br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiORb0K6NkKIyKSCuQ-4ZlBBS6oJkb47kx1txN4Upan2hcmsxtp7EPo6DvlK9RID5uULwl5miG66xbn8bToVcqzV1RwFMtHL8Od9cUtS6lB_PqdbbVV3RFGJ2FpfspeOYkRJE1R_pyvxaM/s2048/family+tree+of+robert+crisp+hurley-2a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1788" data-original-width="2048" height="558" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiORb0K6NkKIyKSCuQ-4ZlBBS6oJkb47kx1txN4Upan2hcmsxtp7EPo6DvlK9RID5uULwl5miG66xbn8bToVcqzV1RwFMtHL8Od9cUtS6lB_PqdbbVV3RFGJ2FpfspeOYkRJE1R_pyvxaM/w640-h558/family+tree+of+robert+crisp+hurley-2a.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Simple family tree of Robert Crisp Hurley<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> England
& Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915 Vol 3, P.295 District: Islington.
Certificate obtained<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1851 Census</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">National Burial Index, Buckhurst
Hill Records</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Morning Herald 30<sup>th</sup>
December 1859</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Morning Herald 29<sup>th</sup>
June 1860</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">National Burial Index, Buckhurst
Hill Records</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Denton, Haughton and District
Weekly News 9<sup>th</sup> January 1874</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hyde & Glossop Weekly News 8<sup>th</sup>
January 1876</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hyde & Glossop Weekly News 14<sup>th</sup>
October 1876</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Commercial Directory of
Liverpool and Shipping Guide 1877</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Shipping Intelligence 22<sup>nd</sup>
January 1879</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Shipping and Mercantile Gazette 23<sup>rd</sup>
January 1879</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Liverpool Journal of Commerce 1<sup>st</sup>
February 1879</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Shipping and Mercantile Gazette 6<sup>th</sup>
February 1879</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Shipping and Merchant Gazette 4<sup>th</sup>
March 1879</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Overland China Express 31<sup>st</sup>
October 1881</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Family records obtained via Irish
Genealogy dataset</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn18" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Their marriage announcements in 1903
and 1920 both state they were adopted daughters of R.C. Hurley</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn19" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A Canadian passenger list of 1<sup>st</sup>
July 1914 states she was en route to visit her sister in Shanghai.</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn20" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Overland China Mail 20<sup>th</sup>
January 1921</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn21" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">England and Wales Probate Calendar
15<sup>th</sup> June 1937</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn22" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">England and Wales Probate Calendar 1<sup>st</sup>
July 1959</span></p>
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<div id="ftn23" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">South China Morning Post</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn24" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[24]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hong Kong Daily Press 16<sup>th</sup>
November 1927</span></p>
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<div id="ftn25" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[25]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">UK Poll Books and Electoral Register</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn26" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[26]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">UK City and County Directories</span></p>
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<div id="ftn27" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[27]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">China Directory 1874</span></p>
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<div id="ftn28" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[28]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hong Kong Daily Press 6<sup>th</sup>
June 1887</span></p>
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Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-38017329726645841562021-11-11T15:29:00.006+00:002022-10-02T17:49:42.106+01:001944 Letters From Afar: 'Your Ever Loving Grandson'<p> </p><p><br /><br /> </p><br /><p></p><br /><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnJ1eWrK_mwJMf-p6F4yLa6R2JiR47in7PYnXYIOp6ko3v8PydSQKIEupmMuVF8i9x7NRZ6eEqaa0W8x1gnvV0zROSRrE3b8vaQI_I7FpfBZ8an1Xo2-N-G8nE1xScLHqV5xvcGXloyafg2LSwVW_7zalyTW0ZqgG0SWJex_AUCjKCDeRaZyodr70N/s1035/via%20greg%20marcar%20-%20George%20Mackertich%20the%20Missionary.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1035" data-original-width="724" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnJ1eWrK_mwJMf-p6F4yLa6R2JiR47in7PYnXYIOp6ko3v8PydSQKIEupmMuVF8i9x7NRZ6eEqaa0W8x1gnvV0zROSRrE3b8vaQI_I7FpfBZ8an1Xo2-N-G8nE1xScLHqV5xvcGXloyafg2LSwVW_7zalyTW0ZqgG0SWJex_AUCjKCDeRaZyodr70N/s320/via%20greg%20marcar%20-%20George%20Mackertich%20the%20Missionary.jpg" width="224" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">George Mackertich<br />Armenian Missionary, Julfa.<br />Image courtesy of Gregory Macar<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <p></p><p>Martin Sarkies was two years into his stay at La Martiniere School, Lucknow. He wrote regularly to his mother and grandfather back in Julfa.</p><p></p><p> </p><p><span style="background-color: #04ff00;">I have highlighted in GREEN references to people/family. </span><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_rpVRAdzf9WyizTdPYBkz1KxugL9bypUrkHJihXLWZZio2wZ-xMbRs8Yxb-FyvIlmXT9_3ia5HF86E9pe2QG62IG_F-uK0UfAKqHMdPUJPt3bQlwEV8Wmx9y_5s5CU4YbY1ODcx-XUvM/s2048/1944+February+4+Box+4%252C+Folder+11+letter+from+martin+john+sarkies+to+his+grandfather-00_Page_1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_rpVRAdzf9WyizTdPYBkz1KxugL9bypUrkHJihXLWZZio2wZ-xMbRs8Yxb-FyvIlmXT9_3ia5HF86E9pe2QG62IG_F-uK0UfAKqHMdPUJPt3bQlwEV8Wmx9y_5s5CU4YbY1ODcx-XUvM/w452-h640/1944+February+4+Box+4%252C+Folder+11+letter+from+martin+john+sarkies+to+his+grandfather-00_Page_1.jpg" width="452" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisga9Kj8pZdAYtqAFkoRsOUw5XufHAiwnsAsah0dK5f-UjrSMj25YBCFlmiVySqQlg6KotNJlJor2-lZrHfaufOSeo3Da-lM3zU6W6-76L9N6h4MJ_Xpta1J2vJAVOJklR9JO_6sO-6vs/s2048/1944+February+4+Box+4%252C+Folder+11+letter+from+martin+john+sarkies+to+his+grandfather-00_Page_2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisga9Kj8pZdAYtqAFkoRsOUw5XufHAiwnsAsah0dK5f-UjrSMj25YBCFlmiVySqQlg6KotNJlJor2-lZrHfaufOSeo3Da-lM3zU6W6-76L9N6h4MJ_Xpta1J2vJAVOJklR9JO_6sO-6vs/w452-h640/1944+February+4+Box+4%252C+Folder+11+letter+from+martin+john+sarkies+to+his+grandfather-00_Page_2.jpg" width="452" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjjKwuosBRSxV1EtZXnWu1s_P9iEfxNg_3qgzI_nwRZhY65DonZMOfWhhjqf3BMqq6Ayc11VjkG9wfEE3ioBOCFqeEBLihZlj6T-p11AHvH1_JxdC4CYmKzyHhq3-4pEVSYSLlMFJUVNU/s2048/1944+February+4+Box+4%252C+Folder+11+letter+from+martin+john+sarkies+to+his+grandfather-00_Page_3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjjKwuosBRSxV1EtZXnWu1s_P9iEfxNg_3qgzI_nwRZhY65DonZMOfWhhjqf3BMqq6Ayc11VjkG9wfEE3ioBOCFqeEBLihZlj6T-p11AHvH1_JxdC4CYmKzyHhq3-4pEVSYSLlMFJUVNU/w452-h640/1944+February+4+Box+4%252C+Folder+11+letter+from+martin+john+sarkies+to+his+grandfather-00_Page_3.jpg" width="452" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh8fygz668ZLCIpjF-RqDQJ_TPPzRmIs_hUGyr0rqRmMWjMvqCItEhULMMwZ-kboekvR89KNPDYF04BpM_OQrt_y_3ELjCyXMhKzZdyFIWItpepEv0dzk4ISPgTsKGY3JP92h8qlJBRic/s1654/1944+February+4+Box+4%252C+Folder+11+letter+from+martin+john+sarkies+to+his+grandfather-00_Page_4.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1348" data-original-width="1654" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh8fygz668ZLCIpjF-RqDQJ_TPPzRmIs_hUGyr0rqRmMWjMvqCItEhULMMwZ-kboekvR89KNPDYF04BpM_OQrt_y_3ELjCyXMhKzZdyFIWItpepEv0dzk4ISPgTsKGY3JP92h8qlJBRic/w400-h326/1944+February+4+Box+4%252C+Folder+11+letter+from+martin+john+sarkies+to+his+grandfather-00_Page_4.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYMiWiooB11KxfzbARAO-8xExSc2ECg9IJF8D7CgDAPVf61LPkn-AB9ObgHyIf1hoVEz6jLNbW3bYn6z8uCz8AlLX7-iBO2zqZBY5D8TMqbKkWZ4HdXHIND1bKzR6bkiY-WR2NIiYXcBA/s2048/1944+February+4+Box+4%252C+Folder+11+letter+from+martin+john+sarkies+to+his+grandfather-00_Page_4.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKBQwwwZUZU9G72p-wtB4HA5yrG6sAWnnka63zje0-DCYuQO3fXtInS0kDG6xisWrAtRLcnbeBNE4erQTYA0dTDKH46t2ml3Ykk2mjWgLKzoMKVwkTGs8pkfTNOvWTMJ1L-7F7C2ZOS2g/s2048/1944+February+4+letter+from+martin+john+sarkies+to+his+grandfather-cropped.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1277" data-original-width="2048" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKBQwwwZUZU9G72p-wtB4HA5yrG6sAWnnka63zje0-DCYuQO3fXtInS0kDG6xisWrAtRLcnbeBNE4erQTYA0dTDKH46t2ml3Ykk2mjWgLKzoMKVwkTGs8pkfTNOvWTMJ1L-7F7C2ZOS2g/w400-h250/1944+February+4+letter+from+martin+john+sarkies+to+his+grandfather-cropped.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extract of letter written by young Martin Sarkies<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com2La Martiniere Rd, Martin Purva, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India26.839608 80.9630565-1.4706258361788471 45.806806499999993 55.149841836178844 116.1193065tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-56130083358358519882021-11-10T13:20:00.005+00:002022-10-02T17:50:39.170+01:001943 Letters From Afar: 'I Remain Your Darling Martin'<br /><p></p><p></p><p><br /></p><br /><p></p><p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLLQRgARKl3JuEyg6NNX5d2aFCnth4c30pbaXVASg9HTu7gLxVD9ICHsBgyd0a6axhSqRztxJ3YhpH9-1CA_Jv2oFe82zGXU9vrhghzea4Qkc-zDlARwC3pAMJeT55F1Ra9aaz9SjSN96r2u7rvDh9RJTUmJUDjBkRU0oIy-NmV7s9lJjVWGAKYP2n/s1035/via%20greg%20marcar%20-%20George%20Mackertich%20the%20Missionary.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1035" data-original-width="724" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLLQRgARKl3JuEyg6NNX5d2aFCnth4c30pbaXVASg9HTu7gLxVD9ICHsBgyd0a6axhSqRztxJ3YhpH9-1CA_Jv2oFe82zGXU9vrhghzea4Qkc-zDlARwC3pAMJeT55F1Ra9aaz9SjSN96r2u7rvDh9RJTUmJUDjBkRU0oIy-NmV7s9lJjVWGAKYP2n/s320/via%20greg%20marcar%20-%20George%20Mackertich%20the%20Missionary.jpg" width="224" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">George Mackertich<br />Armenian Missionary, Julfa.<br />Image courtesy of Gregory Macar</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </p><p>George Mackertich, Armenian by birth, but a Missionary preacher with the Bible Society for over 50 years in Iran, Iraq and India. </p><p></p><p> </p><p>He had married and had five children, he went on to have 12 grandchildren and a further 5 great grandchildren. His youngest child, Rosie, had married John Martyrose Sarkies in Julfa and their son, Martin Sarkies, was born in 1925. Rosie's husband John had died only a few months after the birth of their son. </p><p> </p><p>The following letters show what a delightful young man Martin turned into. He was sent to India for his education and these incredible notes from his time during his schooling at La Martiniere for Boys' in Calcutta and Lucknow, give a delightful glimpse of the family network and the love they had for each other. Both boys' and girls' schools had been evacuated on the 24th March 1942 to Lucknow due to WW2. This letter was written in 1943; this and subsequent letters were written from La Martiniere, Lucknow.<br /></p><p><span style="background-color: #04ff00;">I have highlighted in GREEN references to people/family.</span><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw_HOEb3l1QxfYpJIFHWtLqYNYAQ1cWW5-ZvdRNT-H8BK2CjHhynK3cP_nPQyz6tTKvZuvNAd-arnYWgFR4d6fWM5pxFawJ-Ayp5rv8Mi-Bv19WfPx7OxpOtRMJtNllDsU7c-TrqK2n4k/s2048/1943+letter+from+martin+sarkies+to+his+mother+Varthoohi+%252B+grandfather+Geo+M+George-00_Page_1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw_HOEb3l1QxfYpJIFHWtLqYNYAQ1cWW5-ZvdRNT-H8BK2CjHhynK3cP_nPQyz6tTKvZuvNAd-arnYWgFR4d6fWM5pxFawJ-Ayp5rv8Mi-Bv19WfPx7OxpOtRMJtNllDsU7c-TrqK2n4k/w452-h640/1943+letter+from+martin+sarkies+to+his+mother+Varthoohi+%252B+grandfather+Geo+M+George-00_Page_1.jpg" width="452" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOrwTSE4d3HBS7vgbOQ65yrnd3daL5lQbcWGJG3OMH74VTJBHDcX0W3fiBllXQl4RLMOP59Lnw9XFa4y4p5JMlkitmBatAP4MXswfnaABEup_TmTfC0WKt13ntdem5HryJhjcYz8DkLzI/s2048/1943+letter+from+martin+sarkies+to+his+mother+Varthoohi+%252B+grandfather+Geo+M+George-00_Page_2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOrwTSE4d3HBS7vgbOQ65yrnd3daL5lQbcWGJG3OMH74VTJBHDcX0W3fiBllXQl4RLMOP59Lnw9XFa4y4p5JMlkitmBatAP4MXswfnaABEup_TmTfC0WKt13ntdem5HryJhjcYz8DkLzI/w452-h640/1943+letter+from+martin+sarkies+to+his+mother+Varthoohi+%252B+grandfather+Geo+M+George-00_Page_2.jpg" width="452" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7w_-sYdP_56eknemwAXZQVWaTZ0yl4pN3rdeHks6ARMhqqQQRErAQnUoIqLkNyIJHNOgjXXndg5JHF0K7fb9zo9XC_mq8bpPKa26GcWkqWimezeX3-M-ZJEulIIC8fu3zUAgNDC8YXTo/s2048/1943+letter+from+martin+sarkies+to+his+mother+Varthoohi+%252B+grandfather+Geo+M+George-00_Page_3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; 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text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheQGwgzw7LTJ-s9XPDiQJx9IqMypa_Kl1JqWdvgtCcxYehz1HlQ0oofgExip3p4Rj5aFB0ENZSpPmUDJlxPKX_50iEyXx08ksocs2pZ-Ws342maK64T9e66M4tICp5NHJCpchsEF_Z-0c/s2640/letter+from+martin+sarkies+to+his+mother+Varthoohi+%252B+grandfather+Geo+M+George-crop.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1191" data-original-width="2640" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheQGwgzw7LTJ-s9XPDiQJx9IqMypa_Kl1JqWdvgtCcxYehz1HlQ0oofgExip3p4Rj5aFB0ENZSpPmUDJlxPKX_50iEyXx08ksocs2pZ-Ws342maK64T9e66M4tICp5NHJCpchsEF_Z-0c/w400-h180/letter+from+martin+sarkies+to+his+mother+Varthoohi+%252B+grandfather+Geo+M+George-crop.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extract of the letter written by young Martin Sarkies<br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br /><br />Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0La Martiniere Rd, Martin Purva, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India26.839608 80.963056526.333050462200791 80.41374009375 27.346165537799205 81.51237290625tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-65291717520885537352021-07-13T15:26:00.000+01:002021-07-13T15:26:41.988+01:00Charles Lazarus & Co., of Calcutta, Cabinet Makers: Not Armenian but Talented Jewish Immigrants from Wales<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--></p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I've had a Calcutta family in my
files for a little while, I researched them about
five years ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had observed that
sometimes people had mixed them up with an Armenian family with a similar surname.
With a name like Jacob Lazarus, whose wife was Eliza, you'd think that these
were Armenian. After all, one of their sons, Edward married a Greek woman in
Dacca, and it is commonly known there were several Armenian/Greek unions in
India. This was probably a similar situation, right? </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Wrong.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Having traced the Greek
side of this family, and its Bangladesh connections I had noticed some people
had assumed this particular Lazarus family were Armenian. There are of course a
number of Armenians in Bengal with the Lazarus name and with family connections
in Calcutta as well as Madras. However, the family of Lazarus I was researching
turned out not to be one of them. To put the record straight, I thought I would
share my findings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Charles Lazarus, the founder of
C. Lazarus & Co, Calcutta, a well-known cabinet maker in the city was one
of at least six children of Jacob and Eliza Lazarus, of Carmarthen, South Wales.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He was born there in 1823, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>his Jewish father had been a popular and well
established jeweller and pawnbroker in the town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jacob had passed away in Carmarthen in early
1835, his wife Eliza died eight months later, Charles was only 12 years of age.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Welsh community extended their
condolences to the much liked and respected Lazarus family whose Jewish
ancestry stretched back to Eastern Europe. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Charles’s older brother Benjamin
had come to Calcutta in the early 1830s and had quickly secured a position with
George Page as a cabinet maker<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>.
Charles sailed to Calcutta on board the <i>Saint George</i> from the port of
Bristol on 1<sup>st</sup> August 1838.<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
He and his younger brother, Edward John Lazarus <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>arrived in December 1838.<a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charles, at 15 years of age, looked after his
younger 13 year old sibling, it must have been exciting and terrifying at the
same time to make such a voyage to a land they had probably only heard about in
letters.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Charles and the now established
Benjamin set up a business together. At the beginning they weren’t wholly
successful, suffering insolvency in January 1846,<a href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>
but by May of that year they were both in a position to apply for their final
discharge from that status and began to slowly build up the business, Benjamin
being the lead cabinet maker between them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8kH92WwIPax9HmHbjB5Vk8-0GgfcStuGjDYROGFJGNlam2V5hWxSABSiFPByTT8P-xWDxK6NXg_IOCyh21sUY1kzEtV5un6AW5Zs0M9S7cg3mUdc4I20ZuK-aGSwgcUUTf-I6eo5Ocj4/s1811/2021-07-13_15-17-08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Typical advertisement for C. Lazarus & Co." border="0" data-original-height="604" data-original-width="1811" height="134" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8kH92WwIPax9HmHbjB5Vk8-0GgfcStuGjDYROGFJGNlam2V5hWxSABSiFPByTT8P-xWDxK6NXg_IOCyh21sUY1kzEtV5un6AW5Zs0M9S7cg3mUdc4I20ZuK-aGSwgcUUTf-I6eo5Ocj4/w400-h134/2021-07-13_15-17-08.jpg" title="Typical advertisement for C. Lazarus & Co." width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Typical advertisement for C. Lazarus & Co.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">By 1850 Charles and Benjamin had
found the commercial formula that allowed them to carve a very successful
career. Charles had married in early 1850, instantly becoming a step-father to
3 children, and eventually a father to 4 of his own. In the 1860s, following
the death of George Shearwood, owner and founder of cabinet makers Shearwood
& Co., Charles acquired the business and ran the two together.<a href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
The Shearwood enterprise specialised in the ‘new sport’ of billiards, and was
the popular establishment people turned to for new billiard tables or
re-cushioning requirements of old ones.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Charles, ever the enterprising salesman, astutely changed the date the
business was established from 1833 to 1820, which was when Shearwood & Co.,
had been established. Numerous Lazarus & Co., advertisements in newspapers
carried both dates, but the true date of the Lazarus enterprise start-up was
1833 under the leadership of Charles’s older brother Benjamin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Benjamin was only 51 years of age
when he died in London in 1861. Poignantly, buried with him in Brompton Road cemetery
are two nieces; Florence Etherington aged 4 years, daughter of his sister
Sarah, and Emma Maria Bowerman, aged 31 years, daughter of his brother Charles.<a href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Charles continued with his very
successful business in Calcutta where he eventually passed away in 1881. Although
he was the name and face behind Lazarus & Co., it was very much a family
affair with extended family joining the company and being part of the team of
craftsmen Charles employed. Today, it may be surprising to learn that some of
the cabinetry created by Lazarus & Co., sells for several thousand Pounds
Sterling, other, less decorated pieces, sell for a few hundred Pounds. The
business was continued by Charles’s two sons, Charles and Francis, but they too
experienced the despair of insolvency in 1886, but they did claw their way back
to some sort of financial stability by the middle of 1887. Incidentally, both
sons changed their surname by deed poll from Lazarus to Lamour,<a href="#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
but they continued to trade under the well-known flag name of C. Lazarus &
Co; a smart move as it was a well established brand name synonymous with high
quality work, reliability and affordable.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">And what of the other brother
Edward John Lazarus? He too had a stake in cabinet making, albeit briefly, but,
more importantly, he qualified as a doctor, and became a well know and
respected physician in Benares. His first wife was Harriet nee Athanes of Dhaka.<a href="#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>
He went on to marry twice more. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I should also point out that
there is <b><i>absolutely no family connection whatsoever</i></b> between the
generous and philanthropic Armenian, Joseph Lazarus of Dhaka, who was born in
Julfa in 1846 and the Calcutta cabinet making Lazarus family above.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There was nothing Armenian about
Charles Lazarus. His London based pencil-making grandfather Henry was very much
Jewish. In his will, part of which was written in Hebrew, Henry requested to be
buried in the Jewish Cemetery in Ducking Pond Lane, London.<a href="#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">If you are the lucky owner of
some fabulously fashioned furniture by C. Lazarus & Co., you may rest
assured it was created with the skill and craftsmanship that flowed through the
veins of a very long family line of enterprising and talented Jewish immigrants
who settled in India from South Wales.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Family history: Watch out for the
red-herrings others throw out there through their well-intentioned stories.
Always fact check. Don't necessarily trust your instincts, nor those of others,
dig out the elusive facts.</span></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Carmarthenshire Wales, Anglican
Baptism, Marriage and Burial records</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Calcutta Monthly Journal and General
Register 1836</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bristol Mercury July 1838<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Friend of India Dec 1838</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Insolvency notice London Gazette
1846</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Friend of India </span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Brompton Cemetery Register</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Times of India Feb 1881</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">N1-67-62</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a> England
and Wales <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Prerogative Court of
Canterbury Wills</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p> </p>Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-16565576780002501242021-06-09T20:19:00.004+01:002021-06-09T20:31:58.951+01:00Take One Orange, Add A Twist<p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXuP06T5roYaey-dxGDCPwOHWmB-xUFL27bEjOd_mLvhii9wbRdzJmGv8qnhKANlZPNEDS3yHz4mNQTFtm9MeA2C0zib5g5mEyklRtD9bGsrAmn_BFuLRI7IJWFv_B7SbMKvsIHOQh0i4/s2048/chater+college-bizenware+montage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1408" data-original-width="2048" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXuP06T5roYaey-dxGDCPwOHWmB-xUFL27bEjOd_mLvhii9wbRdzJmGv8qnhKANlZPNEDS3yHz4mNQTFtm9MeA2C0zib5g5mEyklRtD9bGsrAmn_BFuLRI7IJWFv_B7SbMKvsIHOQh0i4/w400-h275/chater+college-bizenware+montage.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Chater Collection and Bizen-Ware Collection of Sir Catchick Paul Chater by James Orange.<br />Image: Liz Chater's private archive.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />This isn’t
so much about James Orange’s successful career in Hong Kong, it is about his
early life and in particular, the first journey that took him to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">fragrant harbour</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">. He</span> is, of course, remembered for his engineering skills in
Hong Kong, predominantly the <a href="https://industrialhistoryhk.org/hong-kong-waterworks-november-1889/" target="_blank">Tytam Waterworks project</a>. He is also famously
known for pulling together the <a href="http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~sirpaulchater/genealogy/biography_Paul_Chater.html" target="_blank"><i>Chater Collection</i> </a>book that catalogued
the 430 paintings and drawings that made up this unique and valuable art owned
by Sir Catchick Paul Chater.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>James was a
collector in his own right and it is very likely that he and his good friend
Sir Paul Chater spent some time during their 40 year friendship discussing,
comparing, even gossiping about their joint love of Oriental art, china and
porcelain ware. Was James influenced and encouraged by Sir Paul? It is very
likely, their areas of interest where the same, for instance, they both
collected Chinnery. If you were to visit the Victoria and Albert Museum or the
British Museum in London to view James’s collection, I would like to think that
you would be seeing a portion in mirror-image of what was in the <i>Chater
Collection</i>, which is now sadly lost, apart from 80 pieces housed at the
Museum of History in Hong Kong.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">But what of
James Orange? He was the energetic and enterprising head of Leigh and Orange, a
firm of architects and civil engineers, associated with most of the big schemes
of modernizing and extending Hongkong during the late 19<sup>th</sup> century.
His friendship with Sir Paul Chater developed during an exciting time of growth
and expansion in Hong Kong, one that Sir Paul was spearheading. Such building
and engineering projects required a cool head, analytical mind and a design
visionary to match his own unbridled ideas. Sir Paul was <i>the</i>
mover-and-shaker that was making Hong Kong an enviable place to be both
economically and personally.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I imagine
that if Sir Paul said “<i>how do I do this?”</i> James<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>replied <i>“leave it with me”.</i> James was
behind Chater’s vision of strong durable wharves and godowns, and the skills he
used during his early engineering career in England gave him the confidence to
make the strongest buildings for Chater’s Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown
Company. James was instrumental in the creation of almost the entire premises
and docks of the Hongkong and Whampoa Dock Co., the wharves and godowns of
Alfred Holt & Co., the piers and wharves of the Star Ferry, the huge installations
of the Asiatic Petroleum and Standard Oil Companies, as well as the Hongkong
Rope Works, Green Island Cement Works, and the Junk Bay Flour Mill, to name but
a few. All of which had some connection to Sir Paul Chater, whether it was as a
creator, a company director, investor or advisor, somewhere in the burgeoning
businesses of the up-and-coming Hong Kong, Sir Paul had a part to play. Then of
course there was Sir Paul’s own showcase home, Marble Hall, and Sir Paul’s
generous donation of funds to enable St. Andrew’s Church to be erected in
Kowloon. Conveniently adjacent to this own land and back garden; all designed
by the talents in the staff of Leigh & Orange. Chater would not have anyone
else other than James when it came to the big reclamation project that he
undertook. It was a trusted and professional working relationship from which
they both benefited, as well as a trusted and solid personal friendship bound
by their respective love for the Orient. Their friendship mirrored the kind of foundations
James used for his buildings; solid, sturdy and completely reliable.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Early
Orange Life</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Very few, if any, know of the early years because his life in Hong Kong acted as a separating barrier to his family back in England. James’s
father, George, was a salty seafaring ship owning captain, based in Jersey, Channel
Islands. He was born at St. Brelade, Jersey, in 1810, one of the sons of the
shipowner Jean Orange and Anne Orange (née Le Brocq). He had been an
apprentice, mate and master in the foreign trade for 26 years when his Master’s
Certificate of Service (number 45019) was issued in 1851. His first engagement
as master was in the Brazil trade in 1834. He became master of the schooner <i>AMELIA</i>
(1834) in 1837 and in the following year managed to save her cargo after she
was stranded on rocks in the Black Sea. Between 1839 and 1845 he was master of
the schooner <i>AMICUS</i> (1839). Later in life he had ship owning interests
as part of the partnership of Orange and Briard, including the barque <i>AMICUS</i>
(1856) and full-rigged ship <i>FORT REGENT</i> (1863), employed in the India
and China trades. George Orange died at St. Helier in 1871<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">George had
married Mary Pirouet in August 1839 in St. Helier, Jersey. They had at least 10
children. James was born on 21<sup>st</sup> November 1856 in St. Helier,
Jersey. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjycJN6Gy8jXNMaIfv0DhbG8JBkoLnNp1mn1NDsvzgalvRDM5OoulX2lNjPjWUIQEf3Emouw9EWWDSf9PAfo6Z1siUVQDBzbhDJLrbyk0jec7XZsnkqG99i4wGcPBN0ITfWYR5WA1B08ic/s1585/james+%252B+francis+orange+baptism+record+snippet-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="519" data-original-width="1585" height="131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjycJN6Gy8jXNMaIfv0DhbG8JBkoLnNp1mn1NDsvzgalvRDM5OoulX2lNjPjWUIQEf3Emouw9EWWDSf9PAfo6Z1siUVQDBzbhDJLrbyk0jec7XZsnkqG99i4wGcPBN0ITfWYR5WA1B08ic/w400-h131/james+%252B+francis+orange+baptism+record+snippet-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Baptism entry for twins James and Francis Orange in St. Helier, Jersey.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">He and his
twin brother, Francis, both chose the same path; they were educated together
and subsequently took their engineering apprenticeships together, both
qualifying as civil engineers at exactly the same time, on the 8<sup>th</sup>
February 1876.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During their apprenticeships,
they worked on the same projects, and as twins, their bond must have been even
stronger than most. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaGdnr_6WzIA2IKmSVuMJnbDxoFLq1YvmHHeuFpp3aHGo39RQ7ObbXHV-uQZIbEk8Hn3M156vPbeqyO6W6Y5XqNcdPwpMxrCIFKG1cqNQ_dw-HKG26gicKUE6r5_ajBIAhe_sT8-zBMuo/s486/orange+twin+boys.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="486" data-original-width="320" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaGdnr_6WzIA2IKmSVuMJnbDxoFLq1YvmHHeuFpp3aHGo39RQ7ObbXHV-uQZIbEk8Hn3M156vPbeqyO6W6Y5XqNcdPwpMxrCIFKG1cqNQ_dw-HKG26gicKUE6r5_ajBIAhe_sT8-zBMuo/s320/orange+twin+boys.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Not the best image. The twins, James and Francis Orange, Jersey Channel Islands.<br />Image: Society Jersiaise photographic archive<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">They both
entered the profession in 1872 under the guidance of civil engineers Edward
Perrett and Charles Whitaker, both serving as indentured pupils for the next 5
years. They were given separate lead responsibilities but also shared their
design ideas. For example, Francis was given </span>sole charge of erection of
the Grape Sugar Corp. Factory,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and
Floating Swimming Bath Charing Cross, and James assisted him. Whereas James was
given sole charge of erection of manufactories at Whitechapel and Belvedere.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In 1877 they were both engaged with Mr. F.T. Reade in the
design for ironwork of the Metropolitan Fruit and Vegetable Market Scarboro’
Spar.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In 1878 James was engaged by Mr. J. Marmont M.I.C.E., to
construct Tramways at Gloucester and Reading. In 1879 he erected large sheds at
St. Malo, France, for Messrs. H. Young & Co.,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>later he was Manager of Pilsometer
Engineering Company Works Battersea.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In 1880 James became engineer to Messrs. H. Young & Co.,
contractors and engineers and carried out various works such as Victoria
Station Improvements, Waterford and Wexford Railway Viaduct and Bridges
(something Francis worked on with him), Brighton New Shelter, and Clacton Water
Works, which may well have brought him to the attention of the Public Works
Department in Hong Kong. He also, in conjunction with Mr. Ancell, designed and
carried out several warehouse buildings of special iron construction in <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Southwark St; Jersey Public Offices and
Library and Bilen Market.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">His professional path was about to swap an island in the
English Channel for an island in the South China Sea. In November 1882 James
secured the position as resident engineer with the Public Works Department in
Hong Kong, with special charge of the Tytam Waterworks. But first, he had to
get there. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He left England in early November 1882 on a voyage he probably
thought would be relatively straightforward. Taking a boat from England to
Trieste where he picked up the P and O Mail Steamer <i>Malwa</i>, departing
there on 14<sup>th</sup> November. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi03Fe9Ce7TVVyQliMdk7ecXbcYe6J5a5c0ZgQPsEn77go4uyijDyo4PSiX4SECJu_JNEDESuQTvIMBhBFuFRk55RKKsj0n0-k67gDk9y0NU9IAUKg-sEv_9LRHal-pucFgi6rXL9DSFPM/s990/steamer+malwa+via+clydeships+dot+co+dot+uk.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="795" data-original-width="990" height="321" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi03Fe9Ce7TVVyQliMdk7ecXbcYe6J5a5c0ZgQPsEn77go4uyijDyo4PSiX4SECJu_JNEDESuQTvIMBhBFuFRk55RKKsj0n0-k67gDk9y0NU9IAUKg-sEv_9LRHal-pucFgi6rXL9DSFPM/w400-h321/steamer+malwa+via+clydeships+dot+co+dot+uk.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Malwa. Image courtesy of www.clydeships.co.uk<span> </span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />It had a brief stop in Venice on the 17<sup>th</sup> and
another in Brindisi on the 20<sup>th,</sup> departing after a 6 or 7 hour
delay, at 10.30am.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It had been held up
as the captain was forced to wait for a delayed mail train. By now the <i>Malwa
</i>had around 200 passengers on board; besides all the overland travellers for
India, China and Australia who were scheduled to transfer at Suez to two other
connecting vessels, one called the <i>Ravenan </i>and the other called <i>Ballarat,</i>
the <i>Malwa </i>had her own Bombay passengers and several French travellers
going to Alexandria, Bombay being James’s destination port. The smooth uneventful
voyage was about to change, and be anything but. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Having left Brindisi and after about 2 hours at sea, that
dreaded cry of <i>“a man overboard”</i> was heard. A life-buoy was thrown over
the stern, look-outs were sent to the mast-head, a boat was lowered and the
steamer turned around. A Portuguese cabin steward, who had apparently been
drinking heavily, had tied twelve dozen new knives around his waist and had deliberately
jumped overboard and was drowned, search though they did, the man was not seen
again. Needless to say, this incident cast a severe depression over the ship
for some time. By Thursday 23<sup>rd</sup> November the <i>Malwa</i> came into
Alexandria. Some passengers got off the boat to look around only to be met with
a burnt town and destroyed fortifications. One can only guess at what James
must have been thinking, but it must have been something like <i>“things can
only get better. Can’t they?”. </i>The ship continued on to Port Said and made
it through the canal and reached the Suez end by mid afternoon on Saturday 25<sup>th
</sup>November. What happened next, ended up being subject to a detailed
investigation. Having dropped off the Canal pilot, the captain of the<i> Malwa</i>
was heading towards the rendezvous point in the Suez Harbour near the canal
exit, to meet the <i>Ballarat</i> for passenger transfer. Most of the
passengers were on the starboard side of the <i>Malwa</i> watching the <i>Ballarat</i>
as they proceeded towards her; she was of particular interest to everyone as she
was a new steamer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Suddenly the second
officer called out <i>“everyone rush forward</i>”. All commenced to do so, but
immediately there came a shock, a crash, a smashing of booms and stanchions, a
tumbling on deck of the port-side lifeboat, a tearing away of dead lights and
it was seen that a vessel, the <i>Clan Forbes</i>, had steamed directly at the <i>Malwa
</i>amidships, port side, and tore a large hole in her water-line that was
probably 8 feet long and 2 feet wide. There was a further large hole below the
water-line which had been made by the fluke of the hanging anchor of the <i>Clan
Forbes</i>. Two passengers, who happened to be ships captains in their own
right immediately sprang into action. Captain Fowler was lowered over the side
on a rope by fellow passenger Captain Chisholm. Capt. Fowler called for
blankets which he then stuffed into the hole, and tried to keep it in place
with his feet. Captain Atkinson, Commander of the <i>Malwa</i> seeing that it
was hopeless and that she was going to sink ordered the boat stations to be
lowered. Lord Beresford, a third fellow sea-faring captain of the Royal Navy
who was also a passenger, shouted to Captain Atkinson to head for the shore and
beach the ship, which would save both life and ship. Capt Atkinson heeding the
advice and immediately headed for the quarantine ground at full speed, which
was about a mile away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was an anxious
time; he had no idea if the ship would reach It before the water got too high
in her. She sailed at great speed towards the mud flats opposite the quarantine
area. The quarter-boats were being lowered to the rail, and as the <i>Malwa</i>
passed close to the stern of the <i>Carysfort</i>, a man-of-war, lying at
anchor, the captain shouted <i>“I am sinking send your boats.”</i> The fully
manned man-of-war boats were in the water very quickly, and they raced after
the <i>Malwa </i>as quickly as they could, the crew pulling their oars at a
fast pace. All on board the <i>Malwa</i> were quiet and collected, and the
sight of the man-of-war boats following them restored confidence that their
fate would not be a watery one. The passengers were told to brace for impact,
but the ship quietly slid onto the mud without any perceptible jolt at all, and
gently settled on the mud bed. Initially the ladies and children were placed in
the man-of-war boats, but the captain, finding that the ship was upright and
had settled down, ordered them back to the ship. The water inside very soon
filled up level with that outside, about one foot below the main deck, it then
being low tide, although at high tide the next morning it was of course up to
her ports; about four feet over the main deck, about one foot over the saloon
tables.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The mail bags were on the upper
deck, having been got up for transhipment, and officers and men at once began
to salvage, baggage etc. Some of the latter which had been stored on the orlop
deck got wet of course, but it was at once got up and transferred to the <i>Ravenna</i>,
excepting such as belonged to the <i>Ballarat</i> passengers, which was sent
off with them. Remarkably, there was no extra excitement, except a little
rushing about for baggage, all had great confidence in what was being
done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All felt that they had much to be
thankful for, if she had been a mile or two further out at sea, it is doubtful
she could have been beached in time, and would very likely have sunk in deep
water, with untold consequences to all the passengers, including James Orange. Also
on board was a well known Armenian barrister based in Calcutta, Gregory Charles
Paul and his wife, Aglaia. She was the only passenger whose valuable dresses
suffered irrevocable damage. James, along with all the other passengers who
were destined for Bombay, had to wait in Suez for a week until the next steamer
arrived. The remaining passengers then took their connecting ships as planned;
the <i>Ballarat</i> continued to Australia via Colombo and the <i>Ravenna</i>
went to Calcutta and China.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Conditions in Suez were far from ideal. The hotels were
already very busy and those passengers from the <i>Malwa </i>waiting for the
next steamer to arrive, found that they were sharing single rooms with up to 14
other people. It was a very difficult week for everyone and the arrival of the <i>SS
Thames </i>couldn’t come soon enough. That ship already had an almost fully
laden passenger count, but the ship-wrecked and weary travellers from the<i>
Malwa</i> were taken on board and took up positions on deck and inside where
they could. Most slept in upright chairs for that 15 day journey from Suez to
Bombay. James was not disembarking in the port, but was carrying on to
Singapore, presumably still sleeping in a chair. The final leg between
Singapore and Hong Kong on the <i>SS Thames</i>, really continued the nightmare
voyage. The vessel developed some serious trouble when a metal wall on the high
pressure cylinders broke and created a very dangerous situation; without it,
high pressure steam could have escaped and caused untold damage and injury to
passengers and crew.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Given his
engineering background, James may have been called upon to help, I doubt very
much that he would have stood idly by and not offered to assist in some way.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When he finally arrived in Hong Kong on the 11<sup>th</sup>
January 1883; I’m pretty certain he would have been happy to get his feet on
dry land, have a decent hot bath and sleep in a comfortable bed. His Hong Kong
career lay before him, yet he certainly already had some tales to tell. James
helped shape Hong Kong’s future, his work has become part of its history and
heritage, yet it could have all been so different had he not been saved by a
fellow passenger and very experienced naval captain, who took control when
panic struck Capt. Atkinson and his vessel began floundering<i>.</i> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">An investigation heard accounts of the incident from both
crews, but<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a German passenger onboard wrote
a brief account for the <i>Frankfort Gazette</i> in which he said: <br />
<br />
“……we left the Canal on November 23<sup>rd</sup> at 3pm, and were approaching
Suez, when, through some inexplicable carelessness, we came into collision with
another steamer. Watertight compartments kept her afloat, but we began to sink
rapidly. Our crew composed chiefly of Lascars, ran about in utter confusion;
the captain lost his head entirely, and actually shed tears, instead of trying
to save the vessel and the lives of the passengers. At last, one of the latter,
an English naval officer, took command of the ship. He sprang on the bridge,
ordered all boats to be lowered, and the ship’s head turned to the bank. He
then signalled the engineer to put on full steam, and these energetic orders
having been obeyed, we managed to run ashore just as the water reached the
deck….”</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the spring of
1883, the conclusion of the investigation in London was that both ships were to
blame, each having taken actions that resulted in the collision. However, even
by having the high ranking Naval captain Lord Beresford write a public letter
supporting him and his actions, Captain Atkinson’s actions and behaviour at the
time did nothing to discourage passengers telling their side of the unfolding
incident. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">James Orange went on to become very successful in Hong Kong,
and eventually joined with Robert Leigh and the well-known partnership of Leigh
& Orange was formed. James retired around 1915 and settled in London at a
charmingly appointed flat at No. 3 Gray’s Inn Square. His brother Francis had
for many years been based at No. 11 Gray’s Inn Square; still showing in their
latter years they were continuously close.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Whereas his brother had, eventually married, James remained single and
passed away in September 1927 at a London nursing home. Comfortably off, he
left an estate of just over £35,000.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhidx8B9VSG-XYBVxvv41VNp08UR7rgik_tH_X3Q6mgW_nvVXObLLHtlGvhHlm3kkUcSscwgP_BCAGQe-7w_MOEN7mbrqHMjy44ZQmmHH4uDZ_sGMMiidb_nV-_ezdakkoSWuUB_RqX6Uw/s1451/james+orange+will+snippet-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="407" data-original-width="1451" height="113" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhidx8B9VSG-XYBVxvv41VNp08UR7rgik_tH_X3Q6mgW_nvVXObLLHtlGvhHlm3kkUcSscwgP_BCAGQe-7w_MOEN7mbrqHMjy44ZQmmHH4uDZ_sGMMiidb_nV-_ezdakkoSWuUB_RqX6Uw/w400-h113/james+orange+will+snippet-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extract from the Will of James Orange<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />He left his collection of art split between the Victoria and
Albert Museum and the British Museum. There were also numerous bequests to
various friends and close family, bequests to the Bishop of Hong Kong for
distribution amongst various Church of England charities; the Italian Convent,
Caine Road and St. Paul’s Institution in Causeway Bay, as well as other named
bequests and legacies. As he was unmarried and childless, the residue of his
estate was bequeathed to his two nieces, Elsie and Doris Orange, daughters of
another brother, Edwin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">James’s cremation at Golder’s Green Crematorium on the 30<sup>th</sup>
September 1927 was largely attended, and even Alfred Bryer, a colleague from
his days at Leigh & Orange, was there. This branch of the Orange family of
Jersey died out with the passing of his brother Francis in 1933, the other four
brothers of James and Francis having predeceased them.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">But one thing is certain, he left a marvellous art
collection and a wonderful career legacy that is still talked about today, and
to think he very nearly didn’t make it to Hong Kong in 1883; not many people
live to tell the tale of being rammed at sea, inches from death, nearly sunk,
deliberately run aground and so much more. However, we are pleased he did.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">© Liz Chater 2021</span></p><div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">George Orange biography summary </span><a href="http://www.rmg.co.uk"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">www.rmg.co.uk</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> extracted from their collection. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-20772302127121656822021-01-01T13:00:00.002+00:002022-04-17T12:09:19.432+01:00The Raphael’s: In the Shadow of Mexborough<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">But Still Migrant Millionaires</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I almost
feel I need to apologise here at the beginning. I truly thought this story
would be short and not too involved. But who can ignore such an enrapturing
extended story, of money, inherited and earned; forbidden love, true love and
love letdown; economic and political successes and failures; adventure and
tragedy and a social footprint that is still being felt today? Edward Raphael
had absolutely no idea how the future would play for his family and future
descendants. He couldn’t know his sons would become substantial land and
property owners on the south coast of England; that one of them would become
the first Armenian Sheriff of London, or that a granddaughter would marry an
Earl and that a great granddaughter would marry a Prince. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I certainly do not claim this story to be the
full chronicle, but what I present here are aspects of the Raphael’s life that
has melted away as each Raphael died, and the story is long.<br />
<br />
I wrote a short entry about the Raphael family and their legacy back in 2011 as
part of my private research page on Facebook. Having studied the family in more
detail since then, I thought I would post an update here.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I think
what all family history researchers should keep in the back of their minds,
particularly if you are an enthusiast like me, is that sometimes our
one-dimensional research process isn’t always enough. In this instance where
there is an Armenian connection, and where so many elements, countries,
languages and obscure turn of events are involved, it is important to remember
that well known phrase, “absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.”<br />
<br />
Edward Raphael 1744-1791<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Born Armenian <br />
Raised Armenian <br />
Preferred to be thought of as British</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy_ofgIDhWK6hK6pU53AaO_aMrZSrsvK2Z9R19ufLi-a4cvggSZZ9V9kFN56lO6TlEDlb4M9Ajw5RMlUtRvffpIAvHxKDQRma7DrbKBE9dOdIQ7aRag9ccD0Fd_TjU22wr9faXlHFQmrE/s1482/RAPHAEL+-+will+of+edward+raphael+34-29-194-40+1792-02aa.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1395" data-original-width="1482" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy_ofgIDhWK6hK6pU53AaO_aMrZSrsvK2Z9R19ufLi-a4cvggSZZ9V9kFN56lO6TlEDlb4M9Ajw5RMlUtRvffpIAvHxKDQRma7DrbKBE9dOdIQ7aRag9ccD0Fd_TjU22wr9faXlHFQmrE/w400-h376/RAPHAEL+-+will+of+edward+raphael+34-29-194-40+1792-02aa.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Extract of Edward's will. BL: L/AG/34/29/194/40</span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[Whatever] I may died possessed or legally entitle to, my will is that
in the administration, sale, disposal and management thereof by my executors,
they may in all matters be subject to the mode, usage and laws of Great
Britain, in the same and like manner <b><span style="color: red;">as if I was a
natural born British subject, meaning hereby to disavow and disclaim all right
of interference of any Armenian patriarch or other authority whatever, under
the pretence of any particular usage among persons of the Armenian nation;</span></b>
for it is my express will and requisition that as I have acquired my estate
under the British jurisdiction (whose laws I revere), the future administration
of this my will, shall be according to such British laws. <b>Edward Raphael</b></span></i><a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></b></span></span></span></b></span></a><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Before Edward set sail
for England on the <i>Prince William Henry</i>, besides being a founding member
of the Carnatic bank in Madras, he was a well established trading merchant with
China, Canton and Manilla<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>.
This is borne out by the estate accounts, prepared after his death.
Furthermore, a newspaper report in March 1789 states<i>: “……..his house was
robbed of a bale of merchandise on the evening of the 27<sup>th</sup> February.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
inhabitants [of Black Town] are kept in alarm from numbers of vagabonds who
have no visible means of support or subsistence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mr. Popham, secretary of the Police, being
informed of the theft, used his best diligence for the recovery of the property
and the detection of the robbers. They were at last traced on the road towards
Polycatt, and by the exertions of his peons and servants of his farm, were
overtaken on the road and brought back to Madras.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTlm7Nz3a_hKOCKDnEBL-TBFB1-JiYPwYwWpMUmboPa-RZwMVtkjofh4M5x3Fd2hUj_qs5ydNaowpn9gLqnQp25m7iVPdyD71xaXrJZPF7KlzcoagwmV425U7GrEvpgHcIPpKtjSAEFYY/s1310/portrait+of+edward+raphael+gharamianeants-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1310" data-original-width="1176" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTlm7Nz3a_hKOCKDnEBL-TBFB1-JiYPwYwWpMUmboPa-RZwMVtkjofh4M5x3Fd2hUj_qs5ydNaowpn9gLqnQp25m7iVPdyD71xaXrJZPF7KlzcoagwmV425U7GrEvpgHcIPpKtjSAEFYY/w359-h400/portrait+of+edward+raphael+gharamianeants-a.jpg" width="359" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />Image
credit: Professor Sebouh Aslanian.</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The photographs of the
above painting of Edward Raphael, along with the painting of Samuel Mackertich
Moorat (further down this blog) were taken by Prof. Sebouh Aslanian on one of
his research trips to Venice. I have taken some time to track back, and the
artist, Gaetano Astolfoni, was active in Italy between 1820 and 1840. This
timeframe coincides with Alexander Raphael’s visit to Venice in 1840. I
speculate that these paintings were executed as copies from sketches or
paintings that had already been completed by another artist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An earlier portrait of Edward Raphael,
completed in 1789, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is held by the
V&A Museum in London, and had been executed in Madras by artist John Smart.
The V&A also speculates that the Astolfoni paintings were possibly done
from sketches.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alexander Raphael would
have taken them to Venice with him on his trip with a view to having both his
father and brother-in-law painted, to be hung in the premises they both were
benefactors of.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
<br />
Less than a year after the robbery, Edward was dealt a tragic blow. His wife,
Maria died in July 1790 aged only 34 years. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQpTvM6PJ85BE8AeXFUtR83aO_cWtjsfw_BlL01VKynwWMsHXyg6MnD2DI8dfzNEyiDl_SmCuOKNP065DzjDUyUVsRFa-ctbeY7rGVn-xBdZ-htJ2uFPvBkdswYsavtBKygc4ZsBDbND0/s1970/RAPHAEL-maria_staphano_raphael%25284%2529-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1944" data-original-width="1970" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQpTvM6PJ85BE8AeXFUtR83aO_cWtjsfw_BlL01VKynwWMsHXyg6MnD2DI8dfzNEyiDl_SmCuOKNP065DzjDUyUVsRFa-ctbeY7rGVn-xBdZ-htJ2uFPvBkdswYsavtBKygc4ZsBDbND0/w400-h395/RAPHAEL-maria_staphano_raphael%25284%2529-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />Grave of Maria
Raphael. Image courtesy of Liz Chater’s private archive<br />
<br />
Edward’s life was more than just being a stock and shareholder in a bank or
with the East India Company. He was trading and shipping in piece goods such as
cotton, silk and spices between India and South East Asia, and that <i>may</i>
also have included opium. Could that account for the enormous wealth his sons
inherited? He relied upon fellow Armenian, Samuel Mackertich Moorat, to conduct
business for him in China. Samuel was also an agent for Pogose Ter Raphael<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
who was similarly trading in China around the same time as Edward. I speculate
there may have been some family connection between Pogose and Edward. Looking
at the estate accounts of Pogose Ter Raphael, one can get an idea of the type
of goods that came to India. Samuel, as agent for both merchants, was able to
ship to India in large quantities such things as beautiful red taffeta,
Sasterman and Chapah handkerchiefs (made from silk). Samuel also used other
Armenian merchants in China to move goods onwards, in particular, I was
interested to note his trading association with Joseph Ter Astwasatoor, a
Syrian Armenian also buying and selling goods in China. For goods being shipped
to Calcutta, Samuel Moorat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>used his
brother Carapiet Mackertich Moorat as a sub-agent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Carapiet was equally adept at dealing with
the Calcutta merchants and traders when the ships were off-loading at the port.<br />
<br />
Amongst many properties, Edward owned a house in Canton which he fortuitously
sold a few months before his fateful voyage. Certainly, he was exceptionally
wealthy, both in India and England, and from one entry in his accounts it can
be seen that a very healthy £46,452 was added to his estate from his English
executor. At today’s values that is around £5.</span>5 million.<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjvq85_cZG5IBdUhDGDlQYdTodKS-Je_KsHFSFz2C0d3leCeFSHQ27jVHUXPUZCzPKG6OJrPUd0If5mfpDL2WvMvTiK1DRXWk1G-bpIcuPeB-PGuqv0DtVnt-3iN3UWGJS7cCiMIhQ3sY/s1477/prince+william+henry+via+issu.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="853" data-original-width="1477" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjvq85_cZG5IBdUhDGDlQYdTodKS-Je_KsHFSFz2C0d3leCeFSHQ27jVHUXPUZCzPKG6OJrPUd0If5mfpDL2WvMvTiK1DRXWk1G-bpIcuPeB-PGuqv0DtVnt-3iN3UWGJS7cCiMIhQ3sY/w400-h231/prince+william+henry+via+issu.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />The Prince William
Henry 1780 [left and centre] painted by artist Thomas Luncy in two positions.
Image courtesy of auction catalogue: “American Furniture and Decorative Arts.
Skinner Auctions 2567B, published 3 October 2011. Lot No. 513. Skinner Inc. </span><a href="https://issuu.com/skinnerinc/docs/2567b_american_antiques/81"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://issuu.com/skinnerinc/docs/2567b_american_antiques/81</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I doubt
there is a more peripatetic Armenian professor than Sebouh Aslanian. He roams
archives with passion and a desire to find the forgotten.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Over the years, he has been the discoverer of
many a missing, mis-index or misplaced Armenian documents, journals, diaries
and letters. The ones that are truly unique in their content, are not in
English, they are in Armenian or Italian, or Spanish, or Arabic or Portuguese;
and it does beg the question: “what else is there?” His incredible, first hand
research gained from his numerous exploratory trips around the world, including
the enviable archives at San Lazzaro, Venice are always inspiring. Well, they
are for me!<br />
<br />
Here, I share Sebouh’s findings on the circumstances of the death of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Edward Raphael, who died at sea on board the “<i>Prince
William Henry”</i> en route to England in 1791. He had three sons, Alexander,
John and Lewis, and two daughters, Anna and Anna Maria. I am grateful to Sebouh
for sharing his discovery on how Edward died.<br />
<br />
Sebouh writes:<br />
<br />
</span><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“…Since
I have long been working on a detailed study of how Edward Raphael Gharameants,
a wealthy Catholic Armenian merchant of Madras, read Roman History and became
inspired by Classical Republicanism, I have been obsessed by how he passed away
tragically at sea. He was apparently on his way to London to remove his
daughter from an Anglican boarding school and to prevent her from renouncing
her Catholic faith and marrying an Anglican young man of gentry background. In
his magisterial four-volume history of the college bearing the benefactor's
name (Collegio Armeno Moorat Raphael) and founded and funded by money left
behind in his will before his hasty departure on the 802-ton East Indiaman, the
"Prince William-Henry," Sargis Teodorian was the first to tell the
melancholic tale of the benefactor's death on the high seas. I have pondered
Edward Raphael's final moments since I first became hooked on this story upon
reading Teodorian in Venice over ten years ago. I think I am now closer to
"reconstructing" the circumstances of his death including the clash
he had with captain Ralph Dundas followed by his "funeral" at sea.”</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">"Իբրեւ
զամենայն ինչ ի կարքի դնէ, ելանէ ի ճանապարհ գնալ յԵւրոպայ ի լոնտոն, հանդերձ կրտսեր
որդւով իւրով Լուիզիւ , եւ Հնդիկ սպասաւորաւ միով, յամսեան փետրվարի 1791 ամի<br />
<br />
Նաւարկեալ զամիսս իբրեւ երկուս եւ հասեալ ի հրուանդան Բարեյուսոյ հիւանդանայ, սակս
ռշտութեան եւ փառասիրութեան միանգամայն. քանզի ի նաւի անդ ի մէջ ճանապարհորդաց գտանի
կին մի ծննդական, որոյ սենեակ լինի ի ներքնայարկ նաւին։ Խնդրէ նաւապետն ի Հեդվարթ Ռաֆայէլէ
փոխանակել զսենեակ իւր ընդ սենեկի ծննդական կնոջն այնորիկ, կարօտելով նորա օդամուտ
նենեկի որ ի վերնայարկ նաւին։ Ոչ կամի ընդ այն Հեդվարթ Ռաֆայէլ, ասելով թէ վարձ սենեկի
իւրոյ առաւել էր քան զնորայն։<br />
Ասէ ցնա նաւապետ, եթէ, հատուսցի նմա առաւելն այն վարց։ <br />
Յայնժամ հաւանի Հեդվարթ Ռաֆայել, եւ փոխանակէ զսենեակ իւր։<br />
Յայնմ հետէ արհամարհեալ լինի նա ի նաւապետէն, չըմպելով նորա ընդ նմա գինի ի սեղանի
անդ որ նախատինք մեծ են առ Անգղիացիս։<br />
Ընդ այն նախատինք չկարացեալ նորա տանել ՚հիւանդանայ ի տխրութենէ անտի, եւ մերանի իսկ
աւուրբ միով յառաջ քան զժամանել ի նաւահանգիստ Լոնդտոնի։ Արհամարհութիւն նաւապետին
առ նա այնչափ լինի ՚ մինչեւ չկամի նա պահել զմարմին նորա ի նաւի անդ օր մի, առ ի հանել
զայն ի ցամաք եւ ի տալ հողոյ, այլ արկանէ զայն իսկոյն ի ծով ի կեր ձկանց։<br />
Ահա արգասիք ռշտութեան եւ փառասիրութեան միանգամայն։…<br />
<br />
When he had put everything in order, in February of the year 1791, he embarked
on a journey to London in Europe accompanied by his youngest son, Luis, and an
Indian servant, Leander Lucas. <br />
Having reached the cape of Good Hope, he became ill on account of
avariciousness and vanity, all at once. There on the ship among the passengers
was a pregnant woman whose cabin was on one of the lower decks of the ship. The
Captain asked Edward Raphael to change rooms with the pregnant woman who needed
a room with windows which were on the ship's upper decks. Edward Raphael did
not wish to do that telling the Captain that the fare for his cabin was more than
that for the woman's. The Captain then asked whether he would accept if he paid
for the difference. At that moment, Edward Raphael agreed and exchanged his
room for hers. Thenceforth, he was held in contempt by the captain, not even
allowed to drink wine at his table, which was a great affront among Englishmen.<br />
<br />
Not able to tolerate the offense, he became ill from melancholy and passed away
a day before the ship berthed. The contempt of the captain for him was such
that he was unwilling to keep the body on the ship for an additional day to
deliver it on land to the soil, but on the spot dumped it in the water as feed
for the fish.”<a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
Sebouh continues:<br />
<br />
“The following passage is a salutary reminder for ship passengers in the 18<sup>th</sup>
century.<br />
<br />
<i>……..it being utterly inadmissible that a corpse should be retained on board,
no time is lost in sewing it up in a hammock; placing a few lumps of coal, or
other ponderous matter, at the feet, to cause its sinking. Thus prepared, it is
laid upon a grating at the lee gang-way; and, after the usual burial service,
at which all attend, is committed to the deep. In some instances, during calms,
sharks have been seen to dart from under the vessel, and to attack the corpse
in the most ravenous manner.</i>"<a href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
Sargis Teodorian and Sebouh Aslanian are the first people to have more
accurately reconstructed the circumstances of Edward’s death.<br />
<br /></span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span class="Heading4Char">The Aftermath</span></h4><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Heading4Char">
<br />
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">As
a family history researcher, I was as intrigued with this family as Sebouh was,
and have completed my own bit of reconstruction of the family and their legacy
upon their re-settlement in England below.<br />
<br />
If this was indeed the way Edward had been buried, it would have been a truly
distressing scene for the young 4 year old Lewis and the family servant
Leander. I have found by looking at shipping records, I can break down the
journey of the ship from India to England. <br />
<br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">18<sup>th</sup> February 1791 - The <i>Prince
William Henry</i> set sail from Fort St. George, Madras<a href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>,
only four days after the marriage of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Edward’s daughter. <br />
<br />
27<sup>th</sup> April 1791 - The <i>Prince William Henry</i> arrived at St.
Helena. <br />
<br />
28<sup>th</sup> April 1791 - <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A fleet
of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>twenty four Indiamen vessels, many carrying
tea from Canton arrived at St. Helena as well. This fleet had previously
stopped at The Cape on the 9<sup>th</sup> April, although it is unclear how
long they stayed in port, making it difficult to calculate the journey time
between the Cape of Good Hope and St. Helena, but the very maximum it could be
is 18 days. Whilst in St. Helena, the Pursers from all twenty four vessels and
the <i>Prince William Henry</i> exchanged information.<a href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> <br />
<br />
1<sup>st</sup> May 1791 - The Indiamen fleet left St. Helena, the <i>Prince
William Henry</i> was reported to be still in port on this day, so we can safely
say she left after this date.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
24<sup>th</sup> June 1791 – Edward Raphael reported to have died at sea on this
day<br />
<br />
24<sup>th</sup>/25<sup>th</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>June
1791 – some of the twenty four Indiamen vessels arrived off the coast of the
Isle of Wight in the Solent<br />
<br />
28<sup>th</sup> June 1791 – the <i>Prince William Henry</i> arrived off the
coast at Weymouth/Portland in Dorset<br />
<br />
1<sup>st</sup> July 1791 – the Purser of the <i>Prince William Henry </i>arrived
at India House London to report the safe arrival of the vessel at Weymouth. The
Purser also reported the list of passengers at Weymouth on board as: “Mr. &
Mrs. Turing, Mr. Saunders, Colonel and Mrs. Nixon, Major Burrows, Lieut
Forrest, Mr. Hickie, and Mr. Raphael, a very rich Armenian merchant, who has
resided at Madras several years.” There is no report of deaths at this stage. <br />
<br />
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">After
the death of Edward, his son-in-law Samuel Moorat, as an executor, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>began to wind up and sell the property and
assets belonging to the estate. In June 1792 in Madras, five houses, various
items of household furniture along with jewellery were sold at public auction.
One of the last wishes of Edward was the translation and printing of <i>Roman
History of 16 vols., </i>and the <i>Ancient History of 13 vols., </i>by Mr. de
Rollin into the Armenian language. Once that had been accomplished the interest
arising from the £50,000 set aside, should be applied <i>“for the fund of a
school for the poor Armenian boys in such number that might be sufficient that
the boys and their masters could live decently and that Rev. Nicholas Pusani
should be appointed director and manager of the works and school for all his
lifetime, with liberty to appoint his successors.”</i> Further explanation of
how and why Venice was chosen for the location of the school is found in the
many legal reports at the time. I quote a small section below.<br />
<br />
<i>“A suit was instituted in 1825 to establish the charity under the direction
of the Court, and a reference was made to the Master to inquire, among other
things, of what the charity fund consisted, and to whom and in what manner it
ought to be aid. The Master stated in his report, that it had been alleged to
him delay had arisen in ascertaining the amount of the charity fund, and that
Mr. Alexander Raphael, in order to carry out his father’s intentions respecting
the translation, at his own expense had caused the histories to be translated
into the Armenia language by certain members of the convent of St. Lazarus, at
Venice, at a cost of upwards £3,000; and, with regard to the foundation of the
Armenian School, that Venice was to be preferred to any other place, on account
of the frequent commercial intercourse which existed between Venice and
Constantinople, where great numbers of Armenians resided, which furnished means
for conveying boys to Venice for education; that in Venice food was plentiful
and cheap, and all articles of clothing might be had at a low price, and that
the climate was more healthy than at other places where the Armenian schools existed;
that the Convent of St. Lazarus, where the Roman Catholic religion was
professed, consisted of an indefinite number of members, and was governed by an
abbot and six presidents, and that the society had long been known for
integrity of character and sound learning, and that the members were chiefly
occupied in the composition, translation, printing, and sale of literary and
scientific works, and were admirably adopted to instruct the boys in case the
school should be founded at Venice, and that any funds devoted to that purpose
might be safely intrusted to the society, for in case of any abuse or mal-administration
of the funds there was a court of law in Venice to which the members of the
society were amenable. The Master accordingly certified his opinion that the
charity should be founded in Venice, and that the charity fund, which consisted
of upwards of £48,000, should after deducting the sum of £3,000 for translating
and printing, remain invested in the name of the Accountant General of the
Court and the dividends paid from time to time to the abbot of St. Lazarus for
founding and supporting the charity. “</i> Alexander Raphael was made a Power
of Attorney to receive the dividend and ensured they were paid regularly to the
abbot. <i>“In early 1840, Alexander went to Venice with a view to ascertain
whether the income from the charity was being applied, and to establish the
state of the school. On arrival, he found that the abbot had taken a large
palace on the Grand Canal, and that the purposes permanently or occasionally
resident there consisted of three members of the convent beside domestics; and
that from 1835 not more than 14 Armenian boys had been educated at the school
at one time.</i> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All legal reports on
this case can be found at </span><a href="https://home.heinonline.org/"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://home.heinonline.org/</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<br />
<br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">At the time of Edward’s death, his
youngest son, Lewis, was only four, the other two boys, Alexander and John were
approximately 14 and 12 respectively and were being educated in London<a href="#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>,
therefore not immediately aware of their parental loss. The news of their
mother’s death and not long afterwards that of their father, must have been
devastating for them. Their eldest child, Anna, had an arranged marriage on 9<sup>th</sup>
February 1791 in Madras to Samuel Mackertich Moorat, Edward’s trusted business
partner and the man named as one of the executors in Edward’s will that was
written on the 14<sup>th</sup> February 1791. The newly-weds remained in
Madras, not knowing<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>their wedding would
be the last time they would see Edward. <br />
<br /></span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span class="Heading4Char">Inheritance and Family</span></h4><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
<br />
Edward’s three sons had to wait until they each reached their 30<sup>th</sup>
birthdays before their share of inheritance came their way. In the meantime,
the three young men chose very different directions; a politician, a lawyer and
a farmer respectively. As for Edward’s younger daughter Anne Maria, Edward had
stipulated that she could not marry before the age of 22 years, otherwise she
would forfeit her share of his estate.<br />
<br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX0jW39N7CvmGo0idat6fJmo5RihTHelgyyvnd1JXKGlNvhyphenhyphenL_1vO7h6i9YXcZlfv6GEv0Y8GcCvdYQRrVvTrjmsCXyGO7N6gnEcLYyPAFGhyphenhyphenpdqm-8yeo1gI-5Ly-uJN3SoKXFe_Qpic/s1492/simple+edward+raphael+descendants+chart-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="656" data-original-width="1492" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX0jW39N7CvmGo0idat6fJmo5RihTHelgyyvnd1JXKGlNvhyphenhyphenL_1vO7h6i9YXcZlfv6GEv0Y8GcCvdYQRrVvTrjmsCXyGO7N6gnEcLYyPAFGhyphenhyphenpdqm-8yeo1gI-5Ly-uJN3SoKXFe_Qpic/w400-h176/simple+edward+raphael+descendants+chart-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />A simple family tree showing Edward’s previous three generations as well as his
immediate family. Note Edward’s father chose to use the patronymic naming convention
that so many other Armenian families used. There are many examples of this
system being used by Armenians in India in the late 18<sup>th</sup>, 19<sup>th</sup>
and early 20<sup>th</sup> centuries. Many family names changed in a single
generation because of this, making family history research a little more
challenging at times!<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><p></p>
<h2><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Anna Raphael –
1771-1828<br />
</span></b><span class="Heading3Char"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">First Daughter of Edward Raphael<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">As I have
already mentioned, Anna married Samuel Mackertich Moorat a few days before
Edward set sail for England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anna and
Samuel had three children: Edward Samuel Moorat, John Samuel Moorat and Maria
Teresa Moorat.<br />
<br />
Edward Samuel Moorat married Maria Virginia White on 13<sup>th</sup> May 1813
in Madras. They went on to have two children: Samuel Alexander Moorat and Maria
Virginia Adelaide Moorat.<br />
<br />
On the same day, 13<sup>th</sup> May 1813 his sister, Maria Teresa Moorat
married Abraham Arathoon Aganoor. They went on to have at least five children.<br />
<br />
A month later, on the 14<sup>th</sup> June 1813 Edward and Maria’s brother John
Samuel Moorat married Marie Delphine White, sister of Maria Virginia. John
Samuel and Marie went on to have at least eight children.<br />
<br />
I think it is worth covering just a little about Samuel Mackertich Moorat, as
he too played an important part in the education of many Armenian children,
just as his father-in-law, Edward Raphael did.<br />
<br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGey2ZZp-tgJyG6cTmdNEyqRXdzvqw-WDYsuINKMaWbAORmeqwwk0hFSCRPVLkFCuE_F8gRyRwAObJZTcVZbzQzq4JhxVK5oRKxN4sMjzO67QgyF5GkB7CtPpbhbaKuNuuvOcb9MA4Ji8/s2048/via+sebouh+Aslanian+facebook+post+-+Samuel+Moorat.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1807" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGey2ZZp-tgJyG6cTmdNEyqRXdzvqw-WDYsuINKMaWbAORmeqwwk0hFSCRPVLkFCuE_F8gRyRwAObJZTcVZbzQzq4JhxVK5oRKxN4sMjzO67QgyF5GkB7CtPpbhbaKuNuuvOcb9MA4Ji8/w353-h400/via+sebouh+Aslanian+facebook+post+-+Samuel+Moorat.jpg" width="353" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />Image
credit: Professor Sebouh Aslanian<br />
<br />
Once again, my thanks go to Professor Sebouh Aslanian for unearthing in the
archives in Trieste the biography written about the Moorat’s by </span>the
Mkhitarist father Sargis Teodorian published in Paris, his classic four-volume
masterpiece history of the Moorat-Raphael College (Պատմութիւն Մուրատեան եւ Հայկազեան
Վաժարանաց եւ Մխիթարեան Աբբայից). Also, Sebouh’s paper, <span style="color: black;">Networks
of Circulation, Patronage, and ‘National Revival’: The Armenian Translation of
Charles Rollin’s <i>History<b> </b>of Rome,</i></span> presented in February
2010 at Boston University’s <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">International Conference
and Student Workshop on the Armenian Diaspora. This paper is an invaluable
piece of original research. Quoting from it below, I fully acknowledge and
thank Sebouh for his untiring work, advice and assistance. <br />
<b><br />
</b></span><i><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Samuel Murat was born in
the city of Tokat in the Ottoman Empire in 1760 and hailed from the Aghamalian
family of Julfan origin. He traveled with his father and brother first to
Constantinople then to Petrovaradin in Transylvania where he was taught
Armenian by a Mekhitarist monk at the local Mekhitarist school there. At age
fifteen he visited San Lazzarro and stayed there for five months where,
according to Mekhitarist authors, he was deeply impressed by the monks. He then
traveled to India with his father but became orphaned in Surat when his father
passed away. In Madras he was adopted by his cousin Agha Grigor Shahrimanian
and trained in commerce by becoming Grigor’s </span></i><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">commenda</span></i><i><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> agent. His work involved the pearl trade
and took him to China most likely Canton or Macau.) Having caught the attention
of Edward Raphael, he was married to Edward’s oldest daughter Anna and became
an agent of his wealthy father-in-law where he soon amassed a significant
fortune.<br />
<br />
Before his death in 1816, Samuel Murat followed the example of his
father-in-law and left behind an even greater fortune to be used by the
Mekhitarists for the establishment of a school or college for young, orphaned,
and poor Armenian students on European soil.<br />
<br />
</span></i><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Part of the Will of Samuel
Moorat showing the clause of the bequest.<a href="#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><b><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><br />
</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjd9TaebtbVzCywOKLVsaKBWUz3LzNvPp-sY5h0tAZzoWlZFcq2CaFavAxireJUmrr4rbZePLut81WWSlTeUHJB6mKGckOHpu4OSte1Hs9RSd4C85-CDE0vtJlWhyphenhyphen_SxJiQLI6fALhyBE/s1454/MOORAT+-+will+of+samuel+mackertich+moorat+34-29-216-27-aa.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="647" data-original-width="1454" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjd9TaebtbVzCywOKLVsaKBWUz3LzNvPp-sY5h0tAZzoWlZFcq2CaFavAxireJUmrr4rbZePLut81WWSlTeUHJB6mKGckOHpu4OSte1Hs9RSd4C85-CDE0vtJlWhyphenhyphen_SxJiQLI6fALhyBE/w400-h178/MOORAT+-+will+of+samuel+mackertich+moorat+34-29-216-27-aa.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />Sixthly. In my
account books, have an account for poor orphans and the needy – out of my
estate they are to take one hundred and fifty thousand Pagodas and to carry it
to the same account and after carrying to the same account the said one hundred
and fifty thousand pagodas, whatever, in the same account my</span><b><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></i></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><b><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><br />
</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYCRNPTMAHl1-OENgXJkQgG-kSgYqCP1EpW9S5-R2w0T5PkT94NRybE75IkzQ0mUCZFmdgA-HUXKpQzXwrO0blCYmeilCOSdB2cbWFeQw8Evk3zTbFIsS3nbS3O-QRM2oZmV7BM6TauJQ/s2048/MOORAT+-+will+of+samuel+mackertich+moorat+34-29-216-27-06bb.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1174" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYCRNPTMAHl1-OENgXJkQgG-kSgYqCP1EpW9S5-R2w0T5PkT94NRybE75IkzQ0mUCZFmdgA-HUXKpQzXwrO0blCYmeilCOSdB2cbWFeQw8Evk3zTbFIsS3nbS3O-QRM2oZmV7BM6TauJQ/w229-h400/MOORAT+-+will+of+samuel+mackertich+moorat+34-29-216-27-06bb.jpg" width="229" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />My debt may
amount to, the whole of the said amount I leave for the founding of an academy
for orphans, and poor children of the Armenian nation that according to the
advice and through the Armenian Monks of Venice they purchase land in any part
of Europe they may deem convenient, and the income of the said land for the
annual expense of as many children, as it will suffice for, so many orphans and
poor children of the Armenian nation they in the said academy are gratis to
educate and to instruct in languages and they are to return to their paternal
land and it is not to be an obligation on those educated in the said academy to
become priests, but if any spontaneously are inclined to priesthood let them
be. And should any wealthy persons also of the Armenian nation be desirous to
have their children educated in the above said academy they can by defraying
their expenses because my intention for the founding of this academy is for the
educating of poor children that is to say, for those whose fathers are devoid
of means and from their inability to defray the expenses of an academy they
neglect the education of their children and those innocent children remain
destitute of all instruction and knowledge and in consequence of which almost
the greater part of our unprotected Armenian nation are ignorant. I trust in
God that others also wealthy persons of the Armenian nation after tasting of
the sweets of an academic education which through my means may commence and
they follow my path that it may be thereby possible to diffuse among the nation
if not wholly…………<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><p></p>
<h2><b>Alexander Raphael 1775-1850<br />
</b><span class="Heading3Char"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">First
Son of Edward Raphael<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal">Edward’s eldest son, Alexander, can be found renting a
property at Towler Rents, in London in 1796. He later came to prominence in
1812 when he was granted the Freedom of the City of London by the Company of
Merchants of Tailors<a href="#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
I am of the opinion that this was a calculated, premeditated action on
Alexander’s part. He had a long term plan, and it involved not only progressing
his political agenda but being a showman of the highest quality to accompany
his future successes. </p>
<p><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4FkyaSeWPKpvWjvNkTxIF8e8Khy_msMoPv4wm-AUOef78O8tOcy1KEyntVYzdeodQlkqQWrpCf_rTEjPP7z7WYEuJy40C-cApEiopVTiDx2zS0brIw3Dae9LVHWB26AtWqR5M9axGAGQ/s2048/1812+Freedom+of+the+city+for+Alexander+Raphae-aa.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Freedom of the City of London" border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1616" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4FkyaSeWPKpvWjvNkTxIF8e8Khy_msMoPv4wm-AUOef78O8tOcy1KEyntVYzdeodQlkqQWrpCf_rTEjPP7z7WYEuJy40C-cApEiopVTiDx2zS0brIw3Dae9LVHWB26AtWqR5M9axGAGQ/w315-h400/1812+Freedom+of+the+city+for+Alexander+Raphae-aa.jpg" title="Freedom of the City of London" width="315" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Freedom of the City of London for Alexander Raphael<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />But first, he had to
become known and familiar to London society. He did this by making himself
available to a number of charitable institutions and becoming treasurer or
steward of associated fund raising activities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><i>The Royal Universal Infirmary for Children</i> whose Patrons were the
King & Queen; <i>The Surrey Dispensary; Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb; Freemasons’
Charity for Female Children; Christ’s Hospital Benevolent Society of Blues and St.
Luke’s Hospital for Lunatics;</i> all these and more, made him visible and gave
him presence.<br />
<br />
Alexander Raphael was probably the most forward and flamboyant of the brothers.
He was at times grandiose and, in certain circumstances, spared no amount of
money to ensure his opulent style was noticed. He was appointed Sheriff of
London in a spectacular unanimous vote in his favour on the 23<sup>rd</sup>
June 1834. During August of that year, Alexander was one of hundreds of
officials, and thousands of spectators to greet Queen Victoria upon her return
from Germany with Prince Albert. There were many vessels forming part of the
welcoming flotilla on the Thames, and Alexander was on board the steamer <i>‘Magnet’;</i><a href="#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a><i>
</i>this experience was no doubt a taste of things to come.<i> </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By now, he had already instructed his tailors
and livery designers to prepare for the official swearing in ceremony for the
office of Sheriff. After a great deal of preparation, the pomp and pageantry
took place on 30<sup>th</sup> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>September
1834. He was the first Catholic to be given this position since the expulsion
of the Stuarts.<a href="#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alexander commanded more than the usual
wordcount in newspaper reports, not only because of his Roman Catholic faith,
but because, in a jaw-dropping spectacle, no one had ever seen servants and
carriages dressed and decorated in such an elaborate, showmanship <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and flamboyant fashion as they were for
Alexander’s moment in the spotlight.<br />
<br />
<i>“Mr. Sheriff Raphael’s State Liveries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Swain and Co., tailors, Fleet Street, have been entrusted with the
decoration of the domestics of Mr. Sheriff elect Raphael; and the firm have
certainly done themselves much credit by the production, having built for the
attendants of the Sheriff as fine suits of liveries as we ever remember having
met with. We are not exactly willing to subscribe to the phrase we have seen
applied to them in some advertisements – “classical elegance and neatness;” it
becomes so difficult to apply these terms together and in harmony, when
speaking of a footman’s coat or a coachman’s coat – but this much we readily
declare, as far as we are capable of giving an opinion, we consider them
master-piece productions of the art of tailoring with decoration. <br />
<br />
We were told the Sheriff had not been particular with the price, leaving it
entirely in the hands of the tradesmen to exceed, if possible, all previous
productions in that line, and we could believe the object of excelling has been
accomplished.</i><a href="#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a><i>
<br />
<br />
</i>His father Edward, may have wanted to distance himself from his Armenian
roots, but Alexander was a little more clever about wanting to be accepted in
London, and acknowledging his Armenian heritage, he did so in the designs of
his liveries, subtly but with pride, knowing the people in the Capital would be
his audience.<br />
<br />
<i>The fabric of the coat are in light blue, with white facings; the skirts are
ornamented with an Eagle and Crown,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the
crest of the Sheriff,</i> </span><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">[<b>Note:</b>
perhaps lost on the reader and the crowd of the day, but these important
emblems were his subtle way of bringing Armenia and his heritage to the heart
of the British establishment during a centuries long tradition; a way to say
“I’m Armenian, not Jewish.” He later used the Eagle and Crown as part of his
Raphael family crest, see below]</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, and the
edges of the entire suit are bordered with massive embroidery in gold, of
exquisite workmanship – a running pattern of the vine, leaves and bunches of
grapes alternately. The breeches and waistcoat are of white cassimere,
ornamented with gold lace profusely to match.”</span></i><a href="#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
<br />
</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In fact the liveries were of such
exceptional quality and finish that the tailors, Swain and Co., announced in
the newspapers they were putting them on display for “private inspection” at
their premises for three days only.<br />
<br />
Alexander’s horse-drawn carriage was just as splendid in its accompanying
style. Made by Stubbs and Hancock, it was stated that “the workmanship, high
finishing, elegance and taste, were superior to any carriages in Europe.” It
certainly came very close to outshining the carriage of the Lord Mayor in the
procession.<br />
<br />
Yet, for all the money he threw at this, for all the confidence he displayed,
for all his commitment he swore to, there were rumblings of spite and malice.
He was Roman Catholic, that didn’t sit well with some. It was reported that he
was a Jew and that was something he attempted to correct. No doubt irked by the
label; he was keen to rectify the misinformation.<br />
<br />
<i>“With reference to the account which appeared in the Morning Advertiser of
the presentation of the Sheriffs of London to the Cursitor Baron, at
Westminster, on Tuesday last, it appears that the information which led our
reporter to the belief that Mr. Sheriff Raphael was a convert from the Jewish
faith to that of the Church of Rome, was erroneous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This gentleman, whose ancestors were natives
of Armenia – was, like them, made a member of the Church of Christ from his
infancy, according to the rights and doctrine of the Roman Catholic Communion.”</i><a href="#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a> <br />
<br />
But the papers continued to refer to him as the “Jewish convert” for the
remainder of his days. The daily publications made many assumptions in their
print columns,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and I believe that it was
something that happened almost naturally for them. Alas! It wouldn’t have
helped Alexander’s cause that there was another, completely unrelated family
called Raphael, who were Jewish bankers in London trading as R. Raphael &
Sons. To compound matters further, that family also had males named Edward, John
and Lewis Raphael. Since fact-checking wasn’t always high on the priority list
for the newspapers, I believe all the “Raphael’s” of London simply got given
the same label because it was just easier. Making it a life-time of frustration
for the Armenian Raphaels.<br />
<br />
Alexander Raphael was politically ambitious but not always so lucky. In 1835,
he was the unsuccessful Parliamentary candidate for Pontefract in Yorkshire and
was elected M.P. for County Carlow in Ireland, which was disallowed on petition</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> .<a href="#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
<br />
</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1847, aged 72, he was elected M.P. for St. Albans, the first
Armenian in the UK to do so.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLVo9AAoFPBCG8ZVhEKwb8obCI9V2Uk4gVfaLnAUPszA4eh4C03oxB_EEX0EJnJbLZgk3WFEojW-bgUzJDr7j-P3RWx5oBkGzIHvFButgG9kWttkun5Mnn111PbIVA8EVwobofAuAtTTE/s2048/daniel+o%2527connel+and+alexander+raphael+crying+after+the+carlow+election-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1699" data-original-width="2048" height="331" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLVo9AAoFPBCG8ZVhEKwb8obCI9V2Uk4gVfaLnAUPszA4eh4C03oxB_EEX0EJnJbLZgk3WFEojW-bgUzJDr7j-P3RWx5oBkGzIHvFButgG9kWttkun5Mnn111PbIVA8EVwobofAuAtTTE/w400-h331/daniel+o%2527connel+and+alexander+raphael+crying+after+the+carlow+election-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />Raphael clutches a handkerchief. Recommended by Daniel O'Connell, he was
elected Member of Parliament for Carlow in 1835 but was later unseated on a
petition. O'Connell was charged with corruption as Raphael had paid him on his
nomination and on being returned. <i>Alexander Raphael and Daniel O'Connell
crying. Coloured lithograph by H.B. (John Doyle), 1836. Credit: </i><a href="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/d346w3kf"><i><span style="color: blue;">Wellcome Collection</span></i></a><i>. </i><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><i><span style="color: blue;">Attribution
4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</span></i></a><i><u><span style="color: blue;"><br />
<br />
</span></u></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Towards the end of the 1830s, prior to Alexander going to Venice
to check progress of the Armenian school his father had wished to be started,
he travelled to Jerusalem. Accompanying him was a German artist, Herr Mullher.
Mullher made sketches of the city that were later turned into two exceptionally
large gallery paintings of 12ft by 8ft each.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><br />
<br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
<br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJJYL_pE6Jm4xuVA2Cl1gNr2Ny3H2wOREXA2JlNGk6a3Tqn-hIFKTcEVaQWv8Dsvy7ysqUtf14aduMxFYAzonA_DWfqWVXYiP4GEqV5JXSEr5cJ_HNOtlnn7s5Vm4Zy0snlk3uCWBCoio/s2048/key+to+mullher+and+whittocks+view+of+jerusalem+via+israel+library-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJJYL_pE6Jm4xuVA2Cl1gNr2Ny3H2wOREXA2JlNGk6a3Tqn-hIFKTcEVaQWv8Dsvy7ysqUtf14aduMxFYAzonA_DWfqWVXYiP4GEqV5JXSEr5cJ_HNOtlnn7s5Vm4Zy0snlk3uCWBCoio/w400-h266/key+to+mullher+and+whittocks+view+of+jerusalem+via+israel+library-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />Image courtesy of
The </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">National Library of Israel, Eran Laor
Cartographic Collection.<br />
<br />
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">These
artworks of Herr Mullher , seem to have disappeared from known collections,
making the prints even more sought after. Written at the bottom: Modern
Jerusalem. As it appears at the present day. Sketched on the spot.<br />
<br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGWPfysm9lbw80cqOWiwTUyUeMZifpmTHsxqrhFF5duL8hPuKeCwsfv5L5tfECadEACj8ERRsWr8LvkN7M4xOQcCiWkOZqWuS3YqtLXrPUdZZdHg2yR3TQuis_iEKiwIHA98QvgaOaS14/s1155/modern+jerusalem+as+it+appears+in+the+present+day-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="745" data-original-width="1155" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGWPfysm9lbw80cqOWiwTUyUeMZifpmTHsxqrhFF5duL8hPuKeCwsfv5L5tfECadEACj8ERRsWr8LvkN7M4xOQcCiWkOZqWuS3YqtLXrPUdZZdHg2yR3TQuis_iEKiwIHA98QvgaOaS14/w400-h258/modern+jerusalem+as+it+appears+in+the+present+day-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />The pencil sketches were turned into paintings and later lithograph engravings
and prints<br />
<br />
In 1857 the paintings were moved all over the UK and put on display for
visitors to view, the sketches had been published by R. Turner, Fine Art
Repository, Grey Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne on the 2<sup>nd</sup> May 1857. By
1860 they had been successfully copied into lithograph engravings and these
were then sold at an affordable price to the general public.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These reproductions were also sought after
and had their own road show for a couple of years after production. <br />
<br />
A typical review of a local newspaper of the exhibition of the paintings was
made in the Yorkshire Gazette of 3<sup>rd</sup> July 1858. <i>“We<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>have been much pleased with an inspection of
the magnificent paintings now on view at Mr. Sampson’s gallery, representing
Ancient Jerusalem in all its glory, and Modern Jerusalem as it appears at the
present time. These pictures originated in the liberality of the late A.
Raphael Esq., M.P., who was an ardent antiquary, and determined upon a
pilgrimage to the land of his fathers</i><a href="#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a><i>,
and engaged the eminent German artist, Herr Mullher, to accompany him thither.
No labour nor expense was spared to obtain facilities for research</i><a href="#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a><i>,
and ultimately the production of these valuable paintings, which, however, Mr.
Raphael was not spared to see completed. Upwards of £10,000</i><a href="#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a><i>
was expended on their production. There can be no doubt that those who
carefully examine the picture of Ancient Jerusalem will at once be struck with
its truthful appearance, and acknowledge it by far the most acceptable of the
Holy City, in its ancient glory, that has yet been painted. The Temple – in all
its glory – every wall, gate and court mentioned in sacred history are
represented with minute exactness; also the great altar and the Holy of Holies.
In the back and foreground are the palaces of Asmoneans, of Herod and his
sister Salome, the Tower of Mariamne, the tombs of Absolam, David and Solomon,
the Hall of the Sanhedrim, the Kedra, Valley of Jehoshaphat, and other hallowed
spots. The other picture is equally interesting – Modern Jerusalem, no longer
adorned with its former glories – yet forms a most interesting subject, and
affords matter for deep contemplation. Both paintings are executed with great
artistic skill, and the elaborate manner in which the minutest details are
wrought out is indeed marvellous. We cannot describe the paintings – they must
be seen to be appreciated.<br />
<br />
</i><br />
<br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_e-eSXuaqClrUUKpzgSviO6k_53RV51I3lhrR8g4XaL3eppImtaFSt2M32d_cmVChVzQLX-7htqvOxvWMbdcsmgfF2usApqkRpIjk0mW9u5opr62ye7IIQyFAURlcNALBayq9r4zAZDk/s966/1860+november+17+ancient+jerusalem+paintings+on+display-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="966" height="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_e-eSXuaqClrUUKpzgSviO6k_53RV51I3lhrR8g4XaL3eppImtaFSt2M32d_cmVChVzQLX-7htqvOxvWMbdcsmgfF2usApqkRpIjk0mW9u5opr62ye7IIQyFAURlcNALBayq9r4zAZDk/w400-h249/1860+november+17+ancient+jerusalem+paintings+on+display-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />Advert: Bristol Mercury 17<sup>th</sup> November 1860<br />
<br />
Almost every single advertisement printed to promote the display of the
paintings incorrectly stated that Alexander Raphael was a converted Jew and had
“returned to his motherland”. By the time these paintings had been executed,
reproduced and then sent to tour the country, Alexander had passed away and it
must have been a constant source of frustration for his family to endure the
inaccurate label. <br />
<br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I have no doubt his
travels, particularly those to Italy, inspired him. On his return to England, Alexander
set about planning to build a Catholic church in the grounds of his home,
Ditton Lodge, overlooking the Thames. The cost was around £14,000 which
included a provision for an endowment for a priest. At its completion in <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>July 1847, it equates today to in excess of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>£1.1 million in real terms<a href="#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a>.
He must have been struck by the architectural beauty in the buildings he saw in
Europe. That influence was most definitely present in the design of St.
Raphael’s church and transferring these new and exciting ideas to his own
project, in the heart of England, was noted by many to be an extraordinary
thing to do. It would have taken time to draw up plans, have the stone quarried
and cut, organize shipping of the marble from Italy (which he may have already
sourced when he was there); but the foundation stone was laid on 2<sup>nd</sup>
February 1846 and the building was completed just over a year later. <br />
<br />
<i>“The new Roman Catholic Church is a handsome building in the Italian style,
situated on the southern bank of the Thames, close to the road side, and
opposite to Hampton Court Palace. It was designed by Mr. Charles Parker,
architect of Tavistock Street, Bedford Square, and erected at the sole cost of
Alexander Raphael Esq., of Surbiton Place, and M.P. for St. Albans, upon whose
estate it stands. This church is built of Bath stone; it consists of a western
tower, a nave, north and south aisles, a chancel, with tribune and sacristies.<br />
<br />
The entrance is in the tower, as shown in the engraving. <br />
</i></span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUttarHE_8lzCNL7EaF19IZRfCopbxt2ulq9PLjPBBA5jeOR27za4Nl8lTjt5uoFtTa6uwvio9Y8Y60IX02g3fW25JRBKqeuAtyUAky6DWUpf8_XNg-bgm7oWmBL6OSVDhmwHwpMZ8-LE/s2048/st+raphaels+church-aa.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1564" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUttarHE_8lzCNL7EaF19IZRfCopbxt2ulq9PLjPBBA5jeOR27za4Nl8lTjt5uoFtTa6uwvio9Y8Y60IX02g3fW25JRBKqeuAtyUAky6DWUpf8_XNg-bgm7oWmBL6OSVDhmwHwpMZ8-LE/w305-h400/st+raphaels+church-aa.jpg" width="305" /></a></div><br />Engraving: Henry Linton 1847 immediately after the church was completed<br />
<br />
In the arch above the door, there appears the Greek form or monogram of the
cross, as sculptured on sarcophaguses of the first ages of Christianity. The
plan of the tower is square; it measures 16 feet at its base, and the whole
height, including the cross, is 78 feet. A cast-iron screen runs across the
inner part, and forms the entrance porch. On each side of the inner doorway are
stoups, the bowl and shaft made of Italian marble. In one corner there is a
small staircase, reaching to the organ loft, which is open to the nave, as high
as the clock chamber. From this there is an easy ascent to the belfry, where,
by an arrangement of the machinery, the clock strikes the angulus bell at the
proper hours.<br />
<br />
The nave consists of three compartments; the length is 45 feet, the height is
43 feet, and the width, including the aisles, 44 feet. The pedestals, pillars,
and entablatures supporting the arches, are of Portland stone; over each arch there
are windows of three lights, forming a clerestory The roofs, framed with beams
and rafters, are open to the ceiling/ each principal rests upon a moulded and
enriched corbel; all the roofs are covered with files made from a model
obtained from Florence. The eastern gable rises considerably above the chancel,
and supports a belfry for the sanctus bell. The floor is laid with red and
while hexagonal tiles; the benches are low and open; the walls are decorated
with coloured monograms, as found in the catacombs of the first Christians. At
the western end of the north aisle the font is fixed; the bowl and shaft are of
Italian marble; the cover is of oak, framed in four compartments.<br />
<br />
The chancel, raised one step above the ordinary level of the church, and separated
by a wrought-iron railing, is 22 feet in length, and the same width as the
nave; the height is 37 feet; the roof is open to the ceiling, as before
described. On the north, east, and south sides there are windows, each composed
of three lights; in these openings coloured glass will be inserted. The wall
immediately over the east window is enriched by a gilt cross. The pavement,
three steps, and platform, are laid with Sicilian marble; the altar and
tabernacle, both free from the wall, are of the same material; the altar is
enriched with festoons of flowers, sculptured in Italy; the door of the
tabernacle is an ancient carved oak panel; probably of the thirteenth century;
it represents the crucifixion, and is a work of great interest. The sedilia are
of oak and ornamented with carvings of angel-heads and other subjects, there
are carvings on the backs of the seats. The pulpit adjoins the sanctuary, and
is placed round the last column of the nave; it is octagonal in plan and of
Sicilian marble. The tribune is separated from the chancel by an open screen.
The vault for the founder is under the sanctuary.<br />
<br />
On the north side of the church, and communicating with the sacristies, there
is a residence for the priest, attached to which is a sufficient piece of ground
for a garden. On the south side there are schools for boys and girls, with
separate play grounds. At the east end the cemetery is placed, in the centre of
which an iron cross is erected.<br />
<br />
The church is on the estate of Mr. Alexander Raphael, the present member for
St. Albans, who has given the ground, and at his sole charge erected and
endowed the whole of the buildings for the benefit of the poor.</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">”<a href="#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a>
<a href="#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
<i>The London Evening Standard</i> made a point of rejoicing in Alexander’s
building success, particularly since he was treated so badly during the
elections: <i>“…a gentleman whom we rejoice to see in Parliament, because we
feel that his admission to that assembly is the payment of a debt long due to
his manliness and integrity. We speak of Mr. Alexander Raphael, the victim of
the most cruel injustice that ever was committed by a jobbing committee of a
jobbing House of Commons – injustice we are ashamed to say, too freely connived
at by the public. Mr. Raphael was grossly defrauded by one of whom we will now
say nothing, because he has gone to his account.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He remonstrated against the fraud – a
committee of the house all but sanctioned the wrong of which he had been the
victim, and a frivolous public, unhappily not much indisposed to admire
successful craft – seemed to approve of the sanction given by the Parliamentary
committee to the transactions of the Carlow election.<br />
<br />
Mr. Raphael has had his revenge – such revenge as a generous and kind-hearted
man can enjoy; he has lived down the sneers of his detractors by a succession
of years passed in the active exercise of munificent benevolence, and of
generous friendship where he had not scope for the exercise of munificence..
His purse and – where men would not consent to aid from it – his influence have
ever been at the service of the deserving; we know of no man from whose modest
private career a greater number of acts of generous kindness can be quoted. He
endowed the Roman Catholic chapel at his own expense of £12,000 from his own
resources. It is a consolation to know that among Roman Catholics there are
such men…….”</i><a href="#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a><i><br />
<br />
</i>However, only a few weeks later, <i>‘The Tablet’ in January 1848 stated:
“we hope it is not true, as we hear, that this admirable church, and in
particular the rooms of the adjoining house, are being injured by being left
uninhabited. A correspondent informs us that the paper is falling from the
walls, and that other signs of decay are visible. We are also told that this is
owing to a delay in arranging the terms of an endowment, which is designed to
be speedily completed by Mr. Raphael’s Christian liberality.’<br />
</i><br />
Of course, there are always opportunists, particularly amongst petty criminals.
The building project of the church was not immune to a bit of thieving. A
plumber, named Gladow, employed by the contracting builders, Mr. John Dickson
and Mr. Dean, had thrown some roof lead down from the top of the building and
his accomplices, James Watts and James McDonald, attempted to make off with it.
Unfortunately for them, a keen-eyed bobby noticed their arrival at Nine Elms
train terminus, and, seeing Watts had something heavy on him, stopped him.
McDonald escaped. The policeman wasted no time, gave Watts to two gentlemen of
the public to hold whilst he then went in pursuit. He managed to capture
McDonald, brought him back to the terminus and found that Watts had 32lbs of
lead in a bag whilst McDonald had 38lbs of brand new sheet lead.<a href="#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[24]</span></span></span></span></a>
All I can say is, what stamina! To run away carrying that amount of lead. How
fortuitous for Alexander to have his property recovered, presumably it was
positioned back on the roof in no time at all. This incident is actually a good
indicator of how completed the church was at the beginning of 1847.<br />
<br />
I believe it is no coincidence the name of the church and the family name that
built it, was a deliberate action for the Raphael name to live on many years
after they had died. His great niece did the same thing with her aeroplane, and
named it the St. Raphael. Alexander also built the Catholic Church in St.
Albans, Hertfordshire, although it was completed after he died.<br />
<br />
It is, without doubt, because of Alexander’s father, Edward Raphael and his
strong Catholic beliefs and even stronger Catholic family network back in
India, that St. Raphael’s church exists today in Surrey. The influence and
history of the Raphael’s extended<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>family
of Chorhatsgerentz, Gharamiants, Manuel, Arathoon, Baboom, Carapiet, Benedict,
Tatius, Glomier and others, all helped to contribute towards Alexander’s
Catholic philanthropic generosity. The small, close-knit Armenian Catholic
community of Madras in the late 18<sup>th</sup> and early 19<sup>th</sup>
centuries had no idea of the future and type of gentlemen the orphan Raphael
boys would become, but they all stayed true to their faith. <br />
<br />
Perhaps Alexander was inspired by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>his
equally generous and philanthropic cousin in Bombay with whom he shared
Gharamiants as common relatives. Rose Nesbit, a woman of immense independent
wealth, built her own Catholic chapel in 1787 in Byculla. Attached to her
house, unlike St. Raphael’s Church whose purpose was to serve the poor
Catholics of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kingston and Surbiton,
Rose’s church was entirely for her own private worship and reflection. She also
endowed it with extra funds to support a priest, for whom she supplied a
separate house as accommodation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was
however, at least a little more organized than Alexander, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">before her death in 1819 she gave over the chapel and
property to the Vicar Apostolic, and it subsequently was opened to the public. <br />
<br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLOdxwj2hDLdCdw5QMYkBDm_udOq1T7uCmLdUFSJiIuN2cR5etl79VFEQ1ALWm_RMUWQsRFEO_JskGNfdxccfgRKKCnXsSvfEpqeMq3J3NgwXSnbcjYZk2Yq8IVbiccFsk1BOcRVl3UM0/s2048/roman+catholic+church+montage-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1949" data-original-width="2048" height="381" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLOdxwj2hDLdCdw5QMYkBDm_udOq1T7uCmLdUFSJiIuN2cR5etl79VFEQ1ALWm_RMUWQsRFEO_JskGNfdxccfgRKKCnXsSvfEpqeMq3J3NgwXSnbcjYZk2Yq8IVbiccFsk1BOcRVl3UM0/w400-h381/roman+catholic+church+montage-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />The Roman Catholic
Church at Surbiton. Called the Church of the Archangel Raphael. Presented by
Alexander Raphael Esqr., M.P. Image: Liz Chater private archive collection.
Original image by Thomas Allom, </span>engraved by William Radclyffe. <br />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0SfuQs06d-v1KEj4jvw76EpDNDqWh1QI2zAdRi2FlKWnfxGMhWhJPcbaoAYM9LBiAz-VYuYIjdX85YMU8xAEJzJsFAYW9yXL15mHi3iO87wAuu8KaK2rJu4YMtbaPTSB8JU-_y3sKzqQ/s922/surbiton+place-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="536" data-original-width="922" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0SfuQs06d-v1KEj4jvw76EpDNDqWh1QI2zAdRi2FlKWnfxGMhWhJPcbaoAYM9LBiAz-VYuYIjdX85YMU8xAEJzJsFAYW9yXL15mHi3iO87wAuu8KaK2rJu4YMtbaPTSB8JU-_y3sKzqQ/w400-h233/surbiton+place-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />Alexander’s home, Surbiton Place</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Over the
years Alexander had purchased large areas of land and property in the south of
England, but no amount of money or pomposity could save him from <i>His</i>
calling, and on the 17<sup>th</sup> November 1850 Alexander passed away after a
short illness. He failed to make a will and thus died intestate, just as his
brother John had done. Administration of his enormous wealth fell on the
shoulders of his younger brother Lewis, who found himself having to pay a vast
quantity of money in death duties on the estate. Alexander’s personal property
alone amounted to £250,000. This is the equivalent today of over £23.6 million.
Had Alexander completed a will, the death duties paid would have been a great
deal less than the present day value of £1.1 million. A salutary reminder that
we should all make time to complete our last will and testament, to save our
families the distress and heartache that can be attached to dying when one
isn’t made. It was reported that during his lifetime, he had given over
£100,000 to the Catholic cause and was the builder of the new town of Surbiton.<a href="#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[25]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span class="hascaption"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="hascaption"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitN6YEg54drNlWaR01mZwq_tM7yyPncYoG7pVx1ZNT9JE_5GheOKu021oUUU97GLlA0NZNdzR2wpsXwYWUp8-pKPqXKTOxG6gY0MUqIrr9k-ZfSZnfKpoDuA7xCzmUQaDPw_g46FibRKY/s480/alexander+raphael+coat+of+arms++over+the+organ+of+st+raphael+church+kingston.bmp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="441" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitN6YEg54drNlWaR01mZwq_tM7yyPncYoG7pVx1ZNT9JE_5GheOKu021oUUU97GLlA0NZNdzR2wpsXwYWUp8-pKPqXKTOxG6gY0MUqIrr9k-ZfSZnfKpoDuA7xCzmUQaDPw_g46FibRKY/w368-h400/alexander+raphael+coat+of+arms++over+the+organ+of+st+raphael+church+kingston.bmp" width="368" /></a></span></div><span class="hascaption"><br />The Coat of Arms of Alexander Raphael Esq., a
Catholic Armenian from Madras. M.P. for St. Albans Hertfordshire, and the first
Roman Catholic Sheriff of London. Note Mount Ararat is included in the crest.
This coat of arms is still in use by the family today by the Savile Family.<br />
<br />
Extracted from: "The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and
Wales comprising a registry of Armorial B</span><span class="textexposedshow">earings
from the earliest time to the present day. Volume 3. by John Burke 1851".</span><br />
<br />
<span class="textexposedshow">Raphael, Ditton Lodge, County Surrey; granted to
Alexander Raphael Esq., of that place. Quarterly, azure and argent, a cross
moline or, in the 1st quarter the sun in splendour; in the 2nd a mount representing
Mount Ararat, the ark on the summit, and a city at the base, with the
inscription, in the Armenian language, NAKSIVAN; in the 3rd quarter two figures
representing the angel Raphael, and Tobias, standing on a mount, thereon a fish
all ppr., in the 4th an anchor with the cable entwined in bend or. Crest: Out
of an Eastern crown or, a demi eagle with two heads displ. sa. beaked and
charged on the breast with a cross moline gold.<br />
<br />
The double headed eagle was very familiar to Alexander, it having been placed
on the altar and baptismal font of an Armenian funded Catholic Church in his
home town of Madras.</span> <a href="https://chater-genealogy.blogspot.com/2014/03/armenian-from-madras-1808-sarquis.html">https://chater-genealogy.blogspot.com/2014/03/armenian-from-madras-1808-sarquis.html</a><span class="textexposedshow"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span class="textexposedshow"><br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiogcbvziSNUjZye-nHiM5B03Wv_ZvD_cRLv-___tUXmD6yTpUkaaVG-NJVEWAjzK1F_yrujTRarhs6LHoVZzjGkMqC_0SjK5OF4z4ST0JmSpifJ-rAjrEDWwG3tVHa3u3pcglxAcByYlY/s1600/double+headed+eagle+madras+church-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="438" data-original-width="1600" height="110" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiogcbvziSNUjZye-nHiM5B03Wv_ZvD_cRLv-___tUXmD6yTpUkaaVG-NJVEWAjzK1F_yrujTRarhs6LHoVZzjGkMqC_0SjK5OF4z4ST0JmSpifJ-rAjrEDWwG3tVHa3u3pcglxAcByYlY/w400-h110/double+headed+eagle+madras+church-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The doubled-headed eagle symbol was used in a Catholic church in Madras also funded by Armenians<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />Alexander Raphael had ensured the architectural plans for the church included a
vault immediately below the High Altar, it was specifically mentioned to be the
Raphael family vault where he had already indicated his desire for it to be his
last resting place. He was indeed laid to rest in the Raphael crypt of the
church, as were other members of the Raphael family; brother, Lewis; nephew,
Edward; nieces, Anne and of course Agnes, Countess of Mexborough, all of whom
passed away after him. Ditton Lodge and St. Raphael’s church remained within
the Raphael family until 1890. Details of the inheritance transitions can be
found further down.<br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwBgL1GQ3BhLHNxZO5cMcWSHN8tOcZyBnSHHLtTKUPBQMt5y7NtyDQ9bzP7xb_EyJvRx5lXuLkO3JV4lUvOFdokOuMf0iUZ8NZZ2XaXD3Y__CS7DdAiw5mNBHN9Rn_fWqNCSSXvcSmucM/s526/TWO-BURIAL-PLACES-RED.bmp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="526" data-original-width="464" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwBgL1GQ3BhLHNxZO5cMcWSHN8tOcZyBnSHHLtTKUPBQMt5y7NtyDQ9bzP7xb_EyJvRx5lXuLkO3JV4lUvOFdokOuMf0iUZ8NZZ2XaXD3Y__CS7DdAiw5mNBHN9Rn_fWqNCSSXvcSmucM/w353-h400/TWO-BURIAL-PLACES-RED.bmp" width="353" /></a></div><br />Alexander Raphael’s coffin in the Raphael Vault of St. Raphael’s Church,
Kingston. Image courtesy of St. Raphael’s Church Kingston-upon-Thames <i>A
Virtual Tour. David A Kennedy, 2019, Alexander Raphael - a man with two burial places, www.kingstonhistoryresearch.co.uk<br />
<br />
</i></span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaPPc_AbdkefJDkg7MDXVKwyhyCcwUN4I7PP8Va0eTCoD0XkxrQomtICX0EzxgtOemBSbpN5mBQqCl-xX3jkaG8gKL30s0ASfZ2Ppc1zvs08r93dQTs6Y2EjlmsfQ3uEuykZRbn-xspHk/s1396/alexander+raphael+memorial+plaque+in+his+church+in+latin+no+date.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="698" data-original-width="1396" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaPPc_AbdkefJDkg7MDXVKwyhyCcwUN4I7PP8Va0eTCoD0XkxrQomtICX0EzxgtOemBSbpN5mBQqCl-xX3jkaG8gKL30s0ASfZ2Ppc1zvs08r93dQTs6Y2EjlmsfQ3uEuykZRbn-xspHk/w400-h200/alexander+raphael+memorial+plaque+in+his+church+in+latin+no+date.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />Image
and translation courtesy of Kingston-upon-Thames – A Virtual Tour (as above)<br />
<br />
To God, most good, most great <br />
<br />
Herein rests Alexander Raphael, who in certain hope of a better life, not long
since was the noble and distinguished founder of this Church. He was a member
of the British Parliament and lover of country, justice and freedom, who held
an unshakeable faith. He was a skilled linguist renowned for his generous
financial assistance for the education of poor young people and in the
promotion of the Catholic Faith, not only in England but also in Italy and
Germany, which he continued to fund while he lived. <br />
<br />
He was renowned for his many virtues for which he was honoured by the Order of
St. Sylvester being conferred upon him by the Supreme Pontiff, His Eminence
Pope Pius IX. <br />
<br />
He died on the 17th day of November in A.D. 1850 aged 75. <br />
<br />
This memorial monument has been erected by a dutiful brother and sister and his
like-minded grieving nephews and nieces*. <br />
<br />
May he rest in peace<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</span>* The brother in question was bachelor Lewis and the sister was Anna
Moorat. The nephews and nieces were the surviving four children of Alexander’s
late brother John and Mary Raphael nee Calvert as well as the surviving two
children <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of Anna and Samuel Moorat.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhivmCgOenqQ5uUODUSUeJS9oYzOcnQUjfSB_gcl8E2yU5jL72je0eHuzybpkgpOn4T4A0-OJJSrYXOd8I6sYkHUCxiygagABrMg7DHdpmsYI5cbfr3ymIsD7Fky5KRc8ia84_pDwugdEI/s569/1850+november+23+small+obit+for+alexander+raphael+Illustrated+London+Newswith+coat+of+arms.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="569" data-original-width="280" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhivmCgOenqQ5uUODUSUeJS9oYzOcnQUjfSB_gcl8E2yU5jL72je0eHuzybpkgpOn4T4A0-OJJSrYXOd8I6sYkHUCxiygagABrMg7DHdpmsYI5cbfr3ymIsD7Fky5KRc8ia84_pDwugdEI/w196-h400/1850+november+23+small+obit+for+alexander+raphael+Illustrated+London+Newswith+coat+of+arms.jpg" width="196" /></a></div><br />How some of the newspapers replicated the Raphael coat of arms<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6eM3_YBpL5euE1I83eeuEksfH-dB0A__9OreI0J4Hvs3zLgcw1HMq8IQcE5JSwKiFaQ2NT_NVUzzb4C1tOQqJ1Tx7Vqk9Ap2Plv3MEe9uN2g1QvhcIBMpKYXlLie9zSXBWxY5caBC2lw/s800/this+is+not+ALEXANDER-RAPHAEL-+it+is+Peter+Hyrapiet+Crete-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="503" data-original-width="800" height="402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6eM3_YBpL5euE1I83eeuEksfH-dB0A__9OreI0J4Hvs3zLgcw1HMq8IQcE5JSwKiFaQ2NT_NVUzzb4C1tOQqJ1Tx7Vqk9Ap2Plv3MEe9uN2g1QvhcIBMpKYXlLie9zSXBWxY5caBC2lw/w640-h402/this+is+not+ALEXANDER-RAPHAEL-+it+is+Peter+Hyrapiet+Crete-a.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />Image: Kingston History
Research, David A Kennedy, 2017, From Madras to Surbiton. Alexander Raphael, unbeaten champion, 1775-1850, www.kingstonhistoryresearch.co.uk<br />
<br />
It is thought this sarcophagus at San Lazarro was intended for Alexander
Raphael. It was never used until 1940 when another generous Armenian benefactor
and philanthropist died in Trieste. Petros Hyrapiet Crete is forever remembered
in Venice, His magnificent tomb (above) is situated opposite that of Abbot
Mekhithar.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="#_ftn26" name="_ftnref27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[26]</span></span></span></span></a></span> Perhaps an enterprising abbot thought the unused sarcophagus would
be the perfect tribute to such a generous donor. The
tribute inscription is for Crete, as follows:<a href="#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[27]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
<i>Petros Hyrapiet Crete<br />
Knight Commander of the Order of St Grigor the Great<br />
Born in 1865 in New Julfa<br />
<br />
Philanthropist, brother of Catholicosate of Cilicia<br />
Died in 1940 in Trieste<br />
<br />
</i></span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWya_dES1NHdwZpKQRGtTGdbio8Tdd6TSl0-k7DdvEpweCI6CRZg7Y0PoK7osjrJE5LS8dTJ5uJ02HQps3sAwR7IKNpt_CUyKnsh0EfnW97f3MB4AqNbUydtiJSsEdTGnz6-SiyIHKJwg/s2048/P+H+Crete+P1050399-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1554" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWya_dES1NHdwZpKQRGtTGdbio8Tdd6TSl0-k7DdvEpweCI6CRZg7Y0PoK7osjrJE5LS8dTJ5uJ02HQps3sAwR7IKNpt_CUyKnsh0EfnW97f3MB4AqNbUydtiJSsEdTGnz6-SiyIHKJwg/w304-h400/P+H+Crete+P1050399-a.jpg" width="304" /></a></div><br />P.H. Crete. Image Liz Chater’s private archive.<br />
<br />
</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Although he was
born in Persia, Petros Crete was educated at the Armenian College &
Philanthropic Academy in Calcutta. He was heavily involved with the coal
industry at Asansol and became very wealthy. He lived in India, but he
travelled extensively and was widely known for his philanthropic
contributions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During one of his trips
abroad, when he was in Rome he donated Rs5,00,000 to His Holiness, the Pope for
Armenian Roman Catholics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In recognition
of his generosity the Pope conferred on him the title of Knight Commander of
the Order of St. Gregory the Great.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Prior to his death Peter donated another Rs 35,00,000 to the Pope for Armenian
Roman Catholics.<a href="#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[28]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
As a bachelor, with no descendants, Alexander’s property Ditton Lodge at Thames
Ditton, and the adjoining St. Raphael’s Church as well as the whole Ditton
estate, devolved to Lewis the youngest brother, who was only able to enjoy it
for a very short time as he died in December 1851. The property, including the
church, was then inherited by his nephew Edward, son of Alexander and Lewis’s brother
John, who lived there for the next 38 years. One of the bequests that Lewis
made from Alexander’s estate was an exceptionally large gift of £10,000, an
equivalent figure today would be over £1 million to Cardinal Wiseman. A name
well known in Greenford, London because the local school was named after the
Cardinal. Incidentally, Cardinal Wiseman saw out his days at Prior Park near
Bath, a property that Alexander Raphael had purchased for £30,000. By agreeing
to give Prior Park to the Cardinal, Alexander was honoured with the Papal Order
of Knighthood by The Pope who conferred the Grand Cross of the Order of St.
Sylvester<a href="#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[29]</span></span></span></span></a>
on him. However, Alexander’s lack of forethought brought a heavy price, not
only to his family but to the Cardinal and the Catholic Church. As well as not
making a will, Alexander also failed to sign the deeds transferring the
churches at Kingston and St. Albans as well as Prior Park, to the Cardinal.
This resulted in the Cardinal losing around £70,000 worth of property.<a href="#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[30]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1VUnujMkujhkyfbxWEfq5mzOr7koGHFMDVUakReZ79M7WWvystv-y8E4ML3Cl66mK502WBNhtUIXsswRdSlKUFEsGEHk55AYa8SmW2Fv-4vHIT8Nr6IdGkOdbPRFnzIG-FwgVdbqMpzU/s2048/raphael+purchase+of+prior+park+newspaper+cutting+into+jpeg-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1583" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1VUnujMkujhkyfbxWEfq5mzOr7koGHFMDVUakReZ79M7WWvystv-y8E4ML3Cl66mK502WBNhtUIXsswRdSlKUFEsGEHk55AYa8SmW2Fv-4vHIT8Nr6IdGkOdbPRFnzIG-FwgVdbqMpzU/w309-h400/raphael+purchase+of+prior+park+newspaper+cutting+into+jpeg-a.jpg" width="309" /></a></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Properties of Alexander Raphael</span></h4><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
<br />
1811 – 49 Upper Berkley Street, Mayfair, London<br />
<br />
1811 - Ditton Lodge, Thames Ditton was originally built by Alexander Raphael,
along with the St. Raphael Church. Upon his death in 1850 his brother Lewis
inherited it. Upon Lewis’s death in 1851 their nephew, Edward, inherited it.
Upon Edward’s death in 1888 his sister Anne inherited it, and upon her death in
1889, her sister, Agnes, Countess of Mexborough inherited it.<br />
<br />
1833 - Surbiton Hall also known as Surbiton Place and Surbiton Manor, Surrey<br />
<br />
1837 - 10 Great Stanhope Street, London<br />
<br />
1837-1842 – Canton House, 120 London Road, Brighton<a href="#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[31]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
Contrary to popular belief, Alexander Raphael <i>did not </i>own Pope’s Villa
in Twickenham. Speculation became so fervent in the London newspapers in
August/September 1839 that he was the “new” purchaser, he was forced to place a
denial in the London Evening Standard stating the claim was untrue.<a href="#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[32]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
Verulam House, St. Albans<br />
<br />
1847 – Parrock Manor, Milton, Gravesend [after Alexander’s death briefly owned
by his younger brother Lewis and later owned by nephew Edward, then Edward’s brother
Lewis]<br />
<br />
1850 – Ifield Court, Gravesend [after Alexander’s death briefly owned by his
younger brother Lewis and later owned by nephew Edward<br />
<br />
1851 - Verulam Lodge, St. Albans [later owned by nephew Edward Raphael]<br />
</span><br /><br /><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN4DEw9uFUWzDXpyrAd7xTFhM-OCAdGEwZLD37XX5JuESCzXRz-GyWv70eUv8yWpyB53HuX7tXjhiUVovzLBFZ9Je3G3KBGJnd0yn3ob0IAZKQlRXTzegv_q_6w_EAWebrJyr8BIQ2nvY/s1480/john+raphael+family+tree+chart-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1480" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN4DEw9uFUWzDXpyrAd7xTFhM-OCAdGEwZLD37XX5JuESCzXRz-GyWv70eUv8yWpyB53HuX7tXjhiUVovzLBFZ9Je3G3KBGJnd0yn3ob0IAZKQlRXTzegv_q_6w_EAWebrJyr8BIQ2nvY/w400-h346/john+raphael+family+tree+chart-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />John Raphael family tree chart showing the
direct lineage of the Raphael/Savile’s to Raphael Gharamiants of Persia. Image:
Liz Chater<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span><p></p>
<h2><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">John Raphael 1777-1838<br />
</span></b><span class="Heading3Char"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Second Son of Edward Raphael<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">John
studied law and signed Articles of Agreement on 18<sup>th</sup> October 1802
for five years, with lawyer John Morgan of Bedford Row, London. He successfully
completed his term and became a solicitor in November 1807.<a href="#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[33]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1815 John was able to take on his own
Articled Clerk, his name was Charles John Frederick Malo. Charles Malo went on
to complete his term and stayed on with John Raphael.<br />
<br />
Just like his brother Alexander Raphael, John had the honour of receiving the
Freedom of the City of London in December 1837.<a href="#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[34]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVQ93obqRwGmovv8ehJS5uQfZBgz4-L7ey2lQJ_JVkV1VezNqljlp3AW8b_rOyWk_JzoZJBtuWWwmDNw0UIe9lyTKvNYLQvJduxduG_9PhJLMiDqaUpmKIZnfEwZ0NnC4fXh8c9lj8etc/s2048/John+raphael+1837+freedom+of+the+city+of+London+papers-03-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1463" data-original-width="2048" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVQ93obqRwGmovv8ehJS5uQfZBgz4-L7ey2lQJ_JVkV1VezNqljlp3AW8b_rOyWk_JzoZJBtuWWwmDNw0UIe9lyTKvNYLQvJduxduG_9PhJLMiDqaUpmKIZnfEwZ0NnC4fXh8c9lj8etc/w400-h286/John+raphael+1837+freedom+of+the+city+of+London+papers-03-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Freedom of the City of London for John Raphael, Alexander's brother<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />He too became involved in politics, but
not as much as Alexander. Often seen as a Returning Officer for elections, he
was more conspicuously his brother’s ‘wing-man’, not only advising him on
political matters but also offering important legal advice, particularly during
Alexander’s tumultuous time in the O’Connell affair.<a href="#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[35]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
John, who had married Mary Calvert (more on her later) in September 1810 in St.
Mary Abbots Church, Kensington, went on to have seven children with her. (1) Alexander
Edward; (2) Mary; (3) Edward; (4) John; (5) Lewis; (6) Anne and (7) Agnes Louisa.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All were born in England, but at the
time of writing this blog, only two Catholic records are available to view
digitally, the others, at the moment are mysteriously unavailable. <br />
<br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Whatever joy the
Freedom of London may have brought him, it was a short-lived delight. <br />
<br />
John was not destined to see his surviving children grow into mature adulthood.
The loss of three of his off-spring put him in a permanent state of anxiety. On
23<sup>rd</sup> November 1838 he had received a letter from Boulogne, where his
son and daughter were, advising that they were ill. He became depressed and
soon after experienced chest pains. Nevertheless, he continued with his plans
and went out for dinner about 4.30pm and returned home around 11pm. The pain
increased once he was in bed and the housekeeper sent for a doctor. On
examination it was declared he was suffering from “spasms in the chest” and the
doctor wrote a prescription, but before it was obtained, John had died. Our
modern medicines and diagnoses would likely say John suffered a heart attack,
but the following extraordinary account offers another alternative.<br />
<br />
<i>“Mr. Anthony Watt, solicitor, said that he accompanied the deceased to St.
John’s Wood. On his way there he appeared like a man who was overwhelmed with
grief. He mentioned his children, and observed that he was fearful he should
never bring one up. He had lost three – one at the age of twenty one, another
at the age of twenty two and a third at the age of eighteen. They died
successively.”</i> <br />
<br />
At the inquest of John Raphael, held at the Grafton Arms, Tottenham Court Road,
with the body on view, the official verdict reached was: <i>“That the deceased
died by the visitation of God.”</i><a href="#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[36]</span></span></span></span></a>
Not a diagnosis and conclusion we are familiar with today.<br />
<br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">John failed to make a will prior to his
death,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and Administration of his estate
was granted to his widow Mary (nee Calvert). However, for whatever reason, it
remained unadministered right up until her death in August 1873, a period of 35
years. Her daughter Anne was executor to her will which was proved in December
of that year. John’s estate was finally proved at Probate on 6<sup>th</sup>
October 1874 by his son Lewis, whose address was given as 10 Jermyn Street, St.
James’s.<br />
<br />
The unexpected and untimely death of John did not just affect his family, but
it also affected those who worked for him. His loyal Articled Clerk, Charles
Malo, who had married only three years previously, suddenly found himself
without a position and with no income, it wasn’t long before he was hopelessly
in debt, declared insolvent and put into debtors’ jail. In 1841 he applied to
the Court of Relief as an insolvent debtor and by 1848 he had passed away and
was buried in St. Pancras cemetery.<a href="#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[37]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
Of John Raphael’s children, three of the seven died as young adults. <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><p></p>
<h2><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Alexander Edward
Raphael – 1811-1831</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span class="Heading3Char"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Eldest
Son of John Raphael</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Alexander Edward Raphael had been sailing
in a vessel ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rothsay Castle’</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> between Liverpool and Beaumaris in Wales
when it was caught in heavy stormy seas and wrecked. It was a catastrophe that
could have been avoided, had the Captain not been drunk and not refused to turn
around to seek shelter in port when pleaded with by the passengers. Those who
did manage to survive gave heart rendering accounts of their journey and the
disaster as it unfolded to the enquiry afterwards.<br />
<br />
<i>“Mr. Alexander Raphael. This young gentleman, who had not attained his
twentieth year at the period of his premature death, was the eldest son of John
Raphael, Esq., of Fitzroy Square, London. He had visited Manchester for the
purpose of seeing a particular friend, (Mr. M.P. Calvert, the artist) and
unfortunately determined upon an excursion to the Menai Bridge previous to his
return home, which brought him in contact with the fatal vessel. He was
intended for the bar, and had received the greater portion of his education in
Paris. He resided in that city with such view for several years, and was an eye
witness of the scenes consequent upon the revolution of 1830. His remains were
never found, though every practicable means were resorted to for their recovery.”</i></span><a href="#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[38]</span></span></span></span></a><i><br />
<br />
</i></span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg30N0_gOhEKAcniN5Ay2U9wlOl6eb4k5SGSUXyEuLFciF4ooI3XtuOFHY8_ByjT54F3rN9YhNjcgYYUtQke2LxbwTAF2DBcEuZlICGtMNcl2kF2W3ioE1goUJIUBJlbPpSGguE5QaZ8nQ/s1280/rothesay+castle+wreck+via+rmg+website.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="985" data-original-width="1280" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg30N0_gOhEKAcniN5Ay2U9wlOl6eb4k5SGSUXyEuLFciF4ooI3XtuOFHY8_ByjT54F3rN9YhNjcgYYUtQke2LxbwTAF2DBcEuZlICGtMNcl2kF2W3ioE1goUJIUBJlbPpSGguE5QaZ8nQ/w400-h308/rothesay+castle+wreck+via+rmg+website.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />Wreck of the Rothesay Castle. Image
courtesy of National Maritime Museum Greenwich. </span><a href="https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/110796.html"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/110796.html</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
<br />
</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">One can only imagine the mental anguish
John Raphael suffered when he received word his son had perished at sea, just
as his father Edward had done 40 years previously. No amount of financial good
fortune could make John and Mary’s lives any less tormented; John suffered
enormous emotional bouts of wretched anxiety for the remainder of his days. He
and his wife Mary were destined to grieve for two more of their children. Son,
John died in 1833 aged 17 years and daughter, Mary died in 1834 aged 20 years<br />
<br />
To compound the family’s bad luck, in February 1832 John Raphael was aboard a
horse drawn mail coach that had started its journey in Poole, Dorset, continued
on to Southampton, Hampshire and was en route to London. It was 2am in the
middle of winter and having changed horses and coachmen at Bentley Green, about
3 miles past Chawton (known for being the home of Jane Austen), the coachman
was travelling at a furious pace. A carriage wheel hit a gate post and the
wheel shattered into splinters. The pole connecting the horses snapped, the
harness broke and the horses ran free. This probably saved the lives of the
travellers, but the injuries were still quite severe. A passenger had his arm
brutally shattered, and John sustained injuries that required surgery.<a href="#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[39]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><p></p>
<h2><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Edward Raphael –
1814-1888</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span class="Heading3Char"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Second
son of John Raphael</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Edward remained a bachelor all his life.
It can be speculated that since his elder brother Alexander Edward was educated
in Paris, it is highly likely that Edward, John and Lewis were as well. Edward
became a barrister, passing the Bar exam on 1<sup>st</sup> May 1841<a href="#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[40]</span></span></span></span></a>
and worked out of Clifford’s Inn Chambers, London. By 1855, he was resident in
Verulam Lodge, Verulam Road, St. Albans close to where the catholic church was
built by his uncle Alexander. However, his main residence was the inherited
Ditton Lodge at Thames Ditton, but he also inherited Parrock Manor, Milton,
Gravesend from his uncle Alexander. Edward shared this property with his
brother Lewis. Edward was also the owner of the Parish of Denton in Kent, it
was an area of 434 acres of farming land with 91 acres of water<a href="#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[41]</span></span></span></span></a>
and with a population of only 218<a href="#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[42]</span></span></span></span></a>. When
Edward died in 1888 properties were split between his surviving siblings, Anne
and Lewis. Anne inherited everything he owned in Surrey (which included Ditton
Lodge and the Church), she also inherited Stockwell Hall in Essex, whilst Lewis
inherited everything he owned in Kent.<br />
<br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvZcS7sTG3pYNlt2PHXdPtAQ_Q2mKafDTdwluKKVzwvwhu1D89yIOUAFzbU_Gry-6oR53slMf5N8GMQgnjFtGYSMDye5qcd9TxO5ab4d01EYRPZ5Ifl4t9oNZNCX4Rpyg-4HC_XUPi7ac/s1677/snippet+will+of+edward+raphael+1888-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="823" data-original-width="1677" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvZcS7sTG3pYNlt2PHXdPtAQ_Q2mKafDTdwluKKVzwvwhu1D89yIOUAFzbU_Gry-6oR53slMf5N8GMQgnjFtGYSMDye5qcd9TxO5ab4d01EYRPZ5Ifl4t9oNZNCX4Rpyg-4HC_XUPi7ac/w400-h196/snippet+will+of+edward+raphael+1888-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extract of Edward Raphael's will<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />Edward left numerous
small legacies to various people that included some distant cousins, but his
final estate amounted to £349,000, the equivalent figure today would be in
excess of £38.8 million, which was split between his sister Anne and his
brother Lewis. <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><p></p>
<h2><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mary Raphael –
1815-1834</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span class="Heading3Char"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">First
Daughter of John Raphael</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Little is known about Mary, other than she
died in August 1834 at her father’s house Fitzroy Square, London in her 20<sup>th</sup>
year.<a href="#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[43]</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<h2><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">John Raphael –
1816-1833</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span class="Heading3Char"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Third
Son of John Raphael</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Also died young,
apparently of a burst blood vessel whilst at college on 22<sup>nd</sup>
November 1833.<br />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<h2><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lewis Raphael aka Louis
Barnes – 1821 -1907</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span class="Heading3Char"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fourth
Son of John Raphael</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizWUWxW-yRzDyRDAyWGRQ3Zr6udtoda2NbXmoazTBuAWjwVaXBWn7MQDVIp3qxvsD-8rQHczux3KcCcIsgPY5S1kAUlrzkEzdn9f347BN9MjK4nmIVcPcVQk3N4k6Siusq2VLbJz6if-E/s3262/1821+august+20+baptism+of+ludoviceum+raphaeil+son+of+joannis%252Bmaria+nee+calvert-02aa.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="875" data-original-width="3262" height="108" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizWUWxW-yRzDyRDAyWGRQ3Zr6udtoda2NbXmoazTBuAWjwVaXBWn7MQDVIp3qxvsD-8rQHczux3KcCcIsgPY5S1kAUlrzkEzdn9f347BN9MjK4nmIVcPcVQk3N4k6Siusq2VLbJz6if-E/w400-h108/1821+august+20+baptism+of+ludoviceum+raphaeil+son+of+joannis%252Bmaria+nee+calvert-02aa.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />Roman Catholic baptism in London of Lewis Raphael, son of John Raphael and his
wife Mary nee Calvert<br />
<br />
</span><span class="Heading2Char"><span style="font-size: 13pt; line-height: 107%;">Parrock
Farm</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
<br />
Lewis’s uncle, Alexander Raphael had purchased Parrock Farm around 1827 when it
came up for auction following the death of the owner Col. Thomas Dalton. Dalton
had spent a great deal of time and money in making it a very modern and profitable
farm, something that Alexander benefitted from. Following Alexander’s death in
1850, it passed to his nephews Edward and Lewis, and in 1862 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it was recorded that Lewis owned a
seven-twelfths share of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Parrock Farm<a href="#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn44;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[44]</span></span></span></span></a>,
his brother Edward owned the remaining five-twelfths share. Lewis appears to be
the more active of the brothers, but he engaged his second cousin, Lieut.
Colonel Robert Arathoon (who had also been born in Madras), to manage it on his
behalf. Lt. Col. Robert’s two youngest daughters, Dorothy and Roberta were both
born at Parrock Manor House in 1888 and 1890 respectively. In January 1905,
Robert’s eldest daughter Mary Cecily Arathoon married Mr. Lewis Edward Brown
Greaves<a href="#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn45;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[45]</span></span></span></span></a>.
Just a few months later, when Lewis Raphael was finalizing his will, he
appointed Brown Greaves as an executor.<br />
<br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvJ7rNgboHHsEFTX6ScmsSWRss_stUZ5rv8K8RANSRuXBbDMiC4yk8Lrahfr1WI4oeTh-Np_Von8WyYIV6E2LB1K6vbfmVxABFh3IL61EVF-cMG1X7bPB169cz7BSIhioHhon4iNKPnOQ/s1031/ifield+court+house+kent+owned+by+alexander+raphael.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="621" data-original-width="1031" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvJ7rNgboHHsEFTX6ScmsSWRss_stUZ5rv8K8RANSRuXBbDMiC4yk8Lrahfr1WI4oeTh-Np_Von8WyYIV6E2LB1K6vbfmVxABFh3IL61EVF-cMG1X7bPB169cz7BSIhioHhon4iNKPnOQ/w400-h241/ifield+court+house+kent+owned+by+alexander+raphael.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />Image: Ifield Court, via Strutt & Parker property particulars. In 1891
Lewis owned the mansion house Ifield Court,<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <a href="#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn46;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[46]</span></span></span></a></span>
Gravesend, another inherited property from his uncle, Alexander Raphael who was
noted to own it in 1850. The 600 plus acre estate was sold in 1908 following
Lewis’s death<a href="#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn47;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[47]</span></span></span></span></a>.<br />
<br />
In 1893 Lewis also owned a property in Whitehall Road, Kent which was in the
occupation of a tenant Mr. G.H. Edmonds<a href="#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn48;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[48]</span></span></span></span></a>.<br />
<br />
Lewis appears to have led a double life. When he was 38 years old he had an
illegitimate daughter in London with a 20 year old woman called Julia Mary
Barnes. She gave birth in June 1859. In October 1868 Julia was baptized in the
parish of St. Peter, West Hackney a week before her own daughter, who was now 9
years of age. The young girl, named Julia Louisa Barnes,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was baptized at the Holy Trinity Church, St.
Marylebone on 4<sup>th</sup> November 1868. Both Lewis and the child’s mother
were entered on the baptism record, but it omitted his surname. Evidence of
their address was also given, as Mewsbrook, Littlehampton, Sussex. This is the
earliest known record of Lewis at Mewsbrook. Local history groups are of the opinion
that Mewsbrook was built in 1870, but the baptism suggests there was already
some kind of property built prior to then. In the 1871 census, their London
address was Monmouth Road, an elegant 3 storey town house, where Lewis Raphael
used his alternative name of Louis Barnes. Julia Mary Barnes was listed as his
wife, although she wasn’t, whilst Julia Louisa was 11 years old. Also living
with them was Julia Mary’s widowed mother, Caroline. Lewis married Julia Mary
Barnes in Birmingham on 20<sup>th</sup> July 1881.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He appears to have gone out of his way during
the course of his life to throw out many false trails and red herrings to
ensure he wasn’t traced.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As an example,
he chose to marry Julia in Birmingham. This begs the question, why, when he was
living and working between London, Kent and Sussex? On the marriage record he appears
to have deliberately given his father’s name incorrectly, probably thinking “no
one will know or find out.” He was incredibly particular about how he put his
name to official street directories and electoral records. There are distinct
entries for his professional lifestyle in London where he is listed as Lewis
Raphael. However, there are also separate entries for him as Louis Barnes where
he can be seen at the same address as Julia Mary and their daughter Julia
Louisa. Incidentally, Julia Mary continued to use her maiden name throughout
her life even after she married him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
he was in Sussex his name was Louis Barnes and in the Kent directories he was
Lewis Raphael the farmer of Parrock Farm. <br />
<br />
I became aware of the Barnes name when I reviewed a copy of Lewis’s will. </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7wOy43dO-q8gdH7jIHVNHI7JsZmsvath9iERy-jVpVdNtU8TZs2HICDiHNyRg2fN90I4wl7rpCVhy64iD_w60NLNB9_DPYgBFA6heOS_VkLtejnajy4MvHTYx_QnD4_R1_F3EbqdfqIA/s1215/snippet+will+front+of+Lewis+Raphael+of+Parrock+Manor+1907-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="648" data-original-width="1215" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7wOy43dO-q8gdH7jIHVNHI7JsZmsvath9iERy-jVpVdNtU8TZs2HICDiHNyRg2fN90I4wl7rpCVhy64iD_w60NLNB9_DPYgBFA6heOS_VkLtejnajy4MvHTYx_QnD4_R1_F3EbqdfqIA/w400-h214/snippet+will+front+of+Lewis+Raphael+of+Parrock+Manor+1907-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extract of Lewis Raphael's will<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />After his
death on the 23<sup>rd</sup> January 1907 at Copthorne, Sussex, the home of his
cousin Mary Cecily and her husband Edward Lewis Brown Greaves, he left his
entire estate in trust to Julia Louisa Barnes. He carefully ensured he did not
write what relationship she was to him. He was surreptitious to the last. He
didn’t legitimize his daughter at her baptism with his name, and he couldn’t
find it in his heart to recognize her officially at his death, but the
emotional pull was such that he wanted to ensure she was comfortable for the
remainder of her days. One can guess at many scenarios, but the most obvious
one is to have had an illegitimate child would have brought shame and
embarrassment on his family and also his sister Agnes, Countess of Mexborough.
He separated out his London life and his Sussex life and there was very little
he did to allow any cross over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I would
say the Mexborough’s knew of Julia Louisa, because he also stated in his will
that after her death the remainder of his estate was to go to his nephews and
nieces; the Honorable John Savile, the Honorable George Savile, Lady Mary
Louisa Savile, and the Princess Anne Lowenstein-Wertheim, all children of
Lewis’s sister Agnes, Countess of Mexborough.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I have drawn the conclusion that Lewis <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was not prepared to bow to any bloodline
dynasty he was part of or associated with, he also wasn’t prepared to try and
get either Julia his wife or daughter truly accepted and integrated into the
Raphael/Mexborough families. His estate amounted to around £71,000. When his
daughter Julia died in 1946 her estate amounted to around £3,000.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I really hope she was able to benefit well
from the trust he set up, and I also hope she had a good time spending it. The
residue of Julia’s estate was left to Percy Prockter to be distributed to
charities, <i>“according to my wishes communicated to him in my lifetime.”</i><br />
<br />
Incidentally, the marriage of Mary Cecily and Edward Lewis Brown-Greaves ended
in divorce in 1910. He died in Sackville Hospital, Sussex in 1949 leaving an
estate of just £520. Mary Cecily died in 1957 in Folkstone, Kent possessed of
an estate around £900.<a href="#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn49;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[49]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
As far as Mewsbrook in Sussex was concerned, in true Raphael style, Lewis had
acquired a substantial area of land and built a strong and imposingly sturdy
house with a tower. <br />
<br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn-rLt-pgACXloRKKOAns9Vj7Jt-6SxKpw3v2Z-QD0EmR8IR0KaP-Rd57jD3hqVaQ6EJ2KEnnCEE_3fkqdfWePCFmTqmbCSLyoxO57DurV3FtQrmzZfa4wLd-1Yfan7wv0wp9A5LmPEfU/s1001/1867+july+13+advert+for+a+freehold+property+of+36+acres+at+rustington-aa.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="1001" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn-rLt-pgACXloRKKOAns9Vj7Jt-6SxKpw3v2Z-QD0EmR8IR0KaP-Rd57jD3hqVaQ6EJ2KEnnCEE_3fkqdfWePCFmTqmbCSLyoxO57DurV3FtQrmzZfa4wLd-1Yfan7wv0wp9A5LmPEfU/w400-h120/1867+july+13+advert+for+a+freehold+property+of+36+acres+at+rustington-aa.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />Advert in the Sussex Agricultural Express July 1867<br />
<br />
Julia Barnes and her daughter were comfortably set up in Rustington Sussex by
Lewis. In Mewsbrook with his separate identity, one that was entirely detached
from that of his identity in London, Julia was known locally as Mrs. Barnes,
Lewis was known as Louis Barnes. Julia was an active supporter of the inmates
of the local workhouse. There was the “annual treat” at the family home of
Mewsbrook, Julia being a well-liked and respected member of the local community.
Those attending were transported to the house by carriages from the workhouse,
sometimes up to 120 people were entertained. Greeting them at the entrance to
Mewsbrook was a brass band and it would have been quite the spectacle as it led
the carriages down the long drive. The afternoon treat consisted of a Punch and
Judy show, games, races and music. Mrs. Barnes would often present everyone
with gifts; pipe and tobacco for the men, tea and sugar for the ladies and toys
for the children. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Food was served around
5pm, and Julia made sure everyone had plenty to eat. They managed to squeeze in
a few more games before departing back to the workhouse in the early evening,
but not before Julia had ensured everyone had more food to take away with them.<br />
<br />
In London he was Lewis the lawyer, in Gravesend he was a landed
proprietor/farmer of Parrock Manor and in Sussex he was simply Mr. Barnes with
a wife and daughter, no one seemed to know of his background or other lands and
properties he had, nor his tridimensional life. <br />
<br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDCQaQAhl4tm-Ns-Oc3MxcnbBKpgIflXoDi3w1-tdYKEqtI4PYhOyBPrBXXC6Eb7iSfpVazxi5BvcB1AGVAh1as0MmAkaL1IlCzZoW6_EEuTPA9XzHinN4VGLW9iXAiSp6wsNiMKAWzFk/s1920/mewsbrookhouse-bda1696a-1920w-Colorized.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1089" data-original-width="1920" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDCQaQAhl4tm-Ns-Oc3MxcnbBKpgIflXoDi3w1-tdYKEqtI4PYhOyBPrBXXC6Eb7iSfpVazxi5BvcB1AGVAh1as0MmAkaL1IlCzZoW6_EEuTPA9XzHinN4VGLW9iXAiSp6wsNiMKAWzFk/w400-h228/mewsbrookhouse-bda1696a-1920w-Colorized.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />Mewsbrook built circ. 1870 by Robert Bushby for <b>Louis Barnes aka Lewis
Raphael</b>. Image courtesy of Friends of Mewsbrook Park.<br />
<br />
Julia Mary Barnes died in 1901 at 11 Montagu Street, London, the London home
she shared with her husband Lewis Raphael and their daughter Julia Louisa.
Lewis chose not to let his wife and daughter use his Raphael surname during
their lifetimes. From a 21<sup>st</sup> Century viewpoint, I can’t help but
wonder how this must have made them feel about themselves. It was Julia Mary’s
niece who recorded the death at the Registry Office, and she made the point of
stating that Julia was <i>“wife of Lewis Raphael of independent means.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At her death, she finally got to be
recognized as a Raphael. </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh17EP8tMhcnHBOO2thzQeY83pq6HwtJXJdipwfzyPs2AEJW1GfBjh6cfNgKIQwyzuo1vJ_FXoHIFz6-ZALzXM6CnvSMnZYZLmBS-ebu4n5-MbE53E4oPInyf6Wqw_VNFRJKPtA-Fzaluk/s2933/1901+february+28+death+certificate+of+julia+mary+raphael+11+montagu+street-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="855" data-original-width="2933" height="116" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh17EP8tMhcnHBOO2thzQeY83pq6HwtJXJdipwfzyPs2AEJW1GfBjh6cfNgKIQwyzuo1vJ_FXoHIFz6-ZALzXM6CnvSMnZYZLmBS-ebu4n5-MbE53E4oPInyf6Wqw_VNFRJKPtA-Fzaluk/w400-h116/1901+february+28+death+certificate+of+julia+mary+raphael+11+montagu+street-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />This is the
first time the two names of Barnes and Raphael can be officially associated. No
one has previously made this connection with evidence and proof.<br />
<br />
Julia Louisa grew up between the family townhouse in Montagu Street and
Mewsbrook their country mansion. It must have been very difficult for her to leave.
Her childhood was formed there, but in 1920 Julia Louisa put the estate of
Mewsbrook up for sale. It coincided with the expiration of the foreshore rents
her father Lewis had negotiated in 1900 for a period of 21 years. <a href="#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn50;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[50]</span></span></span></span></a>
The size of the forefront wasn’t as large as some, 88 yards,<a href="#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn51;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[51]</span></span></span></span></a>
but it still gave that all important access direct from his land to the sea. Given
that Julia was in her 60s, coupled with the fact the rents would have been
increased substantially by the council, it was a natural decision, albeit a sad
one to make.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRSanPqjoG5wQfRupm0Sw_D49-1LIbIL0Eu-6HIfw-WG9aTUFhBW7hAh3imUJ9SdJm7_nFmdjxZ_Xv42BNSEN44exTa-zi7JMbLRHYs5XRvH1X4jDoLZ7lYwApcqSrfl1fGODweMIZrfg/s594/1920+february+28+Mewsbrook+to+be+sold+by+Miss+Barnes+The+Times+%2528london%252C+England%2529-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="442" data-original-width="594" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRSanPqjoG5wQfRupm0Sw_D49-1LIbIL0Eu-6HIfw-WG9aTUFhBW7hAh3imUJ9SdJm7_nFmdjxZ_Xv42BNSEN44exTa-zi7JMbLRHYs5XRvH1X4jDoLZ7lYwApcqSrfl1fGODweMIZrfg/w400-h297/1920+february+28+Mewsbrook+to+be+sold+by+Miss+Barnes+The+Times+%2528london%252C+England%2529-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Preliminary
announcement. Instructed by Miss Barnes.<br />
<br />
MEWSBROOK<br />
Littlehampton, Sussex<br />
To be sold by auction by<br />
J.S. Castiglione.</span></p><br />
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Situated
midway between Littlehampton and Rustington. Delightfully situated detailed
freehold Marine Residence standing in its own grounds of about 18 acres. The
house is uniquely built, commands extensive landscape and marine views and
contains: lounge hall, gallery, two reception rooms, library, nine bedrooms.
Also several pieces of land, cottages and farm buildings, situate at Rustington
extending in all to about 22 acres. Particulars are in course of preparation
and may be had from J.S. Castiglione, Auctioneer, 24 Haymarket.<br />
<br />
It was advertised in the local papers many times between the initial listing in
June 1920 and when it was sold in May 1921.<br />
<br />
Julia Louisa Barnes passed away on 1<sup>st</sup> July 1946 at 4 Hamilton
Mansions, Fourth Avenue, Hove. Just as her mother’s death certificate had
recognized<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>her as a Raphael, so too did
Julia Louisa’s. Her death certificate finally gave her the acknowledgement
Lewis denied her during their lives; it recorded her surname as Raphael. <br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<br />
</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1JwagX_rMRQDScXgwgPemVZ3Yn0L8AxJSnniAXy7gCRD2k_nXh4NXA1VmDlCu4G5TuVavrf1euGCY-ClFTpf5YWrSGS_JTNOT-gHHAOdDYrN-NDTn4hyg3S_x8fh2NZ0rqOrRm65HmQo/s3812/1946+july+1+death+certificate+of+julia+louisa+barnes+aka+raphael-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="741" data-original-width="3812" height="78" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1JwagX_rMRQDScXgwgPemVZ3Yn0L8AxJSnniAXy7gCRD2k_nXh4NXA1VmDlCu4G5TuVavrf1euGCY-ClFTpf5YWrSGS_JTNOT-gHHAOdDYrN-NDTn4hyg3S_x8fh2NZ0rqOrRm65HmQo/w400-h78/1946+july+1+death+certificate+of+julia+louisa+barnes+aka+raphael-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Julia Louisa Barnes/Raphael death certificate<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />With no relatives left, her burial was arranged by her long term friend Percy
Prockter in Hove; even though she was a Raphael by birth, there was no family
vault interment with her Raphael and Mexborough cousins at St. Raphael’s Church,
for her. She was buried in a simple grave in Hove Cemetery South on 6<sup>th</sup>
July 1946<a href="#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn52;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[52]</span></span></span></span></a>,
section JD No. 243.<br />
<br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibQahS2tmQltHlKjWWODvDqmtTthipSceNj4hX-NaLy5a6RpVBC1Rmr9GC8Uf12ccOvBLD4OaST0TwbxEQ1eTnk34m4lP3LRAs6xbcQEulk9tf__et1Nf4lcIWW2XNmX8rV-OdcKE8BHE/s2048/grave+of+julia+louisa+barnes+-+hove+cemetery+south+via+billiongraves.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibQahS2tmQltHlKjWWODvDqmtTthipSceNj4hX-NaLy5a6RpVBC1Rmr9GC8Uf12ccOvBLD4OaST0TwbxEQ1eTnk34m4lP3LRAs6xbcQEulk9tf__et1Nf4lcIWW2XNmX8rV-OdcKE8BHE/w300-h400/grave+of+julia+louisa+barnes+-+hove+cemetery+south+via+billiongraves.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br />Image courtesy of BillionGraves.com<br />
<br />
One final thought I had, was that Lewis Raphael, with his ever agile mind for
the subtleties of subterfuge, deliberately chose the second name of Louisa, not
only because it echoed the second name of his sister, Agnes, Countess of
Mexborough, but also because Julia would always then be named after her father,
even if he couldn’t bring himself to formally recognize her. Julia <i>Louis[a] </i>Barnes.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><p></p>
<h2><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Anne Raphael – 1818 -
1889</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span class="Heading3Char"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Second
daughter of John Raphael</span></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqudFCxzp1Wf6GDKyVkXcXciQ0yWpN1-u-dGQl4JqelIglWtLap3BlB-I7sxca86BDm7acdfVHTJtxRPVTpbI-Hq4La_zf5AODX9zNFVGjuQeD6UGi3bhEMYvHyVWGWjtqiWjY6bIhivE/s2047/1818+december+3+baptism+of+anna+raphael+catholic-01aa.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="737" data-original-width="2047" height="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqudFCxzp1Wf6GDKyVkXcXciQ0yWpN1-u-dGQl4JqelIglWtLap3BlB-I7sxca86BDm7acdfVHTJtxRPVTpbI-Hq4La_zf5AODX9zNFVGjuQeD6UGi3bhEMYvHyVWGWjtqiWjY6bIhivE/w400-h144/1818+december+3+baptism+of+anna+raphael+catholic-01aa.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />Roman Catholic baptism of a Raphael 3<sup>rd</sup> December 1818, daughter of
John Raphael and his wife Mary nee Calvert.<br />
<br />
Anne remained a spinster all her life. Her estate legacy was the largest left
by a woman in England in the year 1889. When finalised it amounted to £261,638.
The equivalent today would be around £29 million. She also owned a
property in the Lombardy region of Italy. She and her sister Agnes were regular
travellers to Italy and the house would have made a great bolt-hole to escape
the harshness of the English weather. Being unmarried, with no issue, her
estate was left to her sister, Agnes, Countess of Mexborough and absorbed into
the Mexborough family finances. However, Anne did set up a £45,000 trust fund
for her nieces, Lady Mary and Lady Anne Savile, daughters of her sister Agnes.
She also directed that investments be made in Government stocks, bonds and
securities as well as shares in the Bank of England and debenture stocks of any
railway company in India to be secured on a term of 300 years<a href="#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn53;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[53]</span></span></span></span></a>.
Anne also made a point of stating in her Will that she was not leaving anything
to her brother Lewis Raphael because “he was amply provided for.”<br />
<br />
Anne, who had died on the 27<sup>th</sup> October 1889 was buried in a private
ceremony on the 4<sup>th</sup> November in the Raphael vault of St. Raphael’s,
the family church, in Kingston Surrey.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<p></p>
<h2><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Agnes Louisa Elizabeth Raphael
– 1827 - 1898</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span class="Heading3Char"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Third
Daughter of John Raphael</span></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br />
Agnes married John Charles George Savile, Earl of Mexborough at St. Mary’s
Church, St. Marylebone on the 27<sup>th</sup> July 1861. Three of her witnesses
were her siblings, Edward, Anne and Lewis Raphael.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6Tz7e5mXq2zhqg2SmXtyAZUiOfCGVqRgso8T_StCvbjZUPqXj42e6IEvoDWK_-ReprRXmMpnVfav1JYffMut15uy0SjO6Mp82zcPDK4o_7zg9uZLySKxUvosLutP5jIEABWn4XjZCez8/s1863/1861+july+27+marriage+record+of+john+charles+savile+%252B+agnes+L+raphael-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="568" data-original-width="1863" height="122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6Tz7e5mXq2zhqg2SmXtyAZUiOfCGVqRgso8T_StCvbjZUPqXj42e6IEvoDWK_-ReprRXmMpnVfav1JYffMut15uy0SjO6Mp82zcPDK4o_7zg9uZLySKxUvosLutP5jIEABWn4XjZCez8/w400-h122/1861+july+27+marriage+record+of+john+charles+savile+%252B+agnes+L+raphael-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Marriage certificate of Agnes Raphael and John C.G. Savile<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />The Earl had previously been married, and had issue, John Horatio Savile,
Viscount Pollington who would go on to inherit the title and become the 5<sup>th</sup>
Earl of Mexborough. However, although John Horatio was married three times;
firstly to Venetia Errington with whom he had a daughter who survived only a
day; secondly to widow Sylvia Cecilia Maria de Ser-Antoni and thirdly to
divorcee Anne Belcher, there were no children to survive him. The title then
passed back to John Horatio’s half brother, the eldest son of the 4<sup>th</sup>
Earl of Mexborough and Agnes nee Raphael.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Earl and Agnes had four children: Lady Mary Louise Savile, Lady Anne
Savile, the Honorable John Henry Savile and the Honorable George Savile. <br />
<br />
It may be no coincidence that Agnes’s uncle, Alexander Raphael fought, but lost
the contest for the parliamentary seat of Pontefract in 1835, whereas the Earl
as John Charles George Savile (also known as Lord Pollington), won the very
same seat in 1836. Did he meet the endearing 9 year old Agnes at this very
early age, not realising he would end up marrying her as his second wife?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One can only wonder and speculate. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And let’s not forget the extensive travels the
Earl undertook during his lifetime. Certainly, by the time he married Agnes, he
was not unfamiliar with Armenia nor its people, and travels to India were
already tucked in his back pocket. He was, of course, possessed of enormous
wealth, gained from the coal beds under his land in Yorkshire. The royalties
from which brought riches that many could never rival, and the family enjoyed
the trappings such income purchased.<br />
<br />
His obituary reads like a travelogue: <i>“……his fondness for travel displayed
itself soon after he left college, and from that time until advancing age began
to interfere with his wanderings abroad, Lord Mexborough spent the greater part
of his time in foreign countries. His travels were not confined to Europe. He
journeyed through Persia at a time when that country was little known by
Englishmen. He spent some months in India and China, and the Steppes of
Turkestan and Tibet were not unknown to him. He became a familiar figure in
Constantinople through his frequent visits to the Turkish capital, and there were
few places of interest in Armenia, Palestine, Greece or Egypt with which he was
not acquainted. Unfortunately for the reading public he could never be induced
to publish any account of his wanderings abroad. While yet a young man during
his travels he studied the characteristics of the Mongols in their native wilds
of Tariary. On his journey to Turkey, Asia Minor and Egypt he was accompanied
by Kinglake, afterwards the historian of the Crimean War. A graphic account of
their travels is given in Kinglake’s book “Eothen”. “They entered the Turkish
states by way of Servia and undertook a ride of a thousand miles to
Constantinople, Methley, as Kinglake called him in the book, was accompanied by
a faithful Yorkshire servant named Steel. Describing the setting out of the
party from the gates of Belgrade and the generally picturesque appearance of
the cavalcade, Kinglake said: The one of our party most out of keeping with the
rest of the scene was Methley’s Yorkshire servant, who always rode doggedly on
in his pantry jacket, looking out for “gentlemen’s seats.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The party had to rough it during a greater
part of the journey.<br />
<br />
Long before midnight we reached the hamlet in which we were to rest for the
night; it was made up of about a dozen clay huts standing upon a small tract of
ground which had been conquered from the forest. We took up our quarters in a
square room with white walls and as earthen floor, quite bare of furniture and
utterly void of women. They told us, however, that the Servian villages lived
in happy abundance but that they were careful to conceal their riches, as well
as their wives. The burdens unstrapped from the pack saddles very quickly
furnished our den: a couple of quilts spread upon the floor, with a carpet bag
at the end of each became capital sofas – portmanteaus, and hat boxes, and
writing cases, and books, and maps, and gleaming arms soon lay strewn around in
a pleasant confusion. Mysseri – he was a Greek servant – canteen, too, began to
yield up its treasures, but we relied upon finding some provisions in the
village. At first the natives declared that their hens were mere old maids and
all their cows unmarried: but our Tartar swore such a grand sonorous, oath and
fingered the hilt of his yataghan with such persuasive touch that the land soon
flowed with milk, and mountains of eggs arose.<br />
<br />
This “roughing it” did not seem at first to agree with Lord Mexborough for we
read further on:<br />
<br />
Before we reached Adrianople, Methley had been seized with we knew not what
ailment, and when we had taken up our quarters in the city he was cast to the
very earth by sickness. Adrianople enjoyed an English Consul, and I felt sure
that, in Eastern phrase, his house would cease to be his house, and would
become the house of my sick comrade. I should have judged rightly under
ordinary circumstances, but the levelling plague was abroad, and the dread of
it had dominion over the consular mind. So now, whether dying or not, one could
hardly tell, upon a quilt stretched out along the floor, there lay the best
hope of an ancient fine, without the material aids to comfort of even the
humblest sort, and, sad to say, without the consolation of a friend, or even a
comrade worth having.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We called to said
a solemn Armenian I think he was half soothsayer, half-hakim, or doctor, who,
all the while counting his beads, fixed his eyes steadily upon the patient, and
then suddenly dealt him a violent blow on the chest. Methley bravely dissembled
his pain, for he fancied that the blow was meant to try whether or not the
plague were on him.<br />
<br />
Here was really a sad embarrassment – no bed – nothing to offer the invalid in
the shape of food, save a piece of thin, tough, flexible, drab coloured cloth,
made of flour and mill stones in equal proportions, and called by the name of
“bread”, then the patient had no “confidence in his medical man” and, on the
whole, the best chance of saving him seemed to like in taking him out of the
reach of his doctor, and bearing him away to the neighbourhood of some more
genial consul. But how was this to be done? Methley was much too ill to be kept
in his saddle, and wheel carriages, as a means as travelling, were unknown.
There was, however, such a thing as an “araba”, a vehicle drawn by oxen, in
which the wives of a rich man were sometimes dragged four or five miles over
the grass by way of recreation. The carriage was rudely framed; no one had ever
heard of horses being used for drawing a carriage in this part of the world,
but necessity is the mother of innovation as well as invention. After no end of
controversy Myeseri, well seconded by the Tartar, contrived to have the horses
put to.<br />
<br />
It was, writes Kinglake, a sore thing for me to see my poor comrade brought to
this, for young though he was, he was a veteran in travel. When scarcely yet of
age he had invaded India, from the frontiers of Russia, and that so swiftly
that, measuring by the time of his flight, the broad dominions of the King of
Kings were shrivelled up to a dukedom; and now, poor fellow, he was to be poked
into an araba like a Georgian girl! He suffered greatly, for there were no
springs for the carriages, and no road for the wheels, and so the concern jolted
on over the open country with such twists and jerks, and jumps as might also
dislocate the supple tongue of Satan. All day the patient kept himself shut up
within the lattice-work of the araba, and I could hardly know how he was faring
until the end of the day’s journey, when I found he was not worse, and was
buoyed up with the hope of some day reaching Constantinople.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We started very early indeed on the last day
of our journey, and from the moment of being off until we gained the shelter of
the imperial walls we were struggling face to face with an icy storm that swept
right down from the steppes of Tartary, keen, fierce, and steady as a northern
conqueror. Methley’s servant, who was the greatest sufferer, kept his saddle
until we reached Stamboul, but was then found to be quite benumbed in limbs,
and his brain was so much affected that when he was lifted from his horse he
fell away in a state of unconsciousness – the first stage of a dangerous fever.<br />
<br />
The journey from Belgrade to the Golden Horn occupied 15 days, at the end of
which time the whole party seems to have become thoroughly exhausted. Methley,
however, recovered almost suddenly on reaching Constantinople, and he and
Kinglake decided to go through the Troad together.<br />
<br />
Kinglake gives us a glimpse of the future Earl’s classic learning.<br />
<br />
My comrade was a capital Grecian. It is true that his singular mind so ordered
and disposed his classic lore as to impress it with something of an original
and barbarous character – with an almost Gothic quaintness, more properly
belonging in a rich native ballad, than to the poetry of Hellas; there was a
certain impropriety of his knowing so much Greek – an unfitness in the idea of
marble fauns, and satyrs, and even Olympian Gods, lugged in under the oaken
roof, and the painted light of an odd, old Norman Hall. But Methley abounding
in Homer, really loved him (as I believe), in all truth, without whim, or
fancy; moreover, he had a good deal of the practical sagacity, or sharpness, or
whatever you call it. <br />
<br />
“Of a Yorkshireman hippodamoio,” and this enabled him to apply his knowledge
with much more tact than is usually shewn by people so learned as he….</i><a href="#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn54;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[54]</span></span></span></span></a><i><br />
<br />
</i>The Earl’s Funeral<i><br />
<br />
“The remains of the late Earl of Mexborough were buried on Wednesday, in
accordance with his own desire. They were deposited beside those of the late
Countess of Mexborough, the Earl’s second wife, in the Raphael family vault in
the crypt of St. Raphael’s Roman Catholic Church. The funeral was marked by the
greatest privacy, and divested entirely of all outward splendour which usually
marks obsequies of personages of rank and wealth, but the lack of display was
more than compensated by the impressive dignity of its simplicity. The secret
of the funeral had been well kept, only the priests who were to officiate and a
few other discreet persons being aware that it was going to take place; and the
townspeople had evidently no idea that a peer of the realm and a great
traveller and ripe scholar was to be laid to rest in their midst.<br />
<br />
The remains, encased in an English oak panelled coffin, were brought from
Brighton, where Lord Mexborough died on Friday, and were removed to his town
residence, Dover Street, Piccadilly, whence they were conveyed on Tuesday to
Surbiton, and placed on a catafalque, draped in black, in front of the high
altar of St. Raphael’s Church, remaining there during the night. The large
brass coffin plate bore the simple inscription:<br />
<br />
“John Charles Geo. Savile, fourth Earl of Mexborough, died 17<sup>th</sup>
August, 1899, aged 89 years. Requiescat in pace.”<br />
<br />
At the head of the plate was a gilt earl’s coronet, and the expressive monogram
of the Saviles, “Be Fast;” and at the head of the coffin was a massive gilt
crucifix, relieved with scenes from the Passion of the Saviour.<br />
<br />
The funeral party assembled at Waterloo Station yesterday, the members of the
household in Dover Street being conveyed by three mourning coaches, and left by
the ordinary 11.15 train, several carriages being specially reserved for them.
Surbiton was reached about twenty minutes later, and eight mourning coaches
were in waiting to convey the mourners to the church, about a mile away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The cortege was met at the west door of the
pretty Bysantine church by the parish priest, the Rev. Father de Pleray, the
Rev. Father Leslie S.J., of the Church of Immaculate Conception, Farm Street,
Berkeley Square, and the Rev. P. Perini S.J. (South India), and the mourners
were marshalled to their seats in the nave. These included Viscount Pollington,
the heir to the title and estates; the Princess Loewenstein-Wertheim, youngest
daughter of the late Earl and relict of the late Prince, who was killed in the
Phillipines fighting; Lady Mary Harris, eldest daughter, and wife of Mr. Walter
B. Harris, who was also present; the Hon. John Savile and the Hon, George
Savile (sons), Captain Savile (nephew), Captain William Savile (son of the last
named), Commander Henry Savile (nephew of the deceased), Lord Orford (cousin),
Mr. F.W. Harris, Mr. W. Harris, Mr. Arthur Farrer (solicitor to the family),
Mr. J. Richardson (steward of the Yorkshire estate), Mr. W. Chatham and Mr.
John Chatham (old tenants on the Methley estates), the members of the
household, and others.<br />
<br />
The scene inside the church was a deeply impressive one, and the service
profoundly touching. Six large candles were burning on the magnificent high
altar, which is of polished white marble, and two were placed on either side of
the coffin, the lid of which, as well as the base and front of the alter rails,
were covered with magnificent floral wreaths sent by members of the family, the
tenantry in Yorkshire, and the servants from the several family mansions. The
wreath from Lady Mary Harris bore the inscription: “To my loving father.” A
large and beautiful cross from the tenants of the Methley estate was sent, with
the inscription: “To his dear lordship, whose loss we all regret.” Floral
tributes from the tenants of the other estates, and the members of the households
in Yorkshire and in London, bore similar expressions of affection.<br />
<br />
The burial service was taken by the Rev. Father du Pleray, who was robed in
full canonicals, and was attended at the altar by the Rev. Father Leslie and
the Rev. P. Perini. The celebrant said low mass, the musical portions of which
were magnificently rendered by a choir of priests, whose solemn cadences deeply
moved the mourners and the other members of the little congregation. The choir
was composed by Father Roe (Caterham), Father Butler (Palace Street,
Westminster), Father Lutfi (Norbiton), and Fathers Fanning and Augustine Hoga
(of the Pro-Cathedral, Westminster). Mr. Alphonso Cary, choirmaster, played the
organ with majestic effect, in the absence of Mr. C. Lett, the organist, and Father
Luts discharged the duties of choirmaster, the master of ceremonies being Mr.
G. Leppard. After the Kyrie, to a plain chant arranged by Cox, came
Mendelsohn’s inspiring and comforting “Beati Mortui”, followed by the “Sub
Venite” (Dr. Crookall). Father du Pleray having solemnly pronounced the
absolution, and censed the coffin, the choir sounded a triumphant note. “In
Paradisum”, (Cox), while the coffin was borne down the central aisle to the
west door, preceded by the choir and the clergy, and thence to the vault in the
crypt, where the final rites were performed with great solemnity. Subsequently
the mourners and their friends took luncheon at the room formerly used as a
Presbytery and in the schoolroom, and later returned to town.<br />
<br />
Numerous messages of condolence and inquiry, as well as numerous floral
wreaths, were received by Lady Mary Harris from friends of the deceased Earl in
all parts of the country, and some from abroad, but his wish that the funeral
should be absolutely private was respected. The Earl of Warwick, first cousin
to the Earl, who was abroad, telegraphed regret that he would be unable to
attend, and Cardinal Vaughan had an important engagement which could not be
postponed, or he would have been present, and taken part in the funeral
service, while the Roman Catholic Bishop of Southwark (in whose diocese
Surbiton is) was out of the country.”<br />
<br />
</i>Only a few months after Agnes’s death, the Earl’s estate was valued at
£349,652, an equivalent figure today would be approximately £38 million.<i><br />
<br />
<br />
</i><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><i><br />
</i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfFrxJjswbYf6Ec0a8ttoZAc2wTqJ0ysnkYONoiep5XcY2w8YIKt-Xf9C9qANLF5a4gWqDEXtmG8FAS8tPx_DBGTHoL4DG-x9rNGfns0Igf3k9o5XSaxM0su-duUH1O4z3_lbWcENf0IM/s2000/St_Raphael%2527s_Church_Surbiton_Savile_monument.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1368" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfFrxJjswbYf6Ec0a8ttoZAc2wTqJ0ysnkYONoiep5XcY2w8YIKt-Xf9C9qANLF5a4gWqDEXtmG8FAS8tPx_DBGTHoL4DG-x9rNGfns0Igf3k9o5XSaxM0su-duUH1O4z3_lbWcENf0IM/w274-h400/St_Raphael%2527s_Church_Surbiton_Savile_monument.jpg" width="274" /></a></div><br />By AndyScott - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=57523138">https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=57523138</a><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The errant uncle Lewis Raphael (Agnes’s brother) who had the
illegitimate daughter, is missing from the tribute tablet.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, Agnes, had an accomplished reputation for her ability to entertain
visitors and guests. Whether she was in residence at her homes in Dover Street
in London, Methley Park in Leeds or Thames Ditton in Surrey, they were all
social centres of Anglo-Oriental interest. Long after the journey her husband
made to the near East, his travelling companion, Kinglake, said of Agnes: <i>“since
Lady Hester Stanhope, no lady of my acquaintance had acquired so clear an
insight into Sicilian character, or know so much at first hand of the paradoxes
and perplexities of the near Eastern question. Without being a stateswoman, or
the holder of a political salon, she [Agnes] thoroughly understood the art of
social reception. Her interest in politics was always keen and unaffected. At
one time no peeress more frequently took her place in the ladies’ cage or in
the gallery belonging to the Speaker’s wife in the House of Commons. Her
husband, as Lord Pollington, had only represented Pontefract for a short time.
Long after he ceased to sit in the House of Commons his wife listened to its
debates.”<br />
<br />
</i>Even prior to her marriage to the Earl of Mexborough, Agnes took every
opportunity to learn and expand her knowledge. <i>“In 1857 she heard, or tried
to hear, a very masterly speech, by her friend Kinglake on Napoleon III’s
persidy towards Savoy and Nice. Kinglake seldom spoke in a tone above a whisper.
Upon that occasion even the whisper was unusually low. Those who sat very near
the speaker could catch just enough to convince them of the instructive value
of the speech. Amongst these was the late Sir Robert Peel, himself holding
Kinglake’s Anti-Napoleonic views and in Mr. Gladstone’s opinion endowed with
the finest voice that ever rang throughout the House. Kinglake, as Lady
Mexborough used to tell the story, had scarcely sat down when, knowing Peel
intended shortly to speak on the subject, and conscious of his own failure, he
offered Sir Robert his notes. The next day, or at least within the next week,
Lady Mexborough heard Sir Robert in his resonant tones deliver his address on foreign
policy, not only audible in every corner of the House, but that for a fortnight
to come continues to wake the echoes of Europe and formed the subject of talk
in most cabinets and chancelleries of the Continent. It was word for word the
same oration which Kinglake had delivered, now published urbi et orbi by Peel’s
magnificent voice!”</i><a href="#_ftn55" name="_ftnref55" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn55;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[55]</span></span></span></span></a><i><br />
<br />
</i>Agnes died at Methley Park on the 23<sup>rd</sup> December 1898. She had
never recovered from three very serious paralytic fits she had suffered during
the last six months of her life. Her passing was not unexpected. Her children,
John, George, Mary and Anne were all at her bedside<a href="#_ftn56" name="_ftnref56" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn56;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[56]</span></span></span></span></a>.
She was buried on the 2<sup>nd</sup> January 1899 in the family church, St.
Raphael’s at Kingston Surrey, in the Raphael family vault, alongside her uncle
Alexander and her sister Anne. Agnes, Countess of Mexborough’s estate was sworn
at £163,271, equating to approximately £17.8 million.<a href="#_ftn57" name="_ftnref57" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn57;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[57]</span></span></span></span></a><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</p>
<h2>Lady Mary Louise Savile<br />
1862-1945<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</h2>
<p class="MsoNormal">She was born 25<sup>th</sup> October 1862 in London and went
on to marry Walter Burton Harris in July 1898. <br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<br />
</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRAuF4dQAPEZEggM5SOLRhievTRfvisgVVKT7hoslgjpI9b3A6oylml4FlTyGKj42Lcm-NqkuDoE1W7MO-agSF9uc9VivK3OxUZsxgsnSMc-pO3n_MIomEoXHAaqPJ28WgqfaAoRIEID0/s3267/1898+july+11+marriage+certificate+of+walter+burton+harris%252Bmary+louisa+savile.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="962" data-original-width="3267" height="118" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRAuF4dQAPEZEggM5SOLRhievTRfvisgVVKT7hoslgjpI9b3A6oylml4FlTyGKj42Lcm-NqkuDoE1W7MO-agSF9uc9VivK3OxUZsxgsnSMc-pO3n_MIomEoXHAaqPJ28WgqfaAoRIEID0/w400-h118/1898+july+11+marriage+certificate+of+walter+burton+harris%252Bmary+louisa+savile.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Marriage certificate of Lady Mary Savile and Walter B. Harris<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />She brought a personal wealth with her to the union of around £100,000,<a href="#_ftn58" name="_ftnref58" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn58;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[58]</span></span></span></span></a>
an equivalent today of approximately £11 million.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ5OH7e7Ff84s5pKzxs-MoLruv6ZBNCCzReIMMTcTiqWZt2ho4pM-hpxHGs4fPG-JqPbiV-_Qe06s2a9Qc_fDDU3LdCsS47e0WTFyrRdhpsvIDSmQrw9BgKGTA49uQmBvc3pSl8Yof7ds/s939/1898+july+16+the+wedding+of+lady+mary+savile+to+walter+harris+PHOTOGRAPH-aa.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="688" data-original-width="939" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ5OH7e7Ff84s5pKzxs-MoLruv6ZBNCCzReIMMTcTiqWZt2ho4pM-hpxHGs4fPG-JqPbiV-_Qe06s2a9Qc_fDDU3LdCsS47e0WTFyrRdhpsvIDSmQrw9BgKGTA49uQmBvc3pSl8Yof7ds/w400-h293/1898+july+16+the+wedding+of+lady+mary+savile+to+walter+harris+PHOTOGRAPH-aa.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lady Mary Savile and husband Walter Harris<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />He was a writer and orientalist, whose life was based in Tangier in Morocco. It
was suggested that following the marriage the couple would settle down to a
life of domestic bliss “at their property on the edge of the Thames”, but
Walter’s wander-lust and free spirit was never going to let that happen. They
did live briefly together in Tangier; his house, the Kasba-el-Beida, was one of
the most charming residences in Morroco, but the marriage was a short-lived
union ending in divorce in 1905 citing <i>“the respondent’s incapacity to
consummate the marriage</i>.<a href="#_ftn59" name="_ftnref59" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn59;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[59]</span></span></span></span></a>”
He didn’t contest the divorce, probably because his sexual preference was
actually for men rather than women. A good biography of Walter can be found on
his findagrave.com page. Needless to say, there were no children.<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgsXiK9dWiR2mAFWsa3lEKjXRePFARh2KMTwrbJer0zJmGNmL-bSbZswmUfoYQc3z48kFZI-R4Xuq5BVfhn_meyRekuj3OD3HlB-WqDImzSqwKPczbV_ayL2IlR-RzqXG13o3MTL2eGOc/s2048/harris+v+harris+divorce+incapacity+to+consumate+marriage+1905-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1269" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgsXiK9dWiR2mAFWsa3lEKjXRePFARh2KMTwrbJer0zJmGNmL-bSbZswmUfoYQc3z48kFZI-R4Xuq5BVfhn_meyRekuj3OD3HlB-WqDImzSqwKPczbV_ayL2IlR-RzqXG13o3MTL2eGOc/w248-h400/harris+v+harris+divorce+incapacity+to+consumate+marriage+1905-a.jpg" width="248" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Divorce application of Lady Mary Harris (nee Savile) against Walter<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />After the divorce was finalised, Lady Mary Louisa reverted to her maiden name,
remained single, and seemed to enjoy a very busy social life, in London, Essex
and Yorkshire as well as abroad. <br />
<br />
As with all of Agnes’s children, Lady Mary enjoyed the trappings great wealth
brought. She was an early owner of a Ford motor car. As can be seen, Ford’s
advertisement for their vehicles included names of eminent ladies and gentlemen
who had purchased one. <br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQPMD7ncZEbyk-X3IZv4XPfcTMxTHes8OCnBTLhtRF7lFbUxAT9J1TVEXTdqN-3D1HowQmB7KPIAQNxulV2JayBeOuwRFI40nhnt89d1nH5lgOjPxzvepskxgj6VWOCqu9dl616hKmEsE/s2048/1913+july+23+lady+mary+savile+a+distinquished+owner+of+a+Ford+motor+car.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1447" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQPMD7ncZEbyk-X3IZv4XPfcTMxTHes8OCnBTLhtRF7lFbUxAT9J1TVEXTdqN-3D1HowQmB7KPIAQNxulV2JayBeOuwRFI40nhnt89d1nH5lgOjPxzvepskxgj6VWOCqu9dl616hKmEsE/w283-h400/1913+july+23+lady+mary+savile+a+distinquished+owner+of+a+Ford+motor+car.jpg" width="283" /></a></div><br />During WW1 she enrolled with the French Red Cross and spent a great deal of
time looking after wounded soldiers in the field in France. <br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDZRWbxwYqNkt7lXvVuobZsTi2JOaQaT-v4ErM6Am6pVbhdKFVmK4v2z7Z-7As87XJiAau6JbjbTU6s4g-4iDhZpxaoqKo1w41q73q5oQOpSrVsx49rFlgkPGDNynJwrqUMIGUTqmatxc/s677/1914+september+23+lady+mary+savile+forward+photo+of+damaged+Cathedral+of+Rheim-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="677" data-original-width="653" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDZRWbxwYqNkt7lXvVuobZsTi2JOaQaT-v4ErM6Am6pVbhdKFVmK4v2z7Z-7As87XJiAau6JbjbTU6s4g-4iDhZpxaoqKo1w41q73q5oQOpSrVsx49rFlgkPGDNynJwrqUMIGUTqmatxc/w386-h400/1914+september+23+lady+mary+savile+forward+photo+of+damaged+Cathedral+of+Rheim-a.jpg" width="386" /></a></div><br />Lady Mary was able to provide photographic evidence to the Yorkshire Evening
Post of the damage the Cathedral of Rheim sustained during the war.<br />
<br />
When the war ended, she returned to England, and once again took up her place
in society. She particularly enjoyed living at Stockwell Hall when not at her
Yorkshire home of Scarcroft Lodge, or staying with her sister Princess Anne, at
8 Upper Belgrave Street. Stockwell being her favoured residence, she enjoyed getting
the family together, particularly at Christmas time. Lady Mary had purchased
Stockwell Hall from her brother in the October 1920<a href="#_ftn60" name="_ftnref60" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn60;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[60]</span></span></span></span></a>,
to make it her main residence, rather than Scarcroft Lodge in Yorkshire. <br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhce2OQfxseqBYBxgw6e_2PApLFtEzGmCbIlgJxnf8BEWQxoglva9e0TieW5pqPc8IBydRV0k36IMvGk_HCh_wCKknxUr68iy0wWf0C5m6YmszKxHkLPyVhc1RcX0Igf2SHkFunpLUoaCk/s2048/1907+june+19+PHOTO+scarcroft+lodge+leeds+lady+marys+home-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1463" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhce2OQfxseqBYBxgw6e_2PApLFtEzGmCbIlgJxnf8BEWQxoglva9e0TieW5pqPc8IBydRV0k36IMvGk_HCh_wCKknxUr68iy0wWf0C5m6YmszKxHkLPyVhc1RcX0Igf2SHkFunpLUoaCk/w286-h400/1907+june+19+PHOTO+scarcroft+lodge+leeds+lady+marys+home-a.jpg" width="286" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Scarcroft Lodge, Lady Mary's bolt-hole<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />Lady Mary’s house, Scarcroft Lodge. Lady Mary had created a small Catholic Chapel
inside the house for the use of herself and her visiting family and any guests
who may be staying with her. Image: The Leeds and Yorkshire Mercury June 1907<br />
<br />
Interestingly, in July 1930 she made one of her properties, 47 Cadogan Square,
available to her nephew and his bride, John Raphael Wentworth Savile, Viscount
Pollington and Josephine Fletcher, for their wedding reception, before they
left for their honeymoon in Italy and Sicily, her wedding gift to them was a
car<a href="#_ftn61" name="_ftnref61" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn61;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[61]</span></span></span></span></a>.
Incidentally, her aunt, Anne Raphael had property in Lombardy, Italy, although
I do not know if it was passed on in the family, or if it was sold after her
death. Lady Mary Savile passed away at Stockwell Hall in July 1945. She left an
estate of £97,000, the equivalent today would be around £4 million. She also
took the trouble to bequeath to her companion, Veronica Gillette, £6 a week,
with additional £2.10s a week more if she took care of her cook, Sarah Price.
However, Veronica had died a month before Lady Mary, but the then Earl of
Mexborough, her nephew, John Raphael Wentworth Savile took care of Sarah until
she passed away.<br />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<p></p>
<h2>Lady Anne Savile<br />
1864-1927<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL0rIufvaTlbt_wurSPoqXNEfELZqEEB5NvZyvlCyW_ZMwCm-gjLRLlCP7pBO34TeHhKGO_aKxbkCetojSpycxg5yDXZN50kbqbhz3uCyK8zxUxN1BA_wLX-LKHGh1tFIYUhz5BrgvxBo/s618/lady+anne+savile.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL0rIufvaTlbt_wurSPoqXNEfELZqEEB5NvZyvlCyW_ZMwCm-gjLRLlCP7pBO34TeHhKGO_aKxbkCetojSpycxg5yDXZN50kbqbhz3uCyK8zxUxN1BA_wLX-LKHGh1tFIYUhz5BrgvxBo/s618/lady+anne+savile.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjASmALd4ucUt8sfgHNrsD8iLPhDoYmMgkdfinZeTKlo1keEa6n4CO7Pmctxe-eCwEkKkxzq57XKOXwrxJJLA1vrcE2uQzboiaQm5gPFvB8i8KIlmVw-ES6t79jPdiT_6D86yacX_nQPec/s520/prince+ludwig+loewenstein-wertheim.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="490" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjASmALd4ucUt8sfgHNrsD8iLPhDoYmMgkdfinZeTKlo1keEa6n4CO7Pmctxe-eCwEkKkxzq57XKOXwrxJJLA1vrcE2uQzboiaQm5gPFvB8i8KIlmVw-ES6t79jPdiT_6D86yacX_nQPec/w302-h320/prince+ludwig+loewenstein-wertheim.jpg" width="302" /></a></div><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL0rIufvaTlbt_wurSPoqXNEfELZqEEB5NvZyvlCyW_ZMwCm-gjLRLlCP7pBO34TeHhKGO_aKxbkCetojSpycxg5yDXZN50kbqbhz3uCyK8zxUxN1BA_wLX-LKHGh1tFIYUhz5BrgvxBo/s618/lady+anne+savile.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="618" data-original-width="511" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL0rIufvaTlbt_wurSPoqXNEfELZqEEB5NvZyvlCyW_ZMwCm-gjLRLlCP7pBO34TeHhKGO_aKxbkCetojSpycxg5yDXZN50kbqbhz3uCyK8zxUxN1BA_wLX-LKHGh1tFIYUhz5BrgvxBo/w333-h400/lady+anne+savile.jpg" width="333" /> </a></div><br />Researching Lady Anne, I get the feeling she was probably the most wilful of
Agnes’s children. Like all her siblings, Lady Anne wanted for nothing. She had
a privileged upbringing and her marriage to His Highness Prince Ludwig Karl zu
Loeweinstein Wertheim was originally due to take place in April 1897, but was
postponed. Whatever the creases were that needed ironing out, they were done
within a month, and by May, the wedding finally took place <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in London. It was probably one of society’s
biggest weddings of the year. She was small in stature, of fair complexion and
reputed to be mild in manner, her bridegroom towered over her in his tall,
strong and athletic form. The wedding was incredibly extravagant. Her duchesse
satin wedding gown was embroidered with diamonds and silver, and her veil was
held in place by the most magnificent diamond tiara, a gift from her parents. In
fact, the family were so well regarded that The Pope telegraphed from Rome
his Apostolic benediction to the happy couple during the afternoon. The guest
list was more like Who’s Who. There were European royals, Counts and Countesses,
Ambassadors, Barons, Earls, Marquis, several Viscounts and a couple of
Rothschilds. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The wedding presents
numbered over 500 and included some magnificent pieces of jewellery. The first
part of their honeymoon was at Ditton Lodge, lent to them by Agnes. <br />
<br />
Did Anne’s well-travelled and well-read father, Earl Mexborough already know
about the prince’s conduct back home in Germany? The prince courted pleasure in
ways popular with his class, and soon the time came when his large income was insufficient.
He became badly involved in debt, and left his creditors in the lurch, fleeing
to London. He was quickly absorbed into society life, trading on his noble
family name as well as his charming manners. Was she flattered by his
attention? Probably. Was he captured by her wealth? Very likely. His handsome
good looks and those all important charming manners, got him a long way, but
they didn’t fool Lady Anne’s father, the Earl. Be that as it may,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it
wasn’t long before the engagement to Lady Anne was announced. However, there
was underlying discord within her family about the marriage, and it may be the
reason behind why her father was “unavoidably detained” on her wedding day, and
she was walked down the aisle by her brother. Another reason may be that the
family could not shake off the Jewish label that had been so erroneously
attached to Alexander Raphael, and subsequently Agnes, Anne’s mother. It would
seem that an attempt was made on the occasion of the marriage of Lady Anne
Savile to argue that her mother was of Persian descent, (presumably to try and
placate the German royals Lady Anne was about to marry into) but incredibly,
the move was unsuccessful and the result of Lady Anne’s union to the
Loewenstein-Wertheim scions of Europe and a former German sovereign house, was
regarded on the continent as a morganatic alliance. She was never received at
Court abroad as Princess Loewenstein-Wertheim nor accorded any recognition nor
allowance from the extensive family estates of the Princes of Loewenstein-Wertheim.<br />
<br />
Their Highnesses, the Prince and Princess Loewenstein Wertheim planned on
settling down and living at 6 Deanery Street Park Lane, London, the property
was a wedding gift from Agnes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the princess
had not reckoned with the prince’s inability to relax, his erratic nature, and
his expensive tastes. No sooner had they married, he then disappeared for very
long periods. A known lavish spender, the princess had cleared his debts in
Germany, but old habits die hard, and he was being chased by creditors, even
his new bride refused to pay his London bills. The princess became very skilful
at offering reasons for his absence, and, for a while, people accepted what she
said, but it didn’t last. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In February
1899, her hand was forced when a firm of solicitors placed an advert in a
London newspaper seeking the whereabouts of the prince, and urging him to get
in touch regarding some business in Germany. The princess had no alternative
but to refute he was “lost”, and claimed she knew where he was. She reiterated
to the press that her husband had, only two months ago,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>attended a party given by the Duke of
Portland at Welbeck Abbey. What she hadn’t bargained for, was<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the Duke of Portland denying he had ever met
Prince Loewenstein, and he certainly had not been at the Duke’s party. The
princess went on to say she had received a letter from her husband “a few days
ago”, and, she continued, she expected him home shortly, saying he was staying
with his brother in Germany. To add insult to injury, a Yorkshire investigative
journalist printed a rather detailed article on the flimsy responses given by
the princess, questioning her honesty in what she had claimed. Only a couple of
weeks after the advertisement placed by the solicitors seeking Prince
Lowenstein did further news reach the English papers. A telegram had been
received from Manila on February 23<sup>rd</sup> stating “the Prince Lowenstein
is still here, and is well.” The princess retreated to her father’s home
Methley Hall in Yorkshire, to hide her embarrassment and lick her wounds of
deceit. <br />
<br />
Prince Ludwig was now under the suspicion of being a German spy. There was
speculation that he had travelled to Manila and deliberately sought death,
having been discovered that he was acting as a confidential agent of the German
government.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
<i>“There is strong circumstantial evidence that Prince Ludwig von Loewenstein,
who was killed during an engagement between the American troops and the
Filipinos before Caloocan, deliberately sought death to end a life which had
become to him little more than a regret.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>C.S. Bradford of San Francisco, who has just returned from Manila and
who was on the firing line with the Americans when the Prince met his death,
tells a story which goes far to substantiate this theory. <br />
<br />
“That morning” he says “there was some skirmishing near the Malabon River, and
I stood with a party of civilians on the stone bridge watching the manoeuvres.
Prince Loewenstein and another German were in the crowd. An orderly from
General Hale’s headquarters rode up and requested us to get away, as the
position would soon be exposed. Then he looked straight at Loewenstein and his
companion and said: ‘I’m speaking to you particularly. You have already given
us some trouble by hanging around the firing lines, and we will have no more of
it.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Prince Loewenstein smiled and bowed
and followed the orderly as he rode away. Shortly after the Oregon regiment
moved across the wide plain toward some timber on the extreme left of the
Filipinos’ line, I saw two or three men dodge among the trees and take shelter
in nipa houses. The Oregons continued advancing and firing volleys through the
timber, and their commanding officer ordered some of his men to perforate the
houses. In one of these houses were Loewenstein and his friend. The prince was
shot through the body, the ball entering his right side, and he died instantly.</i><a href="#_ftn62" name="_ftnref62" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn62;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[62]</span></span></span></span></a><i>
The other man’s left arm was shattered above the wrist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the Prince’s body were found a cheap
watch, 25 cents in silver, three visiting cards with the full title of the
Prince and a pass signed by Agulnaldo, giving the bearer the privilege to go
anywhere within the Filipino lines. This paper was saturated with blood.
Germans thought the Prince had been seeking suicide ever since he arrived at
Manila, and that he deliberately courted the death which overtook him.
Americans looked upon him as in the service of the German government, and this
view was shared by Englishmen at Manila. There is much in the record of Prince
Ludwig Carl von Loewenstein’s life to render logical the theory that he courted
death. He had travelled the pace and found the inevitable disaster at the end.”</i><a href="#_ftn63" name="_ftnref63" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn63;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[63]</span></span></span></span></a><i><br />
<br />
</i>In April 1899 official confirmation of her husband’s death at Manila in the
March, was conveyed to the princess by the United States Embassy in London. There
were family matters to deal with, and in August 1899 the princess travelled to her
late husband’s parents, Prince and Princess Loewenstein Wertheim at Schloss
Kreuzwertheimer, Main, in Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is
likely she received word of her father’s death whilst she was in Germany, he
having died at Brighton on the 17<sup>th</sup> August. However, she did make it
back to England for the funeral on the 23<sup>rd</sup> August. It must have
been an incredibly difficult time for her to deal with; she had lost her mother
Agnes in December 1898, her husband in March 1899 and her father in the August.
<br />
<br />
The princess threw herself into charitable and social events and by January 1901
she was at the forefront of a most avant-garde enterprise. She headed up a
board of governors on an exclusive woman’s club, whose purpose was “without an
object other than enjoyment.” Similar to a gentleman’s club, the Empress Club, was
originally founded in 1897 at No. 32 Dover Street<a href="#_ftn64" name="_ftnref64" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn64;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[64]</span></span></span></span></a>
but membership was so popular (in excess of 3000), that in 1901 they very
quickly had to find new premises. Fortunately, a fitting building was able to
be erected at 35 Dover Street for approximately £70,000, equal to just over
£7.5 million at today’s values. And just how far did the ladies of Mexborough
have to travel to this exclusive building? Not far. The family home was No. 33 Dover
Street. I wager that Princess Lowenstein may have had something to do with the
location, it is too coincidental.<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwJKVoyS4aXA0Zf2WDGYBgu7rMnOQzz4l_FgrPHU35PH6WObI-2BE4MkLEMBOehuLDEDdJS94FsIuCQBQT1Y5GDkv7jaSbmVOW-k47LHoXNgdZWvCfTwKsRHsEMMBYzXLHKoAUT4JVNsQ/s1034/a-sectional-drawing-of-the-empress-club-13-berkeley-street-1904.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1034" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwJKVoyS4aXA0Zf2WDGYBgu7rMnOQzz4l_FgrPHU35PH6WObI-2BE4MkLEMBOehuLDEDdJS94FsIuCQBQT1Y5GDkv7jaSbmVOW-k47LHoXNgdZWvCfTwKsRHsEMMBYzXLHKoAUT4JVNsQ/w400-h279/a-sectional-drawing-of-the-empress-club-13-berkeley-street-1904.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lady Anne's ambitious project, a Ladies Club<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />Image: youtube<br />
<br />
The club contained dining rooms, drawing rooms, reading and around 100
bedrooms. Every member had their own mail box, theatre tickets were obtainable
at the touch of a bell, private dinner parties could be given, and a luxurious
reception room could be used by members who did not wish to suffer the inconvenience
of entertaining in their own homes. Entry to this exclusive club was based on a
good social position, and a heavy subscription fee.<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
The princess was a regular traveller to Europe and the USA. She was also very
active with a number of charitable associations, particularly children and
orphans. She supported such organisations as ‘Little Sisters for the Poor’, the
‘Ophthalmic Hospital, London,’ and one whose name today would not be tolerated;
“Our Dumb Friends’ League”, ‘Nursing Sisters of the Poor’, as well as causes
like the ‘building fund for the Roman Catholic Boys’ School and Chapel’. <br />
<br />
In 1900 she was active in her support for the housing requirements of wounded
soldiers returning from the Transvaal. The princess was on the Ladies Committee,
along with Augusta Spencer Churchill, who wanted to raise much needed financial
assistance for the upkeep and maintenance of the homes which were based at
Bisley, near Oxford. <br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC35RFe2ITDaDlCjxwKcgAWx2Yo-11Zg1MZJVv2ZZ2Phs78w_8dAXnhC1YCfJT1vLHVjbdZ15dK0pntveaInnYyh7W8V7m2LmotjkcCsyU6yHhNj4G0YKB2I6zCrLk2sjw-YQQ3R2VMc4/s1280/the+building+trades+gift+to+the+nation+homes+of+rest+for+wounded+soldiers+bisley.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="670" data-original-width="1280" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC35RFe2ITDaDlCjxwKcgAWx2Yo-11Zg1MZJVv2ZZ2Phs78w_8dAXnhC1YCfJT1vLHVjbdZ15dK0pntveaInnYyh7W8V7m2LmotjkcCsyU6yHhNj4G0YKB2I6zCrLk2sjw-YQQ3R2VMc4/w400-h210/the+building+trades+gift+to+the+nation+homes+of+rest+for+wounded+soldiers+bisley.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Home for wounded soldiers<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />The homes had been donated by the Building Trades of Great Britain. To raise
enough funds, required a large, charitable event and the princess and Augusta
Churchill organised a matinee performance at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. The
performance was to be by artists purely of British nationality with over 200
actors and actresses and members of the music hall profession, all of whom
volunteered their services. Her Majesty the Queen had agreed to attend as had
her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales and other members of the royal family.<a href="#_ftn65" name="_ftnref65" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn65;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[65]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
Although clearly she certainly was active and charitable, but she was also
rather self-absorbed and used to getting her own way without obstacles standing
in her path.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHHEYlPFuXo8yiyyEOcn-Gw_B09c06qryAD0AkyVKjHX1a7ZsDv7YONpwNWX-1-0zdawt9NKMRiQqDn5a2cHpe25KGj4YZEdjOWIqUIAb8WpLdEJT-PiiO0VSgzc-yIyhutJZkLal_TVA/s1012/1901+july+17+Princess+lowenstein+at+Sheen+House+fete+PHOTOGRAPH+cropped-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="762" data-original-width="1012" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHHEYlPFuXo8yiyyEOcn-Gw_B09c06qryAD0AkyVKjHX1a7ZsDv7YONpwNWX-1-0zdawt9NKMRiQqDn5a2cHpe25KGj4YZEdjOWIqUIAb8WpLdEJT-PiiO0VSgzc-yIyhutJZkLal_TVA/w400-h301/1901+july+17+Princess+lowenstein+at+Sheen+House+fete+PHOTOGRAPH+cropped-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />Princess Lowenstein always dressed well for charity events<br />
<br />
In December 1899 the princess moved out of 6 Deanery Street, Park Lane and into
23a Bruton Street, Berkeley Square. She didn’t stay long in that house because
in October 1901 she sold Bruton Street, and went on to purchase in 1902 a very
desirable property at 8 Upper Belgrave Street. A roomy residence, very finely
furnished and well situated, with a view down the lengthy vista of Eaton Place.
She regularly hosted fashionable dances at her new home, attended by all the
most stylish people. She was an accomplished singer, and would often accompany
her own piano recitals, presenting her visitors the full entertainment package
a well rounded young woman of her times should offer. The guitar was also
another instrument she was gifted in playing, music was such a joy for
her.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The princess and her sister Lady
Mary would always wear the very finest and latest designs, including Pompadour
brocade, accompanied by a dazzling parure of diamonds. The sisters had
inherited their mother’s jewels, and it was a very enviable and breath-taking
collection of pearls, emeralds, rubies, diamonds and other elegant precious
stones. The princess greatly enjoyed wearing an overt number of diamonds when
the occasion called for it, and as a socialite, those occasions called often.
The princess was a regular traveller to Europe, calling at Paris for fashion
fittings, moving on to Cannes and enjoying the Riviera, she would also pay
visits to her husband’s family in Germany, enjoying the trappings of the
hospitality on offer from the old family of Europe.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpCU5eT60XWtxSRrzUMzkcqQbcTmARglsyAzFYNLOmEormfq8KeQzZqPBHGJpW65l3kpT7ZfSj7h-3daJeqGNX17aK1AVfZzfHFsBGocoZGF17eGUC_xpMN8Vpopshr_nUWsH_lmLryGY/s969/1908+august+18+princess+lowenstein+opens+warrington+flower+show+PHOTOGRAPH-aa.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="968" data-original-width="969" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpCU5eT60XWtxSRrzUMzkcqQbcTmARglsyAzFYNLOmEormfq8KeQzZqPBHGJpW65l3kpT7ZfSj7h-3daJeqGNX17aK1AVfZzfHFsBGocoZGF17eGUC_xpMN8Vpopshr_nUWsH_lmLryGY/w400-h400/1908+august+18+princess+lowenstein+opens+warrington+flower+show+PHOTOGRAPH-aa.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />In August 1908 the princess opened the Warrington Flower show.<br />
<br />
On one of her “at homes” in 1911 the princess adapted for private entertaining
purposes the universally popular activity of roller-skating. Her large circle
of friends and acquaintances were treated to an afternoon skating in the great
ballroom of the Grafton Galleries where she had arranged for a special skating
floor to be laid. Numerous staff were on hand to assist with the fitting and
adjusting of the skates, and of course, a delightful band played a selection of
cheery dances, with fine refreshments being served for her friends.<br />
<br />
It would seem though, that the princess dabbled with a more serious side. In
1909 she registered the patent for her gyroscope invention which claimed to
help travellers with quelling seasickness they may encounter on voyages. It was
effectively a self-levelling bed; used by Queen Mary in 1912, the princess subsequently
took it on a crossing to New York in 1913. Sailing on the Majestic from
Southampton in January of that year, accompanied by her agent, Hughie Massey
and a footman,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Arthur James Humm, they
stayed at the Ritz Hotel.<a href="#_ftn66" name="_ftnref66" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn66;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[66]</span></span></span></span></a>
She gave a short interview about her invention, in the hope it would attract
financial backers. It was published all over the USA, but no backers found it
sufficiently interesting enough to invest in it. In December 1914 the War
Office agreed to install the swing cots on hospital ships that were conveying
patients to England, a very pleasing development for the princess.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixQVY_e3YRumSIuVnuCs9MzHGLy2-C7fP3oA-_QaKM75jkL8MYRKJsBH2dC5RAZb3Lg3IwGikcZfd7XlErwqaOEqlR3r87FjLPz-HSQvozLmUlXQxcEw77oaLwssVkdEpMJUu1LtgA2Jg/s2048/full+patent+application+of+the+self+levelling+bunk+invented+by+anne+lowenstein_Page_1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1394" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixQVY_e3YRumSIuVnuCs9MzHGLy2-C7fP3oA-_QaKM75jkL8MYRKJsBH2dC5RAZb3Lg3IwGikcZfd7XlErwqaOEqlR3r87FjLPz-HSQvozLmUlXQxcEw77oaLwssVkdEpMJUu1LtgA2Jg/w273-h400/full+patent+application+of+the+self+levelling+bunk+invented+by+anne+lowenstein_Page_1.jpg" width="273" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA-_HFXjYqsrNnS3kLxBI-inv7RchHJDA4wKgX1HaFYOhjPxs-CtqRMx1_WJN8j7jLyNCHSU2ULXieXc71v6Byb1F3i6EOaLYVBXakz0ft0w5iC-MF_BsiCqVzc013Z5HyHOUEuhVw3Fo/s2048/full+patent+application+of+the+self+levelling+bunk+invented+by+anne+lowenstein_Page_2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1394" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA-_HFXjYqsrNnS3kLxBI-inv7RchHJDA4wKgX1HaFYOhjPxs-CtqRMx1_WJN8j7jLyNCHSU2ULXieXc71v6Byb1F3i6EOaLYVBXakz0ft0w5iC-MF_BsiCqVzc013Z5HyHOUEuhVw3Fo/w273-h400/full+patent+application+of+the+self+levelling+bunk+invented+by+anne+lowenstein_Page_2.jpg" width="273" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">the patent sketches for Lady Anne's self-levelling bed<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOyWlz2XQLFo5XEbsYBhGKdjjQlxhZljnLK4jGo2pu9xRlrFq2_1MLbuzL8MGjoMH6eX5LJmVUmVmGQWlpy0y1pLqq_VbIuNEGLaOmUw3HRohTBniDbAvsGv3dJ13SuDk2MOVBRrTBbd0/s2048/full+patent+application+of+the+self+levelling+bunk+invented+by+anne+lowenstein_Page_3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1394" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOyWlz2XQLFo5XEbsYBhGKdjjQlxhZljnLK4jGo2pu9xRlrFq2_1MLbuzL8MGjoMH6eX5LJmVUmVmGQWlpy0y1pLqq_VbIuNEGLaOmUw3HRohTBniDbAvsGv3dJ13SuDk2MOVBRrTBbd0/w273-h400/full+patent+application+of+the+self+levelling+bunk+invented+by+anne+lowenstein_Page_3.jpg" width="273" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuhSn5LiDIa3aTH42NLwn9rai6eistfJlIvsVfG0q-99rNPrzYU-BT8xOGmRPdDUVyZtLuVUslN0n0howsbWPa9Fqy72FL-VVSHHu23MX1FW8zemSXYkSDnFWjoxAKNrql23sbcFb5wDw/s2048/full+patent+application+of+the+self+levelling+bunk+invented+by+anne+lowenstein_Page_4.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1467" data-original-width="2048" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuhSn5LiDIa3aTH42NLwn9rai6eistfJlIvsVfG0q-99rNPrzYU-BT8xOGmRPdDUVyZtLuVUslN0n0howsbWPa9Fqy72FL-VVSHHu23MX1FW8zemSXYkSDnFWjoxAKNrql23sbcFb5wDw/w400-h286/full+patent+application+of+the+self+levelling+bunk+invented+by+anne+lowenstein_Page_4.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEita-wvHWj12T5Upnx_bJwVUy3Snm2UNpMkXMob15snjYWFm5XyPI51LFlSz4r1XUeBORzTYtRRZIqioi90R8PG4qGZrPKc-ab6lhQcI6o7L4McJw7IGiDCa2ba0RRe0kEtPjBzecmlkoo/s2048/ann+lowenstein+wertheims+self+level+bed+patent-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1467" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEita-wvHWj12T5Upnx_bJwVUy3Snm2UNpMkXMob15snjYWFm5XyPI51LFlSz4r1XUeBORzTYtRRZIqioi90R8PG4qGZrPKc-ab6lhQcI6o7L4McJw7IGiDCa2ba0RRe0kEtPjBzecmlkoo/w286-h400/ann+lowenstein+wertheims+self+level+bed+patent-a.jpg" width="286" /> </a></div><br /></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US986108">https://patents.google.com/patent/US986108</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6wLpLQnbZD9IVNhNICBBOu71ti_eios7VbL9YlmP8bweCM9Fr-rqh175LI8liZ5AnaVVT0CGx5UzjO6g_-Rd6Y3bR4HO4JAfI9X4RRSmt5s7Ag1SuYAjrufVzeDAVVfJlOSuVK6_dVg0/s542/1913+february+5+Princess+Lowensteins+anti+sickness+bed+in+USA-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="542" data-original-width="305" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6wLpLQnbZD9IVNhNICBBOu71ti_eios7VbL9YlmP8bweCM9Fr-rqh175LI8liZ5AnaVVT0CGx5UzjO6g_-Rd6Y3bR4HO4JAfI9X4RRSmt5s7Ag1SuYAjrufVzeDAVVfJlOSuVK6_dVg0/w225-h400/1913+february+5+Princess+Lowensteins+anti+sickness+bed+in+USA-a.jpg" width="225" /></a></div><br />05 February 1913 - Quincy Daily Herald - Quincy, Illinois, United States Of
America<br />
<br />
Princess Loewenstein was the first woman to fly in an aeroplane. Her
achievements in the air have never gained as much recognition as her later
compatriot, Amelia Earhart, who became the first woman to successfully <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fly across the Atlantic. That milestone was
something the princess dreamt to achieve, and she spent a great deal of money
attempting it, but ultimately failed. I detail below the timeline of the
princess’s flying career.<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-e2tmMYuuiyA_0id6I176hdt07Zsxd6G7J4Jrw_1Y9Q1NUZlhyphenhyphenAUawUpSVOb_4-7dA9SQRerc3XGnUA4N4_Q3o3o0li363k_4ymbMtNKaOFWLW7E-Vc4jnRPC0BH0CYjVnGrWIkqK6RM/s1385/1914+june+13+princess+learning+to+fly+PHOTOGRAPH+IN+PLANE-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1048" data-original-width="1385" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-e2tmMYuuiyA_0id6I176hdt07Zsxd6G7J4Jrw_1Y9Q1NUZlhyphenhyphenAUawUpSVOb_4-7dA9SQRerc3XGnUA4N4_Q3o3o0li363k_4ymbMtNKaOFWLW7E-Vc4jnRPC0BH0CYjVnGrWIkqK6RM/w400-h303/1914+june+13+princess+learning+to+fly+PHOTOGRAPH+IN+PLANE-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />13 June 1914. Image: findmypast Newspaper Archive. The list of distinguished
people who are learning to fly is now a very long one. Among the pupils at
Hendon is the Princess Ludwig zu Lowenstein-Wertheim, and the picture shows her
being strapped in her seat by Mr. Page before going up with Mr. Baumann. The
Princess was formerly Lady Anne Savile, and is half-sister of the Earl of
Mexborough.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe3L3DcdSPfbflKXkR8eRnJ6eq1GE82_I9QuTNlP3mnDbNByg9dVIDkYM_IGTuTceVcAE25wmiyos1oGiAHWY6jXPx7rBm-R-rsWUQUx9JLzRwWcUFGpkT_bIokwa8aVQYeau3yM8pn6c/s2048/learning+to+fly+in+a+dual-control+bi-plane+with+Mr+Baumann+of+the+Beatty+Flying+School.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1495" data-original-width="2048" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe3L3DcdSPfbflKXkR8eRnJ6eq1GE82_I9QuTNlP3mnDbNByg9dVIDkYM_IGTuTceVcAE25wmiyos1oGiAHWY6jXPx7rBm-R-rsWUQUx9JLzRwWcUFGpkT_bIokwa8aVQYeau3yM8pn6c/w400-h293/learning+to+fly+in+a+dual-control+bi-plane+with+Mr+Baumann+of+the+Beatty+Flying+School.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />Princess Ludwig of Lowenstein-Wertheim learning to fly in a dual-control
bi-plane with Mr Baumann of the Beatty Flying School. (Photo by Topical Press
Agency/Getty Images)<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Vhhi-GK1glII7qcn2jMpZs1JgIdzFBBXUnZyGfQU2_xPE4b7LNxKsapMaZ9kDLhH5G6qFpRuXRwTnVMnIQe5Uczt_JVhZl1YoGOFhzoOxfND1UmNa1_RAm9NEJehxWr0yRDZGzsIxRo/s2048/gettyimages-2642563-2048x2048.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1441" data-original-width="2048" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Vhhi-GK1glII7qcn2jMpZs1JgIdzFBBXUnZyGfQU2_xPE4b7LNxKsapMaZ9kDLhH5G6qFpRuXRwTnVMnIQe5Uczt_JVhZl1YoGOFhzoOxfND1UmNa1_RAm9NEJehxWr0yRDZGzsIxRo/w400-h281/gettyimages-2642563-2048x2048.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />Princess Ludwig of Lowenstein-Wertheim with her flying tutor Mr Baumann prior
to take-off. (Photo by Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)<br />
<br />
In the early part of 1914 the princess had travelled to North Africa and, with
her pilot, Mr. Olivier, became the first woman to fly from Cairo to Luxor,<a href="#_ftn67" name="_ftnref67" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn67;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[67]</span></span></span></span></a>
and then onto the South of France in a Farman bi-plane. She returned home in
early May, and two weeks later did another flight from London to France. Newly
qualified by only three weeks, Mr. Rowland Ding her pilot and the princess did
the journey in a 100 h.p. Handley Page biplane.<a href="#_ftn68" name="_ftnref68" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn68;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[68]</span></span></span></span></a>
They started in Hendon and flew to Eastbourne which took them 1 hour 5 minutes.
They flew on to Calais crossing the Channel in 15 minutes, the whole flight
taking 110 minutes.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXfzfDeh47hBbGh_Y2db9d8dIxURHyot3GGXpZgKpBVnyzWItO6zDfAePUiqIMEtNP-YtNKcLRWUAqHu-ZdaajxMbuzWPKuzlNC0Ij63GFv5siipn3mYqCFvb74AtAVUUEuR9yKD_ekRE/s2048/21st+May+1914+Princess+Lowenstein-Wertheim+in+the+cockpit+of+her+aircraft+before+a+flight+across+the+English+Channel.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1529" data-original-width="2048" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXfzfDeh47hBbGh_Y2db9d8dIxURHyot3GGXpZgKpBVnyzWItO6zDfAePUiqIMEtNP-YtNKcLRWUAqHu-ZdaajxMbuzWPKuzlNC0Ij63GFv5siipn3mYqCFvb74AtAVUUEuR9yKD_ekRE/w400-h299/21st+May+1914+Princess+Lowenstein-Wertheim+in+the+cockpit+of+her+aircraft+before+a+flight+across+the+English+Channel.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />21st May 1914: Princess Lowenstein-Wertheim in the cockpit of her aircraft
before a flight across the English Channel. (Photo by Topical Press
Agency/Getty Images)<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw67GAkzyGhfAqcDOLHd40A9cOn07A8TJ9JTw81XuJTUOA8M2hrLGO3tOGGy8UncezgUN_vZpWchXB8ZGqsflth7u77RtC73eTDcqoGxWWc6yIFV5Io8oOlQ7yfh-zGqHmaHOKiGZmFvY/s2048/21+may+1914+princess+lowenstein+channel+flight+with+rowland+ding.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1510" data-original-width="2048" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw67GAkzyGhfAqcDOLHd40A9cOn07A8TJ9JTw81XuJTUOA8M2hrLGO3tOGGy8UncezgUN_vZpWchXB8ZGqsflth7u77RtC73eTDcqoGxWWc6yIFV5Io8oOlQ7yfh-zGqHmaHOKiGZmFvY/w400-h295/21+may+1914+princess+lowenstein+channel+flight+with+rowland+ding.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />21st May 1914: Aviator Princess Ludwig of Lowenstein-Wertheim Freudenberg with
co-pilot Rowland Ding at the time of her Channel crossing. (Photo by Topical
Press Agency/Getty Images)<br />
<br />
The Princess became the subject of much suspicion during WW1. She was looked
upon as German and was therefore put under the Aliens restriction order, which
she promptly ignored and, to her cost, found herself in Court. <br />
<br />
<i>October 1917. “The case in which Her Serene Highness the Princess Lowenstein
Zu Wertheim was charged with having furnished false particulars with regard to
herself to the proprietor of the Victoria Hotel, Manchester, was again before
the Manchester City Stipendiary. A further charge against her, who had been on
bail since she was remanded last Friday, was that of having, as an alien enemy,
travelled more than five miles from her registered place of abode without a
permit.<br />
<br />
The defendant was the daughter of the late Earl of Mexborough and before her
marriage, was known as Lady Anne Savile. By her marriage with the German
Lowenstein, she became a German subject. When it became necessary for her to
register under the Aliens Restriction the particulars she gave were: Surname,
Ludwig; Christian name, Anne; nationality, German; occupation Princess
Lowenstein Wertheim; residence, 8 Upper Belgrave Street. On September 24<sup>th</sup>
the defendant left London and proceeded to Leeds. She did not obtain any permit
to travel, nor did she make any application for a permit. From the 24<sup>th</sup>
to 27<sup>th</sup> September she stayed with her sister, Lady Savile, at
Scarecroft Lodge, near Leeds. On the 27<sup>th</sup> she came to Manchester.
There she stayed at the Victoria Hotel. In compliance with requirements of the
hotel, she filled out a registration form. Instead of filling it out in the
proper manner, she described herself as Evelyn Ellis, of British nationality,
of 118 Portchester Terrace, London. All the particulars she gave were false.
The defendant’s purpose for visiting Manchester was to make some inquiries
about aeroplanes, and in pursuance of arrangements made over the telephone she
called at a local aeroplane works. She asked the manager if they could make her
an aeroplane, capable of carrying four passengers, and with a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>200 horse-power engine, the period of
delivery to be an early one. She did not report herself to the Aliens Office.
It was suspicious that a German princess should have adopted the conduct the
defendant did in attempting to acquire an aeroplane capable of flying across
the North Sea with herself as a passenger and any documentary evidence she
might like to place at the disposal of the enemy, or of carrying away any
escaped German officer who might be at large in this country. The manager of
the aeroplane works became suspicious as she refused to give her name or
address, he reported it to the police. After her arrest she explained that she
wanted an aeroplane to help to do war work.<br />
<br />
Her brother, the Earl of Mexborough, when questioned stated that his sister had
a craze for flying. All the connection she had with Germany was occasional
visits paid to that country during her two years married life before the death
of her husband. She had no German or anti-British leanings. The Earl confirmed
that he had known her to be a thoroughly patriotic British person all her life.
He quipped “we have always called her the John Bull of the family. She is most
patriotic.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Questioned further about his
sister’s passion for flying, Lord Mexborough said she had done a great deal of
it in various parts of the world. She had flown across the Channel from Sussex
to Dieppe and also in Egypt. She had made various flights since, and to his own
knowledge in May 1914, she had formed the intention of giving an aeroplane to
the Government. Lord Mexborough continued that the family had always greatly
disapproved of his sister’s craze for flying, and had taken as strong an
attitude against it as they could. That had led her to resort to subterfuges in
order that she might be able to concern herself with flying in opposition to
the wishes of her family. He believed for a fact that she had been in communication
with the Air Board on flying matters, as she was very anxious to do something
in the flying world for the benefit of this country in the war. He believed she
was a member of the Royal Aero Club of the United Kingdom. A further character
witness statement was read to the Court from Father Bernard Vaughan who
described himself as an old and intimate friend of the defendant’s. The Court
acquitted her of any motive in any way inconsistent in her loyalty to the
country of her birth. However, she was guilty of the breach of the Aliens
Restriction Order, an order that must be observed by her just as much as by
others who fell into it. She was ordered to pay a fine of £25 for each of the
two offences, and three guineas special costs.”</i><br />
<br />
A few days later the <i>John Bull</i> publication took exception to the
Princess and her punishment. <i>“Madam, accept my congratulations. If you had
not been a lady, the widow of a German prince, and with what we call “high
English family connections”, you would have received six months [jail] instead
of being fined £50 for that little attempt of yours in Manchester to masquerade
under a false name and address after, as a German subject, breaking the law by
travelling more than five miles from your registered address in aristocratic Upper
Belgrave Street. What gave added suspiciousness to your conduct was your
attempt to buy an aeroplane of 200 h.p. to carry four passengers, capable –
according to the expert evidence – of flying across the North Sea, and your
refusal to disclose your name. I notice that you entered the Court by way of
the Magistrates’ staircase. If I had had anything to do with the case, you
would have left it via the steps to the cells. John Bull”<br />
<br />
</i>After this episode in which the princess was clearly made to realise she
wasn’t above everyone else, steps were begun to have her re-naturalised. It was
done in a quiet, low-key fashion and confirmed on the 4<sup>th</sup> June 1918.<a href="#_ftn69" name="_ftnref69" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn69;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[69]</span></span></span></span></a>
The <i>John Bull</i> continued its campaign to highlight the princess’s double
standards, they were astonished that she managed to regain her citizenship by
re-naturalisation, strongly hinting that strings must have been pulled for her
to achieve this. The publication pointed out that for the last 20 years she had
made no attempt to lose her German status, but it was only since she was
thwarted by her actions in Manchester that it suddenly became important. The <i>John
Bull</i> implying that the princess had under-lying German intentions, in
particular, to help repatriate a German officer held at a detention centre, who
also happened to be a close friend of her sister Lady Mary Harris. The <i>John
Bull</i> was almost incandescent with anger that she, as a privileged upper
class woman, had clearly been given far better treatment than an ordinary
member of the public. <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The princess, with her pilot Leslie Hamilton, entered into
the King’s Cup Round Britain Race in 1922. She used her maiden name of Lady Anne
Savile, they flew in a De Havilland 9c, 230hp Siddeley Puma, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>normally used as an air taxi, they came 6<sup>th</sup>
overall. The plane had been installed with an Avexine automatic pilot which was
a “compressed air electrical devise that allowed the pilot to abandon control
with safety.”<a href="#_ftn70" name="_ftnref70" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn70;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[70]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGur08eAwOdC00N55a8DNklGgLQs1Uai38Yj2_2Zy4ZzRdNSY_WX4KHR7h7LkAPMxa7udmk2qG3YhZhBGJUFu9armDWt48nbLZT5IwhzOqCu5Pq00GGiUaAKN240AjEL7YNQmTtFeBNvM/s809/de+havilland+9c.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="387" data-original-width="809" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGur08eAwOdC00N55a8DNklGgLQs1Uai38Yj2_2Zy4ZzRdNSY_WX4KHR7h7LkAPMxa7udmk2qG3YhZhBGJUFu9armDWt48nbLZT5IwhzOqCu5Pq00GGiUaAKN240AjEL7YNQmTtFeBNvM/w400-h191/de+havilland+9c.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />The De Havilland 9c used in the 1922 King’s Air Race by the princess and her
pilot, Leslie Hamilton. image courtesy of flyingmachines.ru<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTSMeIDOKN7pEU-6eVU44mX8hbtwdSiYXakbn0FYzBlozHTZuF3prhqecSSZI8TT3i4uXAUPGJ4MUgdDe4-y68Y3ReaVsJmlJjm12B0TfuwEGAZKHjxRy4R-TePvRQEyDiOk-k8keuXF4/s2048/1923++before+the+start+of+the+1923+King%2527s+Cup+Air+race.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1501" data-original-width="2048" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTSMeIDOKN7pEU-6eVU44mX8hbtwdSiYXakbn0FYzBlozHTZuF3prhqecSSZI8TT3i4uXAUPGJ4MUgdDe4-y68Y3ReaVsJmlJjm12B0TfuwEGAZKHjxRy4R-TePvRQEyDiOk-k8keuXF4/w400-h294/1923++before+the+start+of+the+1923+King%2527s+Cup+Air+race.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />circa 1923: Princess Anne Loewenstein Wertheim dressed in flying gear with
friends before the start of an Aero Club Circuit of Great Britain Race. They
are standing by a De Havilland D.H.9 biplane. (Photo by Central Press/Getty
Images)<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPZmN6EsrLZfsG8h3plBuH7Nasew6yD5ypS-X_ToN-AZbpoWEIW9K_P37S_-UJmdl6me1XmmScxGUlV1BTi28OHD4JWfD2LQ_zSuNsA7MY6ipQqBWF4SqEBPl4-tBr0LA2uyQQ7pZLNRA/s2048/1923+the+start+of+an+Aero+Club+Circuit+of+Great+Britain+Race.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1523" data-original-width="2048" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPZmN6EsrLZfsG8h3plBuH7Nasew6yD5ypS-X_ToN-AZbpoWEIW9K_P37S_-UJmdl6me1XmmScxGUlV1BTi28OHD4JWfD2LQ_zSuNsA7MY6ipQqBWF4SqEBPl4-tBr0LA2uyQQ7pZLNRA/w400-h297/1923+the+start+of+an+Aero+Club+Circuit+of+Great+Britain+Race.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />July 1923: Captain C D Barnard (left of three) stands next to a De Havilland
DH9c G-EBDD before the start of the 1923 King's Cup Air race, which he
previously won in 1922 <i>[Note by Liz Chater: actually, he didn’t. Getty Images
have mixed him up with his cousin F.L. Barnard who DID win the race in 1922 –
see races results in any 1922 newspaper. She did enter the race in 1922, her
pilot was Leslie Hamilton, they came 6th].</i> With him are his sponsor,
Princess Loewenstein-Wertheim, who accompanied him in the race, and Flying
Officer Leslie Hamilton. They were eventually disqualified for not crossing the
finish line at Manchester. (Photo by Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdpOdeZjMvUIAc0iSCA_aQrrjg1hI7UyAYY2YvEBBTWk6EnpcH8HAY8Buq6ReiFWX_0l20gt5bVBFCMuT1jBrVJ_LxNRlFUp24WzyvVYLOK-x7tWVzXh3PUc0Y8CLSVrsHnIR87GmHBFs/s1100/ebdd.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="823" data-original-width="1100" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdpOdeZjMvUIAc0iSCA_aQrrjg1hI7UyAYY2YvEBBTWk6EnpcH8HAY8Buq6ReiFWX_0l20gt5bVBFCMuT1jBrVJ_LxNRlFUp24WzyvVYLOK-x7tWVzXh3PUc0Y8CLSVrsHnIR87GmHBFs/w400-h299/ebdd.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />The plane the princess flew in for the 1923 King’s Air Race<br />
<br />
14<sup>th</sup> July 1923, the princess flew in the King’s Cup. The course was Hendon-Birmingham-Newcastle-Glasgow-Manchester-Bristol-Hendon.
Her pilot, C.D. Barnard was at the controls of her biplane, DH9c Siddeley Puma.
However, it was disqualified for not crossing the line in Manchester.<a href="#_ftn71" name="_ftnref71" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn71;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[71]</span></span></span></span></a>
Incidentally, his cousin F.L. Barnard had won the race in 1922.<br />
<br />
On the 3<sup>rd</sup> August 1923, the princess was again a passenger in a D.H.
37, piloted by Major Hemming and Captain Timms from Croydon to Rotterdam in readiness
for an air race in Gothenburg.<a href="#_ftn72" name="_ftnref72" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn72;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[72]</span></span></span></span></a>
Two days later on the 6<sup>th</sup> the flying trio were expected back in
London on their return journey from the International Races in Sweden.<a href="#_ftn73" name="_ftnref73" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn73;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[73]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
In the winter of 1924/1925 Captain Hamilton, who by now had acquired a reputation
of a stunt pilot,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and the princess flew
out to St. Moritz where he landed on the ice. He afterwards invented a new
winter sport. <a href="#_ftn74" name="_ftnref74" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn74;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[74]</span></span></span></span></a>
In August 1925, the princess and Capt. Leslie Hamilton had flown to France, but
were reported “lost” as they had not made contact.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had left Lympne on the Friday and by
Sunday it was established they had made a force landing in a wood near Le
Bourget, having previously landed at Pontoise.<a href="#_ftn75" name="_ftnref75" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn75;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[75]</span></span></span></span></a>
They did make it back to England safely. Once settled, the princess went to stay
with her sister Lady Mary Savile at Stockwell Hall.<a href="#_ftn76" name="_ftnref76" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn76;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[76]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
<br />
The princess’s fascination for air travel and aviation generally, became an
obsession. As an extremely wealthy woman, there was no such thing as a budget.
She funded her follies with great alacrity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Two favoured pilots who flew the planes she purchased or had
manufactured for her, were often Captain Leslie Hamilton, D.F.C., M.B.E., and
Lieut. Col. Frederick Frank Minchin, C.B.E., D.S.O., M.C., both very experience
and highly decorated officers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The princess
and Frederick Minchin also had India in common between them; Frederick had been
born in Madras, just as her grandfather, John Raphael had been.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNyOM1iJybrzhcQaJqnYnt1QElkGc-iRKFncbZhsGiuJ6AL-oxh28k1nyMvbMauC6ATxR5qDvnfmviWtbsqHYolJ2kk8JOkwoz4ywJNCFu7E8qgior9PSg-dpitVfPlK-nBjMhJUx3Cqs/s1028/portrait+princess.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1028" data-original-width="638" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNyOM1iJybrzhcQaJqnYnt1QElkGc-iRKFncbZhsGiuJ6AL-oxh28k1nyMvbMauC6ATxR5qDvnfmviWtbsqHYolJ2kk8JOkwoz4ywJNCFu7E8qgior9PSg-dpitVfPlK-nBjMhJUx3Cqs/w249-h400/portrait+princess.jpg" width="249" /></a></div><br />The princess had long wanted to be the first woman to fly
the Atlantic. Through her acquisition and subsequent adaptation of the St.
Raphael that wish was within her grasp.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
she heard of Captain Hamilton’s plan, she was an eager financial backer of the
project. The Fokker-Jupiter mono-plane, with its 510 horse power engine of nine
cylinders <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was Dutch built and modified
for the transatlantic attempt. Both pilots had flown to Amsterdam in early
August 1927 in a Napier Amphibian aircraft to collect the Fokker Jupiter
monoplane.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The original plan had been
that the Atlantic attempt was to start from Baldonnel Aerodrome near Dublin on
the 15<sup>th</sup> August, but the plane had some technical issues, and
Hamilton and Minchin weren’t able to return to England in it until the 18<sup>th</sup>
of August. Their journey from Amsterdam was not without concern, they took off
at 6.55am, but they encountered low cloud at Ostend and the Channel, forcing
them to land briefly until the weather cleared. They resumed their homeward
flight at around 11am and landed safely at Croydon airfield at 12.40pm.
Curiously, when they arrived at Croydon, instead of wearing flying kit, they
wore lounge suits and light mackintoshes, with soft hats, and as they stepped
out of the aircraft one of the Imperial Airways typists presented them with a
live black kitten for good luck. The totally enclosed cockpit, an unusual feature
for planes at the time, offered them sufficient protection they felt
comfortable enough to fly in civilian clothes. They continued on to Bristol in
the early afternoon. However, the plane <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>displayed some further technical issues and
the departure of their Atlantic attempt was re-scheduled for 31<sup>st</sup>
August from a Wiltshire aerodrome. <br />
<br />
Col. Minchin and Capt. Hamilton had flown the St. Raphael, to the Upavon
airfield from Filton airfield on the evening of the 26<sup>th</sup> August 1927
in readiness for their journey. With its wing span of 60 feet made of light oak,
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and a sky blue fuselage, it was a
striking sight. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nevertheless, the plane
failed its air-worthy tests and the Air Ministry initially refused to give it a
pass certificate. Modifications were hastily made, and it did finally get the
Air Ministry’s go-ahead. There was secrecy surrounding whether the princess
would be part of the flight plan, but a local newspaper heard that the pilots
had done final checks and had the plane filled with fuel. The princess became
alerted to this development and on the morning of 31<sup>st</sup> August, the
gathered spectators, including the princess, who had motored at speed from
London in the early hours, watched as the Catholic Archbishop, Most Rev.
Francis Mostyn of Cardiff bestowed his blessing on the plane. The princess had
given no indication of her intentions until the Archbishop had sprinkled holy
water on the machine, when she dramatically fell to her knees in front of him,
kissed the episcopal ring and received the prelate’s final blessing. Moments
later, she climbed into the cockpit where a wicker armchair had been placed for
her. Her luggage, food, clothing and her personal jewellery collection were
placed on board; the engines roaring, they taxied off. It was a cloudy morning,
with heavy mist and poor visibility. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For
the 3,000 mile journey she wore blue leather knee breeches and jacket, a black
crush hat, black stockings and high heeled, yellow, fur-lined boots. The
gathered crowd, which included her friend Winston Churchill, watched as the
plane lumbered along, struggling to get off the ground. It looked like disaster
was going to strike at take off, but at the last moment, the plane managed to
lift, and missed hitting a road and trees by a whisker. Apart from an
inflatable boat, it didn’t have any other safety equipment; no life jackets,
radio, beacons or anything that may assist in their rescue should they
encounter trouble.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The plane was spotted
flying over Inverin just after mid-day, estimated to be at an altitude of 900
feet going in the direction of the Aran Islands off the Galway coast of Ireland.
Their aim was to make it to Ottawa in 38 hours.<br />
<br />
There had been so much excitement, hope, expectation, and anticipation of a
successful flight, but it wasn’t to be. Somewhere between Ireland and North
America the plane was lost. The waiting, on both sides of the Atlantic went
from hours to days; days to weeks; then resignation to the realisation the
three people on board the St. Raphael had perished.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRcqpqr7cpp1a0HtZ56yHVkih_UEDS_Y1m33WsadL8YECyai8DH_sOkQif4AqvCrwLwt_T_ISm5ElnZ-kGglFxdINg7_7C04_S8YJGlJKqBlvxN4eEPWV2DR_acDCTsFAa5ew9iFwmh-Q/s2048/St+Raphael+Take+Off+montage-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1083" data-original-width="2048" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRcqpqr7cpp1a0HtZ56yHVkih_UEDS_Y1m33WsadL8YECyai8DH_sOkQif4AqvCrwLwt_T_ISm5ElnZ-kGglFxdINg7_7C04_S8YJGlJKqBlvxN4eEPWV2DR_acDCTsFAa5ew9iFwmh-Q/w400-h211/St+Raphael+Take+Off+montage-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Amazing rare image of Princess Anne at take off on her ill-fated trip<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />Image: Findmypast Newspaper Archive<br />
<br />
There was a great deal of speculation regarding the loss of the St. Raphael,
with numerous theories as to what may have happened. Did the plane run out of
fuel whilst fighting head winds? Perhaps it would have been a more realistic
achievement had the two pilots not had the princess with them. The added
weight, not just of another person, but additional luggage, the extra cane
chair she had installed, the cot-bed brought aboard for the princess to rest,
all added to the already heavy weight the plane carried. It was 6.5 tons of
metal and wood, carrying 800 gallons of fuel, plus food supplies for 3 people
for 2 days. The princess <i>“……….was rich, energetic and progressive, and she
financed the flight, undoubtedly in the patriotic effort to have a British
plane to be the first to bridge the Atlantic from the east….her decision to
make the flight at the last minute speaks highly for her energy, daring and
initiative, even though her judgment may be questioned in adding her weight to
an already heavily loaded plane…..It is regrettable that aviation’s rapid
advance should be interfered with by sensation seekers or publicity
hounds………The National Aeronautical Association has taken definite steps to
discourage any more ocean flights by the inexperienced, the dollar prize
chaser, or the sensation seeker…….</i>”<a href="#_ftn77" name="_ftnref77" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn77;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[77]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
Her family were inconsolable, particularly her sister, Lady Mary Savile. Lady
Mary arranged for a memorial service to be held at the Farm Street Roman
Catholic Church on the 5<sup>th</sup> October 1927 for the late princess. <br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji0eLPctzPUbjB26WU7v5uNvWyPOXLuhwriPZ5Omc3OkWm-xD2vKSSfhzGI5zNtH38mokSzPTfaZZGuo5fMRfIWRbcz66OE7T0K9u-6EKG7zBq-Lgg9LlgT3PaFdRKWcOCVw1n1NeMvYc/s881/1927+october+6+lady+mary+savile+leaving+church+after+requim+mass+for+sister+PHOTOGRAPH-aa.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="881" data-original-width="597" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji0eLPctzPUbjB26WU7v5uNvWyPOXLuhwriPZ5Omc3OkWm-xD2vKSSfhzGI5zNtH38mokSzPTfaZZGuo5fMRfIWRbcz66OE7T0K9u-6EKG7zBq-Lgg9LlgT3PaFdRKWcOCVw1n1NeMvYc/w271-h400/1927+october+6+lady+mary+savile+leaving+church+after+requim+mass+for+sister+PHOTOGRAPH-aa.jpg" width="271" /></a></div><br />Lady Mary Savile leaving the Farm Street Church having attended the Requiem
Mass for her late sister.<br />
<br />
It was the formal recognition of the abandonment of all hope for the princess’s
survival. A Low Requiem Mass was said, followed with Absolutions. As there was
no body, prayers for the deceased princess were said by the priest, not around
the coffin, but around the catafalque which was surrounded with wax tapers.<br />
<br />
A year after that fateful flight, it was reported that a wheel had washed up near
Skaptaros, (sic)<a href="#_ftn78" name="_ftnref78" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn78;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[78]</span></span></span></span></a> off
the coast of Iceland. The Palladium Tire Manufacturing Company identified the
markings on the tyre"<i><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Palladium cord</span></i>,
aero standard, 1000 plus 220," <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>as
one of two they had sold on the 12<sup>th</sup> August 1927. They also confirmed
wheels of this type were used on the St. Raphael. <a href="#_ftn79" name="_ftnref79" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn79;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[79]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
Anne’s sister was, eventually, granted Administration of her estate. Lady Mary
took possession of the house at 8 Upper Belgrave Street, the estate was
estimated to be around £28,000. <br />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<p></p>
<h2>The Honorable John Henry Savile<br />
1868-1945</h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">John Henry Savile married Margaret Knatchbull-Huggesen in
1905 and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was the only one out of his
siblings, to have children as follows.<br />
<br />
John Raphael Wentworth Savile 1906-1980. Married Josephine Bertha Emily
Fletcher, had issue.<br />
Agnes Marjorie Alice Mary Savile 1907-1987. Married Thomas M. Eyston, had
issue.<br />
Beatrice Anne Savile 1910-1973. Married Ralph H. Scrope, had issue.<br />
Mary Elspeth Sylvia Savile 1914-1948. Married Andrew Ramon D De Bertodano, had
issue.<br />
Anne Sarah Alethea Marjorie Savile 1919-1991. Married James Roualeyn
Hovell-Thurlow-Cumming-Bruce, had issue.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</p>
<h2>The Honorable George Savile<br />
1871-1937</h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkOkM2iQBNe0OqDFTZEeMy8O1ep9WfS7lFUm58nKthupdz7JIMe6kZt5iUoLbpuYUd7jaabYbJs8wOKGdNU2FJ8W0P9HGZF4VZLZMcAM8FGSKNpq7O_OMsoD8EJt4CYsd_y9ym7sYmeRs/s2448/1871+november+24+birth+certificate+for+George+Savile+son+of+John+and+Agnes+Mexborough-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="841" data-original-width="2448" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkOkM2iQBNe0OqDFTZEeMy8O1ep9WfS7lFUm58nKthupdz7JIMe6kZt5iUoLbpuYUd7jaabYbJs8wOKGdNU2FJ8W0P9HGZF4VZLZMcAM8FGSKNpq7O_OMsoD8EJt4CYsd_y9ym7sYmeRs/w400-h138/1871+november+24+birth+certificate+for+George+Savile+son+of+John+and+Agnes+Mexborough-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">George Savile's birth certificate<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />Born on 24<sup>th</sup> November 1871, George was clearly a man in no rush. It
was first announced in September 1902 that he and Lady Margaret Forbes were to
be married. Eighteen years later in 1920, the marriage was announced again, and
this time there was a wedding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What
patience Lady Margaret possessed!<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLxYXxfYKf4_dAW-lYDa6BwyWHCwInNnOkhSxARrkE6T4FTYSWWlQrcRYjkOZmrVEw5zVtwrk6rlZbvLDumXpn8S5eu3CQlHT-TcQBxB-SWojnURVaWDbv4ENik777errFEcdq4L-lQ4g/s1472/young+lady+margaret+forbes.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1472" data-original-width="904" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLxYXxfYKf4_dAW-lYDa6BwyWHCwInNnOkhSxARrkE6T4FTYSWWlQrcRYjkOZmrVEw5zVtwrk6rlZbvLDumXpn8S5eu3CQlHT-TcQBxB-SWojnURVaWDbv4ENik777errFEcdq4L-lQ4g/w246-h400/young+lady+margaret+forbes.jpg" width="246" /></a></div><br />A very young Lady Margaret engagement photograph was published in “the Sketch”
in September 1920. However, it does rather look like a photograph taken of a
particularly youthful Lady Margaret. I wonder if this was the official
engagement photograph from 1902.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijTpHj89uJ86HWVqDF1CKrw_O2Hm9ijW4zi3TCXzS_0mCczaI2TTWhFQ0R7KpsuJ_jZEYIbxmJjxXIo_oHuunZ5aw79jfcB9iVxBvnwcSqB-CJgKMwEyGF18xRPFuO2YTk5UCDIAc1J8k/s1657/1920+september+29+marriage+of+george+savilemargaret+forbes+PHOTOGRAPH-a-Colorized-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1657" data-original-width="843" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijTpHj89uJ86HWVqDF1CKrw_O2Hm9ijW4zi3TCXzS_0mCczaI2TTWhFQ0R7KpsuJ_jZEYIbxmJjxXIo_oHuunZ5aw79jfcB9iVxBvnwcSqB-CJgKMwEyGF18xRPFuO2YTk5UCDIAc1J8k/w204-h400/1920+september+29+marriage+of+george+savilemargaret+forbes+PHOTOGRAPH-a-Colorized-a.jpg" width="204" /></a></div><br />Clearly a very striking bride, and he a very handsome groom, the photographs
from the wedding in September 1920 give a truer picture. Lady Margaret was 41
years, George was 48 years. They had left it so long there were no children in
the marriage.<br />
<br />
George was one of the 27 founding subscribers for the new Westminster Catholic
Cathedral, the foundation stone of which was laid in 1895. He further donated
the high altar, which was made of Cornish granite.<a href="#_ftn80" name="_ftnref80" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn80;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[80]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
George’s passion was carriage driving, at every opportunity he would
participate in competitions enjoying the thrills and skills required to
control<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>his dashing steeds.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw3UTm4tw1aZJPYnBiRZ_GrSFaWHKXJHXe1JjPNLsRm_LcACD_UsXlvQzX95oNcAH30zxZxSmYRCM0WekjjnsWwg7_1EKPh3Tugk51CabR8tI1E1OB9CbHZntOtKVFmxnWa44cPoxU5wU/s1219/1928+july+4+george+savile%252Bwife+margaret+savil+horse%252Bcarriage+PHOTO-aa.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1143" data-original-width="1219" height="375" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw3UTm4tw1aZJPYnBiRZ_GrSFaWHKXJHXe1JjPNLsRm_LcACD_UsXlvQzX95oNcAH30zxZxSmYRCM0WekjjnsWwg7_1EKPh3Tugk51CabR8tI1E1OB9CbHZntOtKVFmxnWa44cPoxU5wU/w400-h375/1928+july+4+george+savile%252Bwife+margaret+savil+horse%252Bcarriage+PHOTO-aa.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />George Savile and Lady Margaret seen here in July 1928.<br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Returning now to the last two
children of Edward Raphael of Madras.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Heading2Char"><b><span style="font-size: 13pt; line-height: 107%;">Anna Maria Raphael 1778-1850</span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span class="Heading3Char"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Third
Daughter of Edward Raphael<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Anna Maria
married Henry Bertram Ogle in Marylebone St Marylebone in May 1802. There were
no children in the marriage. Henry died in 1835 leaving everything to his wife.
Anna Maria died in December 1850, only a month after her brother Alexander
Raphael. She left a number of bequests to family members and friends; a legacy
of £8000 to be divided between charities chosen by her executors with the
remainder and residue of her estate going to her nephew Lewis, and nieces Ann
and Agnes, children of her brother John Raphael and his wife Mary nee Calvert.
Anna Maria requested she should be buried <i>“in the vault of my friend <b>Admiral
Sir Charles Ogle Baronet</b> in <b>St. Peter’s Church Eaton Square</b> near to
my late dear husband. And I request my executors to erect a small tablet to my
memory in the said church with such addition as they shall judge proper
inscribing thereon that my said late dear husband is also buried in the same
vault with myself.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>Besides her
desire to be buried in the vault of Sir Charles Ogle, who was her husband’s
cousin, she also bequeathed Sir Charles her house in Eaton Square along with
all the furniture and fixtures. I do not know if the burial wishes were
undertaken, but it would appear that in 1951 all those who had been buried at
St. Peter’s church were removed and reinterred into Brookwood Cemetery, in
Surrey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whether she and her husband
Henry Ogle were two of those to be moved is unclear. There is a tribute tablet
to Henry at St. Mary Magdalene Church in Whalton, Northumberland placed there
by Anna Maria. There is also a tribute table and a rather impressive tombstone
to the late Sir Charles Ogle at the same church.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<h2><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lewis Raphael –
1785-1851<br />
</span></b><span class="Heading3Char"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Third Son of Edward Raphael</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lewis had
been on board the <i>Prince William Henry</i> when his father suddenly passed
away in 1791. As a four year old, and accompanied by a servant, one can only
wonder at how this traumatic event affected him. It is evident he was well
cared for, and, like his brothers, was a substantial property owner in
adulthood. Eschewing politics and law, he chose instead to be a dairy farmer.
He first leased parts of Hodford Farm,<a href="#_ftn81" name="_ftnref81" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn81;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[81]</span></span></span></span></a>
Westcroft Farm (sometimes mistaken as West Cote Farm) and Cow House Farm in
Hendon, around 1829 from the Dean and Chapter of Westminster.<a href="#_ftn82" name="_ftnref82" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn82;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[82]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During the winding-up process on the estate
of Alexander Raphael, I have found that Alexander had taken on the lease on
this farm and 500 acres from the Dean and Chapter of Westminster himself,
presumably so Lewis could continue farming it and sub-letting it at a profit.
In 1851 the lease was put up for sale, along with a small portion of the
freehold Alexander owned.<a href="#_ftn83" name="_ftnref83" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn83;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[83]</span></span></span></span></a>
<br />
<br />
Lewis wasn’t immune to a bit of legal controversy. In March 1835 he was
convicted of passing through a turnpike without paying the appropriate toll. He
used the argument of a similar case that, as an agriculturalist, it was
important to be able to freely move around, not just with animals, but also hay
feed and manure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was noted in Court
that he was the brother of the present Sheriff of London, and maybe it was
that, that swayed the magistrates. His conviction was quashed, but at the same
time, the previous defendant, who, also as an “agriculturalist”, argued exactly
the same reasons, had his conviction confirmed.<a href="#_ftn84" name="_ftnref84" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn84;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[84]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
Lewis purchased the estate at Bush Hill Park <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in 1838. It consisted of around 400 acres of
the finest agricultural land, and it became his main farm with a very
impressive dairy herd. He farmed the estate himself, and coupled with the above
Hodford Farm and acreage, had established himself as a successful dairy farmer.
<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><br />
</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIbUK0TT9eqtoNMUGpzteg4rBilO6Sy386c7SGYFomfGEVQctBZZymI-BdxGpFAZ8IuZydIrGvgvBiaD0AWWTzjpNdJJ5GzuwKgc5qU6uaK77R5oyaYIk9yqocDLFIVaqTt6BBVMNwSGE/s839/bush+hill+park-01a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="504" data-original-width="839" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIbUK0TT9eqtoNMUGpzteg4rBilO6Sy386c7SGYFomfGEVQctBZZymI-BdxGpFAZ8IuZydIrGvgvBiaD0AWWTzjpNdJJ5GzuwKgc5qU6uaK77R5oyaYIk9yqocDLFIVaqTt6BBVMNwSGE/w400-h240/bush+hill+park-01a.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />Image: Liz Chater’s private archive. Bush Hill Park, owned by Lewis Raphael<br />
<br />
Just like his brother Alexander, Lewis was unmarried and without children of
his own. When he died, he appointed his nephews, John Samuel Moorat (son of his
sister Anna Raphael and her husband Samuel Mackertich Moorat) and Lewis Raphael
(son of his brother John) as executors.<br />
<br />
In 1842 evidence of Lewis Raphael owning Kempton Park, a vast estate of over
500 acres was noted in The Morning Advertiser when William Green was tried for
trespass on the land. It was a valuable parkland with elm, ash, lime, oak and
beech trees that created income for the family, but local scoundrels would try
their hand at independent harvesting, in the hope they didn’t get caught.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These days the prestigious Kempton Park is
well known world-wide for its horse racing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Raphael’s really should have kept it in the family!<br />
<br />
Lewis Raphael was present at the opening of the new Catholic Church in
Gravesend in November 1851.<a href="#_ftn85" name="_ftnref85" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn85;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[85]</span></span></span></span></a>
Named St. John the Evangelist, Lewis had donated £2,000 towards the purchase,
it previously having been a chapel. High Mass was conducted by Cardinal
Wiseman, someone Lewis was well acquainted with.<br />
<br />
He owned properties at 1 & 2 Argyle Street, London; Bush Hill Park; Parrock
Manor Gravesend and the entire parish of Denton in Kent.<br />
<br />
He left generous legacies to his niece, Maria Theresa Aganoor of £8,000 and John
Samuel Moorat inherited the house and farm at Bush Hill Park.<br />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><p></p>
<h2><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mary Calvert 1786-1873<br />
Wife of John Raphael</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpMXJTwTv91zsWJ2N9NJF2NFZvfxRLkw4afW9A7knvrbX3wGyKg5yZZRwdRlFYWsYPlqGFbpjxBDxkdPTLG3oJL864nagZ7ccMwEj76l7FbnLqAeIN8j65q-HZF6YRr4h3HOOcyW9iw3o/s2327/simple+mary+calvert+family+tree+chart-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2327" data-original-width="1109" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpMXJTwTv91zsWJ2N9NJF2NFZvfxRLkw4afW9A7knvrbX3wGyKg5yZZRwdRlFYWsYPlqGFbpjxBDxkdPTLG3oJL864nagZ7ccMwEj76l7FbnLqAeIN8j65q-HZF6YRr4h3HOOcyW9iw3o/w306-h640/simple+mary+calvert+family+tree+chart-a.jpg" width="306" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />Family tree chart of Mary Calvert and her family<br />
<br />
I have always been intrigued by Mary Calvert. Her background and family
history, have, so far, been difficult to trace. As we have seen, she married
John Raphael, 2<sup>nd</sup> son of Edward Raphael of Madras, in London in
1810. There was a marriage settlement prior to the wedding, agreed and signed
on the 8<sup>th</sup> September 1810, this amounted to £5,000, the equivalent
today of around £300,000. She is recorded in the 1841 census at Stockwell Hall
in Essex with two of her daughters, Anne and Agnes. When her son Alexander
Edward Raphael died in 1831 in the shipwreck of the <i>Rothsay Castle </i>off
the coast of Anglesey, North Wales, his obituary stated he had been visiting a
friend in Manchester called M.P. Calvert, an artist. This piqued my interest,
it had to be more than a coincidence; the same maiden surname as his
mother.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I quickly found that it was
Michael Pease Calvert a well known artist in the Manchester area, and I
suspected he was Mary’s brother, Alexander’s uncle. Having traced Michael’s
birth and therefore the name of his parents, I found evidence of this
conclusion in the will of Elizabeth Calvert<a href="#_ftn86" name="_ftnref86" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn86;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[86]</span></span></span></span></a>,
who was Michael’s mother. It confirmed not only Michael as her son, but Mary
Raphael as her daughter and Agnes Raphael as a granddaughter with bequests to
each of them.<br />
<br />
Incidentally, when Michael Pease Calvert married Sarah Barker in 1835, they
were blessed with four daughters and two sons. Their youngest child, a boy, was
born in 1848. They named him John Raphael Calvert, clearly in acknowledgement
of his sister’s family, and likely to be a tribute to the drowned Alexander
Edward Raphael. Michael created many works of art in his lifetime, but one with
the title “Boats in a Squall” makes me wonder if it was his homage to his late
nephew Alexander Edward Raphael. The painting was exhibited in Leeds, in 1868.<a href="#_ftn87" name="_ftnref87" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn87;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[87]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
Mary’s father Charles Calvert was an amateur artist and also Steward or Agent
to the Duke of Norfolk. Investigating the Calvert line further, there is a claim
he was a descended from the younger brother of a Charles Calvert, first Lord
Baltimore and Governor of Maryland in America<a href="#_ftn88" name="_ftnref88" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn88;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[88]</span></span></span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, I don’t think that is entirely
correct. It is my understanding that Cecil Calvert (1605-1675) 2<sup>nd</sup>
Baron Baltimore, was the first Proprietor of the Province of Maryland, the
first Baron being a George Calvert (1580-1632). Be that as it may, as well
recorded as the Calvert family are, both in the United States as well as the
UK, it is bewildering that nothing can be found of Mary’s father Charles
Calvert’s early years. No birth record, apprenticeship or residence records
appear to readily exist. However, what I have found is a number of illegitimate
Calvert children over the years, some of whom were provided for in estate
records and wills. I am leaning towards the possibility that Charles was of
questionable descent, and may have been one of several Calvert illegitimate
children. I’m sure, as more records are digitized and become available, this
particular conundrum will get solved.<br />
<br />
As an example of a Calvert illegitimacy, but I stress I do not believe it is
connected with Charles above, is the following.<br />
<br />
Benedict Leonard Calvert (1680-1715), was 4<sup>th</sup> Baron Baltimore. He
and his wife Charlotte nee Lee, had seven children. One of them was Charles
Calvert (1699-1751) 5<sup>th</sup> Baron Baltimore. Another son was Cecil or Caecilius
Calvert who was born in 1702 and died 1765. Cecil (as he was more commonly
known) appears to have had an illegitimate child, born around the 20<sup>th</sup>
August 1755 at a house he rented in Charles Street, Westminster. The child was
named Caecilius Newport and Cecil Calvert left the majority of his estate to
the child when he came of age. <i>“I do give and bequeath unto the said
Cecilius Newport an infant boy who was born at my house I rent in Charles
Street, Westminster, to and for his behoof use and benefit all my personal
estate be it called stocks or publick parliamentary funds mortgages bonds notes
or any securities publick or private as well as all interest money due and cash
with me whatsoever at the time of my death…….”</i><a href="#_ftn89" name="_ftnref89" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn89;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[89]</span></span></span></span></a>
<br />
<br />
As much as it would be easy to say Caecilius Newport <i>may</i> have become
Mary’s father Charles Calvert, by simply changing his name when he was older, it
does not appear to be the case. Caecilius Newport signed up for military
service, was an ensign with the 2<sup>nd</sup> Regiment of Foot. He was posted
to India but as a Lieutenant, died there around October 1792.<br />
<br />
So you see, as an example of unravelling just one illegitimate Calvert child,
it can change the direction of research enormously.<br />
<br />
Returning to Charles Calvert, with his society and royal connections, for me,
this is when the pieces of the family tree puzzle began to fall into place. Through
their mother being a Calvert, I could see how three orphaned Raphael brothers
from India were able to circulate with some considerable ease in high society
from a very young age, even before Agnes Raphael had married the Earl of
Mexborough. Of course, it helped that the Raphael’s were wealthy in their own
right, thanks to their father Edward. Alexander Raphael had ingratiated himself
into London society by supporting various orphan, asylum and worthy causes that
resonated with him and his own personal experiences.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This allowed him to mingle comfortably with
the cream of London. It may even have been his contacts that introduced his
brother John Raphael to Mary, Alexander was one of the witnesses at their
marriage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By marrying with a Calvert and
their associated connections to royalty as well as the Calvert’s own success in
the arts and theatre, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it gave the
Raphael’s even more of an appreciation of the arts and culture generally.
Charles Calvert’s sons, Frederick, Henry and Michael<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(above) were all artists of note. Charles Calvert
and his wife Elizabeth nee Holliday had 8 children in total, Michael was the
youngest who was born seven months after the death of his father. Mary Calvert
was the eldest daughter, born in 1786.<a href="#_ftn90" name="_ftnref90" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn90;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[90]</span></span></span></span></a>
<br />
<br />
Mary was under the guardianship of Elizabeth Colegrave nee Pease in 1808 at
Stockwell Hall. Elizabeth Colegrave was the Godmother to Mary’s sister,
Elizabeth Calvert, yet it was Mary whom Elizabeth Colegrave took under her
wing. Elizabeth Colegrave was also part of a culturally rich family, with her
cousin Ann Harper having married the briefly successful and ambitious artist
and engraver Henry Bryer. He had pioneering ideas of selling vast quantities of
his engravings in India via the East India Company. However, it was a crashing
disaster and he ended up bankrupt. After his death, his equally enterprising
wife, Ann, took over the painting and engraving business and made much more of
a success of it than her late husband. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Pease’s and Calvert’s were great influencers of their era.<br />
<br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMJfUhoPPK6yY4kUcN_iNrHziN0KfW6RrbVhpAS58jBJ0skZ4lXO7yBOV4mL-ggLcp_CAjHK-yXS816Jmz7QjQOtF33Gq8Sa8dDfElgHgD_O2g_wUk5-Md8jmYTvaN9rW5fUZ0sPhcLTc/s1458/mary+calvert+chart+guardian-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="390" data-original-width="1458" height="108" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMJfUhoPPK6yY4kUcN_iNrHziN0KfW6RrbVhpAS58jBJ0skZ4lXO7yBOV4mL-ggLcp_CAjHK-yXS816Jmz7QjQOtF33Gq8Sa8dDfElgHgD_O2g_wUk5-Md8jmYTvaN9rW5fUZ0sPhcLTc/w400-h108/mary+calvert+chart+guardian-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A family tree chart showing the guardianship relationship between Mary Calvert and Elizabeth Colegrave<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />Mary
Raphael (nee Calvert) died in Biebrich on the Rhine, Germany on 8<sup>th</sup>
August 1873, buried there just a few days later on the 12<sup>th<a href="#_ftn91" name="_ftnref91" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn91;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[91]</span></span></span></span></a></sup>.
She had made her will on 7<sup>th</sup> September 1861 in London, only 10 days
after her daughter Agnes had married John Savile, Earl of Mexborough.<br />
<br />
The only place I have found, that gives a figure of the estate left to Mary
Raphael is from the Manchester School Register:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><i>“…….Mary [nee Calvert] now resident in Eaton Place, Belgravia,
married John Raphael Esq., and by the death of four rich bachelor
brothers-in-law, </i>[actually it was only two, plus Mary’s husband John and
her father-in-law Edward Raphael],<i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>the sum of £800,000, is concentrated in her family, her second daughter,
Agnes, being now Countess of Mexborough…”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The equivalent figure of inheritance today would be a conservative
amount of over £72.5 million.<a href="#_ftn92" name="_ftnref92" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn92;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[92]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzK8KO1UlgqaMzfkSRpTikNgNU9kxr3YDhIaWf65t39_l4dvUXr5hawHMDClMh5vjdZVb2Qoyo4nMJr7YDPyVeqO7nfm9aUIZynt8_0f_6-TCiHYYAhoGH0YGheaHugPWCenU0Qw_q9JA/s1639/snippet+will+of+Mary+Raphael+1874-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="493" data-original-width="1639" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzK8KO1UlgqaMzfkSRpTikNgNU9kxr3YDhIaWf65t39_l4dvUXr5hawHMDClMh5vjdZVb2Qoyo4nMJr7YDPyVeqO7nfm9aUIZynt8_0f_6-TCiHYYAhoGH0YGheaHugPWCenU0Qw_q9JA/w400-h120/snippet+will+of+Mary+Raphael+1874-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extract of Mary Raphael's will<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />Mary
Raphael left the majority of her fortune in trust to her daughter Anne Raphael
with a smaller (but still not inconsiderable portion) to her other daughter
Agnes, Countess of Mexborough.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mary’s
two surviving sons, Edward and Lewis were each bequeathed token amounts, but
Edward inherited Stockwell Hall.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><p></p>
<h2><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Stockwell Hall in
Billericay<br />
Also known as The Clock House</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9Z87DgW3RZhnSVIB1rhSb6yAa-YTVOax4VdG7j4P3PnLgM5H-rMDqJwbhyphenhyphenXitX4CFJAF0lGfqxQemt_YPVn89iy9-Cydnh7eczLI0HGAOYQ2uYsiuZ9TSHJG_bRMeWXFcBF_FNsKVWoI/s1588/stockwell+hall+little+burstead+-+historic+england+website-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1038" data-original-width="1588" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9Z87DgW3RZhnSVIB1rhSb6yAa-YTVOax4VdG7j4P3PnLgM5H-rMDqJwbhyphenhyphenXitX4CFJAF0lGfqxQemt_YPVn89iy9-Cydnh7eczLI0HGAOYQ2uYsiuZ9TSHJG_bRMeWXFcBF_FNsKVWoI/w400-h261/stockwell+hall+little+burstead+-+historic+england+website-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />Image courtesy of Historic England. Stockwell Hall, Little Burstead, also known
as the Clock House.<br />
<br />
The earliest record I have been able to find for Stockwell Hall is a sale notice
in September 1786. It was then in the tenancy of a John Clarke. The sale itself
was scheduled for the 28<sup>th</sup> September that year, and it was, by all
accounts, a most luxurious property.<br />
<br />
<i>“Bursted, Essex. By Mr. Spurrier at Garraway’s Coffee House, Exchange Alley,
Cornhill on Thursday, the 28<sup>th</sup> instant at two o’clock. A freehold
estate, consisting of a spacious convenient MANSION, called STOCKWELL HALL,
otherwise the Clock-House, with suitable OFFICES, and GARDEN, PLEASURE GROUNDS,
FISH-PONDS, Dove House etc., and eighteen acres of rich meadow land adjoining
(the whole upwards of 20) very pleasantly and healthfully situate at BURSTED,
in ESSEX, and are now in the occupation of John Clarke Esq., who will quit at
Michaelmas. The premises are distance from London 23 miles; from Brentwood
five; and from Billericay a mile and a half; command extensive and beautiful
prospects, including the Thames, the County of Kent etc.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>May be viewed by leave of the tenant. Printed
particulars may be had ten days prior to the sale; of Mr. Walton, Attorney at
Law, Saffron Waldon; Mr. Mitchell, Attorney, Shire Lane, Carey Street; and of
Mr. Spurrier, Copthall Court, Throgmorton Street, by each of whom offers a
private contract will be received.”<br />
<br />
</i>The property was purchased by Robert Colegrave<a href="#_ftn93" name="_ftnref93" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn93;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[93]</span></span></span></span></a>,
who had only recently married for a 2<sup>nd</sup> time to Elizabeth Pease in
1786. As previously mentioned, In 1808, Elizabeth Colegrave was noted as
guardian to Mary Calvert who was living with her at Stockwell Hall.<a href="#_ftn94" name="_ftnref94" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn94;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[94]</span></span></span></span></a>
Robert Colegrave having died there in 1801, he was buried at Ingatestone,
Essex, close to the graves of his children and mother.<a href="#_ftn95" name="_ftnref95" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn95;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[95]</span></span></span></span></a>
Stockwell Hall devolved to his widow Elizabeth (nee Pease) and she continued to
live there until her death in September 1818. In her will, she had left
instructions to be buried close to her husband Robert and her parents, assuming
she should die in Essex. As she had died in Margate, her instructions were for
a simple, no fuss funeral with no mourning. Elizabeth was buried on the 21<sup>st</sup>
September 1818 at St. John the Baptist Church, Thanet. As an aside and unrelated
to the Colegrave’s, John Thompson Bull, a Justice of the Peace for Essex, was a
tenant of Stockwell Hall in the 1820s. By now Mary Calvert had married John
Raphael. On the death of Elizabeth Colegrave (nee Pease), whom I believe must
have been a relative of some sort, she left Stockwell Hall to Mary Raphael. She
also directed that Mary Raphael establish if a painting in her possession, was
in fact a genuine Titian. </span><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I hereby direct my executors hereinafter named
to sell and dispose of my picture of </span><span class="3l3x">Ecce Homo</span></i><a href="#_ftn96" name="_ftnref96" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn96;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[96]</span></span></span></span></a><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span class="3l3x">[behold the man]</span></i><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> if painted by Titian for the best
price that can be obtained..</span></i><a href="#_ftn97" name="_ftnref97" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn97;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[97]</span></span></span></span></span></a><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Elizabeth Colegrave also made
Alexander Raphael of Thames Ditton one of her executors. Meanwhile, Mary Raphael
can be found living at Stockwell Hall in 1841 with her two young daughters
Agnes and Mary. By 1844 the house was once again put up to be let.<br />
<br />
</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2CnZgimnEUN0x3IuIzkS0VvAwI6wZnAYiCxL6MCH530N5nYk0QbxHuM14BGHCEncxTx67341j9DrQ258ZI7hd_40-PHu7Z4c5d2uoJRigVtkQNHKGDB2vNfP9yeyUod8MNM63Hsjpcgk/s849/1844+stockwell+hall+to+be+let-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="366" data-original-width="849" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2CnZgimnEUN0x3IuIzkS0VvAwI6wZnAYiCxL6MCH530N5nYk0QbxHuM14BGHCEncxTx67341j9DrQ258ZI7hd_40-PHu7Z4c5d2uoJRigVtkQNHKGDB2vNfP9yeyUod8MNM63Hsjpcgk/w400-h173/1844+stockwell+hall+to+be+let-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_5WktxWEQ6n350Oq6HYInmSbeOh8kPERJP1CQnvuxM2qHFVWK3rthGWX4XwqU6slYNpFXxWobjRF7nwHt3T_VORiaAQ-cLGZ8zQYporc-K-e3X9TXOwSaJeFdG-PtQ8vbSaNmD-RgAcA/s658/1846+stockwell+hall+selling+their+hay-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="545" data-original-width="658" height="331" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_5WktxWEQ6n350Oq6HYInmSbeOh8kPERJP1CQnvuxM2qHFVWK3rthGWX4XwqU6slYNpFXxWobjRF7nwHt3T_VORiaAQ-cLGZ8zQYporc-K-e3X9TXOwSaJeFdG-PtQ8vbSaNmD-RgAcA/w400-h331/1846+stockwell+hall+selling+their+hay-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
From this advert in 1846 it can be seen the land was always managed.</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ownership
of Stockwell Hall was now firmly with Mary Raphael between 1818 and 1873 when
she died. After her death, the property was bequeathed to her son, Edward
Raphael. However, he remained the owner only for a short period, dying in 1888,
and he subsequently bequeathed the house to his spinster sister, Anne Raphael,
who only enjoyed ownership for a year. When she died in 1889, she bequeathed
ownership of Stockwell Hall to her sister, Agnes, Countess of Mexborough for
life, with the property being bequeathed to Agnes’s son John Henry Savile for
life upon the death of Agnes. Subsequently each first born son of John Henry
Savile’s family was to inherit the property, this is how the Savile family came
to own Stockwell Hall. However, John Henry’s residential preference was
Yorkshire, leaving Stockwell Hall the residence of his sister Lady Mary Louisa
Savile who had lived there for a number of years. Her death in July 1945 and
his in September 1945 prompted the sale of the property <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>contents which took place in 1946. A glance at
the advertisement shows what an incredibly rich and varied collection of
furniture the house possessed. It wasn’t something that was cleared out very
quickly, as further sale notices for the contents were still being placed in
1950 by the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Earl of Mexborough.<br />
</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil5SlY1Jg3QKVFIeGdlrF32RdF5Ms_7pdbCwmsidA2KRdZ1KdJDIStStJx-4hmXdQnfdqmmujzEvzQkH7eJnufiGcvJTJS5tp1grcHTuTL4lauAKvG-RgbmqCdeybnYJmihWsjJNcBfYM/s986/1946+april+12+Stockwell+Hall+up+for+auction+%252B+furntiture+of+Lady+Mary+Savile-aa.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="986" data-original-width="372" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil5SlY1Jg3QKVFIeGdlrF32RdF5Ms_7pdbCwmsidA2KRdZ1KdJDIStStJx-4hmXdQnfdqmmujzEvzQkH7eJnufiGcvJTJS5tp1grcHTuTL4lauAKvG-RgbmqCdeybnYJmihWsjJNcBfYM/w151-h400/1946+april+12+Stockwell+Hall+up+for+auction+%252B+furntiture+of+Lady+Mary+Savile-aa.jpg" width="151" /></a></div><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
<br />
Stockwell Hall Timeline<br />
<br />
1786 – Tenant John Clark<br />
1786 – Purchased by Robert Colegrave<br />
1801 – On the death of Robert Colegrave it became the property of his widow
Elizabeth<br />
1818 – On the death of Elizabeth Colegrave it became the property of her ward,
Mary Raphael nee Calvert<br />
1820 – Occupied by tenant John Thompson Bull, Justice of the Peace, Essex<br />
1841 – Occupied by owner Mary Raphael and her daughters Anne and Agnes<br />
1844 – The property was advertised “to let for the season or longer”<br />
1849 – The property was advertised “to be let on a lease”<br />
1850-1873 - The property continued to be occupied by tenants<br />
1873 – On the death of Mary Raphael it became the property of her son Edward
Raphael<br />
1888 – On the death of Edward Raphael it became the property of his sister Anne
Raphael<br />
1889 – On the death of Anne Raphael it became the property of her sister,
Agnes, who by now was the Countess of Mexborough<br />
1898 – On the death of Agnes, Countess of Mexborough it became the property of
her son John Henry Savile. <br />
1920 – John Henry Savile sold Stockwell Hall to his sister Lady Mary Louisa
Savile<a href="#_ftn98" name="_ftnref98" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn98;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[98]</span></span></span></span></a>
<a href="#_ftn99" name="_ftnref99" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn99;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[99]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
1945 – John Henry Savile and Lady Mary Louisa Savile died within 2 months of
each other. The executors of Lady Mary Savile auctioned the contents of the
house in May 1946<br />
1950 – Further auctions of the contents took place<br />
1955 – Stockwell Hall became a grade II listed building<br />
1978 – Stockwell Hall still in the possession of the Trustees of the Earl of
Mexborough<br />
1988 – Purchased by Mr. and Mrs. Mudd<br />
1997 – The property was put up for sale<br />
1999 – The property was put up for sale<br />
<br />
Throughout this story on the Raphael’s I have listed just <i>some </i>of the
properties they owned. What has become clear to me as I researched for this
article, is they were exceptionally prolific property owners, particularly
along the south coast of England, possessing a portfolio that would impress
even in present day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alexander Raphael
was the most strategic of purchasers, doing so to ensure he had voting rights
and a political foothold in his property areas. Occasionally sold on, but mainly
bequeathed, each Raphael ensured the financial stability and continued fortune
for their family. The London town houses were always well proportioned and
statement pieces, and the country properties were substantial, imposing houses
and mansions.<br />
<br />
It is my belief that the wealth the Raphael’s of Madras brought with them, via
the early demise of their father Edward Raphael, has been grossly
under-estimated. In particular, the contribution to the Mexborough finances via
Agnes, Countess of Mexborough nee Raphael, who inherited from her two bachelor
uncles, Alexander and Lewis; as well as her father John; her aunt Anna Maria
Ogle (nee Raphael); and her grandfather Edward Raphael, made her a most
attractive catch. It wasn’t just the inherited money she brought to the
marriage, it was all the very smart investments that had been made over the
years, such as stocks in the East India Company and the Bank of England, as
well as the large portfolio of properties and their respective incomes that
made her stand out. She continued to accrue independent wealth with
inheritances from her six siblings, all, except brother Lewis Raphael, remained
single, and even Lewis made sure the Mexborough nephews and nieces inherited
from him, eventually.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, such was the impact the Raphael’s had in Kent, owning vast swathes
of land including the entire parish of Denton, as well as their presence in
Gravesend; supporting the local community, school, church, the workhouse, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it is a little recognized fact that Raphael
Road, Gravesend was named after them. Yet local history to the area knows
little or nothing about the family.<br />
<br />
Having made such an impact in the Home Counties for very nearly 100 years, today,
we find the Raphael name has long been absorbed in with the history of the
Mexborough’s; their role in the family story is small, standing in the shadow
of the long Mexborough lineage. After the death of their father, Alexander,
Lewis and John each made a future for themselves, but as foreigners did they
suffer as they tried to become part of the English class system? I believe they
did. As Armenians who were proud of their heritage, it was hardly ever
acknowledged. Moreover, as Catholics they were sometimes looked down on and of
course, there was the constant mis-labelling of them as Jews.<br />
<br />
Agnes was the only one of her siblings who had off-spring, after her death the
Raphael fortunes were inherited by her Mexborough children, and continues to be
enjoyed by living descendants today. 18<sup>th</sup> and 19<sup>th</sup>
century sailing ships trading the routes of Canton, Manila, China, Madras, Calcutta,
Surat, Bombay, Julfa; carrying raw cottons, silks and other commodities and
maybe even opium, all had a part to play in the lives of the present day family
of the 21<sup>st</sup> century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it
was all because of a stubborn man who didn’t want to give up his bed on a ship.<br />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />Footnote: A
word of caution. This Raphael family should not be confused with the Jewish
Raphael family who were contemporaries of Alexander, John and Lewis, also
living in London. The other family were the founders of the Raphael Bank and
made the fortunes and lifestyles of the Armenian Raphael’s look rather tame. Whilst
researching for this story, I have discovered numerous references where family
members from both dynasties have been confused and merged. I have observed
timelines mixed up as well as occupations, faith, wives, children and legacies.
</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAJ-fBhwj8iQFEk8wqlB7HAO9HL5b890SmcMnfs2hMXIvx6uR1PNc-APP1hf2_z8N3VlDnJtTbRbKQgHaNgvvoem1Mj8KJeODrfHP4GvJtzdHWWmqfW4eqwEltRNkDdG6ve2NQS6_MaDs/s480/alexander+raphael+coat+of+arms+in+the+stained+glass+window+of+st+raphael+church+kingston-a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="343" data-original-width="480" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAJ-fBhwj8iQFEk8wqlB7HAO9HL5b890SmcMnfs2hMXIvx6uR1PNc-APP1hf2_z8N3VlDnJtTbRbKQgHaNgvvoem1Mj8KJeODrfHP4GvJtzdHWWmqfW4eqwEltRNkDdG6ve2NQS6_MaDs/w640-h458/alexander+raphael+coat+of+arms+in+the+stained+glass+window+of+st+raphael+church+kingston-a.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /> </span></span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The coat of arms incorporated into the stained-glass window of St. Raphael’s
Church, Kingston, Surrey. <br />
<br />
Alexander left a legacy; a lasting legacy, full of clues for his love of
beautiful Armenia.</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">© Liz Chater 2020</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
See British Library <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>L/AG/34/29/194/40 for the complete will</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Canton presentation paper 2013 of Edward Raphael, <i>Edward Raphael
Gharamiants: A Microhistory of an Armenian Merchant in the Guangzhou-Manila
Trade</i>, Professor Sebouh Aslanian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">BL: Inventory-Accounts
L/AG/34/27/17/107</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sargis
Teodorian, Patmut'iwn Muratean ev Haykazean varzharanats' ev Mkhitarean
Abbayits' [History of the Muratean and Haykazean Colleges and of the Mkhitarist
Abbots] (Paris, 1866), 44-45.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>
Captain Thomas Williamson, The East India Vade-Mecum: or, Complete Guide to
Gentlemen intended for the Civil, Military, or Naval service of the Hon. East
India Company, London, 1810, 70-71<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
Jackson’s <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Oxford Journal, 2<sup>nd</sup>
July 1791</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kentish Gazette 1<sup>st</sup> July
1791</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Canton presentation paper 2013 of Edward Raphael, <i>Edward Raphael
Gharamiants: A Microhistory of an Armenian Merchant in the Guangzhou-Manila
Trade</i>, Professor Sebouh Aslanian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The full will can be found at the
BL: L/AG/34/29/216/27</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" style="color: #1f3763; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 127;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>
<span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Freedom of the City Admission Papers, 1681-1930</span></div>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Globe 21<sup>st</sup> August
1834</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sun (London) 1<sup>st</sup> January
1935<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Morning Advertiser 12<sup>th</sup>
September 1834<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Exeter and Plymouth Gazette 20<sup>th</sup>
September 1834.</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Morning Advertiser 3 October 1834</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kingston History Research</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The press doggedly persisted with
their incorrect claim Alexander was Jewish, as we clearly already know, he was
not.</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn18" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a>
It was reported in the Dundee, Perth and Cupar Advertiser of 21 February 1860
that <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Alexander Raphael gained
access and had undertaken some research at the Vatican Library in Rome</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn19" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">That is the equivalent today of in
excess of £1 million</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn20" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Calculated using Measuring Worth</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn21" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Builder, 18<sup>th</sup>
December 1847</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn22" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A Topographical History of Surrey
1850</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn23" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">London Evening Standard 20<sup>th</sup>
December 1847</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn24" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[24]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Morning Post 22<sup>nd</sup>
February 1847</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn25" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[25]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Examiner 23<sup>rd</sup>
November 1850</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn26" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[26]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I have written to Kingston History Research</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn27" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[27]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">My thanks to Karen Mkrtychan from
the Indo-Armenian Friendship NGO and Indian Armenian Cultural Centre Armenia
for the full translation</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn28" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[28]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Armenian Settlements in India, Anne
Basil</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn29" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[29]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Tablet 17<sup>th</sup> August
1850</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn30" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[30]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The London Gazette 31<sup>st</sup>
December 1850</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn31" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[31]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ErMHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA43&dq=%22canton+house%22+120+london+road+brighton&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjKyfzx-u_rAhWMSBUIHY4KBKMQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=%22canton%20house%22%20120%20london%20road%20brighton&f=false">https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ErMHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA43&dq=%22canton+house%22+120+london+road+brighton&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjKyfzx-u_rAhWMSBUIHY4KBKMQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=%22canton%20house%22%20120%20london%20road%20brighton&f=false</a></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn32" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[32]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">London Evening Standard 10<sup>th</sup>
September 1839</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn33" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<h1><a href="#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[33]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">UK, Articles of Clerkship, 1756-1874 for John
Raphael</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></h1>
</div>
<div id="ftn34" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[34]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Freedom of the City
Admission Papers, 1681-1930</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn35" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[35]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1836/feb/16/carlow-election-mr-oconnell-and-mr">https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1836/feb/16/carlow-election-mr-oconnell-and-mr</a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn36" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[36]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">London Courier 27<sup>th</sup>
November 1838</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn37" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[37]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">London, England, Church of England Deaths and Burials, 1813-2003 for
Charles John Frederick Malo</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn38" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[38]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Circumstantial Narrative of the
Wreck of the Rothsay Castle Steam Packet On Her Passage from Liverpool to
Beamaris Aug. 17<sup>th</sup>, 1831, by Joseph Adshed.</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn39" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[39]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Berkshire Chronicle 11<sup>th</sup>
February 1832</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn40" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[40]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> John Bull
(London, England),Saturday, May 01, 1841</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn41" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[41]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kelly’s Directory 1882</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn42" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[42]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1881 Census</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn43" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[43]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Times, 11 August 1834</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn44" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn44;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[44]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Electoral registers Kent 1832-1932</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn45" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn45;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[45]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Gentlewoman, February 1905</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn46" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn46;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[46]</span></span></span></span></a> <span class="pathtext">1891 Kelly´s Directory of Kent, Surrey & Sussex (Pt 1 Kent)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn47" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn47;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[47]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daily Telegraph & Courier 19
June 1908</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn48" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn48;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[48]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Electoral registers Kent 1832-1932</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn49" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#_ftnref49" name="_ftn49" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn49;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[49]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">England & Wales, National Probate Calendar
(Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1995</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></div>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn50" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref50" name="_ftn50" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn50;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[50]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Royal Commission on Coast Erosion.
Volume I. Part II. Minutes of Evidence and Appendices etc. 1907. Schedule of
Lettings of Foreshore p.71. Lewis Raphael was granted the lease to part of the
foreshore at Rustington on 5<sup>th</sup> April 1901 for 21 years for “10
Shillings and royalty of 4d a ton on stones and shingle removed, but if the
price exceeded 8d a ton then royalty to be half gross selling price.”</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn51" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#_ftnref51" name="_ftn51" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn51;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri Light",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[51]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sessional Papers, Volume 21.
</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">By Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons,
p.98</span><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn52" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref52" name="_ftn52" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn52;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[52]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">My thanks to Woodvale Cemetery for
kindly furnishing me with the burial details.</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn53" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref53" name="_ftn53" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn53;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[53]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Will of Anne Raphael</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn54" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p style="text-align: left;"><a href="#_ftnref54" name="_ftn54" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn54;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[54]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Read the full account of their travels in “</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Eothen, Or, Traces of
Travel Brought Home from the East”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">By
Alexander William Kinglake</span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn55" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref55" name="_ftn55" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn55;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[55]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Character description of Agnes,
Countess of Mexborough extracted from The Free Lance, November 1900</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn56" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref56" name="_ftn56" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn56;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[56]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Clifton Society 5<sup>th</sup>
January 1899</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn57" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref57" name="_ftn57" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn57;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[57]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">All present day valuations are
calculated using Measuring Worth</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn58" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref58" name="_ftn58" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn58;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[58]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Gentlewoman, 28<sup>th</sup> May
1898</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn59" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="#_ftnref59" name="_ftn59" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn59;" title=""><sup><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[59]</span></sup></span></span></sup></a><sup><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></sup><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">England & Wales, Civil Divorce Records, 1858-1918</span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn60" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref60" name="_ftn60" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn60;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[60]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sheffield Daily Telegraph 26<sup>th</sup>
October 1920</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn61" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref61" name="_ftn61" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn61;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[61]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daily Mirror 23<sup>rd</sup> July
1930</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn62" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref62" name="_ftn62" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn62;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[62]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">He died on 25<sup>th</sup> March
1899. At the time of his death he was apparently acting as Honorary
Aide-de-Camp to General Miller of Iloilo.[Reuters, Washington]</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn63" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref63" name="_ftn63" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn63;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[63]</span></span></span></span></a> Fort
Wayne News 24 June 1899<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn64" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref64" name="_ftn64" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn64;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[64]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">32 Dover Street had been the
residence of Lady Anne’s aunt, Anne Raphael up to her death in 1889. The family
appear to have made certain that the property was reused for their benefit as
well as the ladies of London. Dover Street was dominated by the Saviles.</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn65" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="#_ftnref65" name="_ftn65" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn65;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[65]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"> Evening Mail 23 April 1900</span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn66" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref66" name="_ftn66" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn66;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[66]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Passenger list S.S. Majestic,
Southampton to New York January 1913</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn67" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref67" name="_ftn67" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn67;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[67]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">London Evening News 4<sup>th</sup>
May 1914</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn68" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref68" name="_ftn68" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn68;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[68]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Western Daily Mail 23<sup>rd</sup>
May 1914</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn69" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref69" name="_ftn69" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn69;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[69]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Naturalisation record National
Archives Kew, London. Also London Gazette notice 5<sup>th</sup> July 1918
p.7955.</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn70" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref70" name="_ftn70" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn70;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[70]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leeds Mercury 9<sup>th</sup>
September 1922</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn71" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref71" name="_ftn71" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn71;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[71]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Western Daily Express 16<sup>th</sup>
July 1923</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn72" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref72" name="_ftn72" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn72;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[72]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daily Mirror 4<sup>th</sup> August
1923<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn73" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref73" name="_ftn73" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn73;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[73]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leeds Mercury 6<sup>th</sup> August
1923</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn74" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref74" name="_ftn74" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn74;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[74]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sunday Mirror 23<sup>rd</sup> August
1925</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn75" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref75" name="_ftn75" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn75;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[75]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sunday Mirror 23<sup>rd</sup> August
1925</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn76" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref76" name="_ftn76" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn76;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[76]</span></span></span></span></a>
Westminster Gazette 14<sup>th</sup> September 1925<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn77" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p style="text-align: left;"><a href="#_ftnref77" name="_ftn77" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn77;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[77]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Douglas Daily Dispatch 03 September 1927</span><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn78" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref78" name="_ftn78" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn78;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[78]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I actually
think this is probably </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Skaftárósviti</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn79" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref79" name="_ftn79" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn79;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[79]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Washington C.H. Herald 31<sup>st</sup> August 1928</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn80" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref80" name="_ftn80" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn80;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[80]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bicester Herald 20<sup>th</sup> June
1902</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn81" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref81" name="_ftn81" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn81;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[81]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hendon Courier, 7<sup>th</sup> April
1887</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn82" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref82" name="_ftn82" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn82;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[82]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The History and Topography of the
Parish of Hendon, 1890</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn83" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref83" name="_ftn83" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn83;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[83]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Morning Chronicle 19<sup>th</sup>
May 1851</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn84" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref84" name="_ftn84" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn84;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[84]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Examiner, 8<sup>th</sup> March
1835</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn85" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref85" name="_ftn85" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn85;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[85]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Tablet 1 November 1851</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn86" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p style="text-align: left;"><a href="#_ftnref86" name="_ftn86" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn86;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[86]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><a href="https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=5111" title="England & Wales, Prerogative Court of Canterbury Wills, 1384-1858"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Prerogative Court of Canterbury Wills, 1384-1858</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn87" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref87" name="_ftn87" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn87;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[87]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">National Exhibition of Works of Art
at Leeds, 1868, Official Catalogue, p.80</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn88" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref88" name="_ftn88" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn88;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[88]</span></span></span></span></a>
Extracted from the summary family biography of student Michael Pease Calvert. <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Admissions Register of
Manchester School, 1868, Vol. 1 p.21</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn89" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref89" name="_ftn89" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn89;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[89]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Prerogative Court of Canterbury
Wills, 1384-1858</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn90" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref90" name="_ftn90" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn90;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[90]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">[Manchester] City News Notes and
Queries Pt II, April-June 1878, p.183</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn91" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p style="text-align: left;"><a href="#_ftnref91" name="_ftn91" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn91;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[91]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Baden, Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages, and
Burials, 1502-1985</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn92" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref92" name="_ftn92" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn92;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[92]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Calculated using Measuring Worth</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn93" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref93" name="_ftn93" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn93;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[93]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">His family were well known, and
owned a number of properties including Cann Hall</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn94" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref94" name="_ftn94" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn94;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[94]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The will of Bridget Colegrave</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn95" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref95" name="_ftn95" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn95;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[95]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The will of Robert Colegrave</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn96" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref96" name="_ftn96" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn96;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[96]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">My thanks to David Atkinson who was
able to decipher the undecipherable and tell me the name of the painting.</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn97" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref97" name="_ftn97" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn97;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[97]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The will of Elizabeth Colegrave</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn98" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref98" name="_ftn98" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn98;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[98]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sheffield Daily Telegraph 29 April
1924</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn99" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref99" name="_ftn99" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn99;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[99]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sheffield Daily Telegraph 26<sup>th</sup>
October 1920</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div></div><br /><br />Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-13732592201611714302020-08-14T08:08:00.002+01:002023-03-16T17:33:11.334+00:00The Late Mrs. Sonia John - Obituary<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbQQy4k3hPxzFEckshyqEkIXAk3vhU3fJ1b4u_yUIvo0oMZqU5hM_GrGHo7pmsGxsyDC6u4VlWb86CppDihIQ68yjK0SfHFlH5EYP4BmzSf08cWb1gT6twm9DaeL8nonC5uE__J-1aTGI/s1600/sonia+montage-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="994" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbQQy4k3hPxzFEckshyqEkIXAk3vhU3fJ1b4u_yUIvo0oMZqU5hM_GrGHo7pmsGxsyDC6u4VlWb86CppDihIQ68yjK0SfHFlH5EYP4BmzSf08cWb1gT6twm9DaeL8nonC5uE__J-1aTGI/s320/sonia+montage-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Montage by Liz Chater</td></tr>
</tbody></table><p>
<br />
This is the full obituary For Mrs. Sonia John courtesy of the <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/india.armenia/" target="_blank">Indo-ArmenianFriendship NGO Facebook page.</a><br />
<br />
It is with the deepest regret and with a heavy heart that we announce the
sad passing of Mrs. Sonia John, on the 10th August 2020 in Kolkata. She was 94
years old.<br />
<br />
Born in Shiraz, Iran on July 2 1926, Sonia arrived in India as a young girl
with her grandmother, aged only 4 years old. She subsequently attended La
Martiniere for Girls School in Kolkata where she excelled at both studies and
extracurricular activities. In appreciation of her commitment to getting an
education and her overall behaviour at the school, young Sonia was awarded the
"Good Conduct" medal by the school authorities. Sonia later went on
to become an accomplished hockey player and captained the Bengal Women’s Hockey
Team for many years. She also captained and managed the Bengal Womens'
Basketball team, along with many clubs during her career. As a keen sportswoman,
Sonia was a fierce competition on the Golf Course as well, winning several
titles and trophies. In the 1950s, years after her marriage to Arathoon Mackertich
John and after having worked as an educator for a few years, Sonia set up the
Moir Hall School in Calcutta. Moir Hall School was her focus and passion right
up until her passing, believing education of children in Kolkata to be of
paramount importance. The school continues to be one of the most affordable
places to get an education in the city, with many pupils from low-income
households having studied under her guidance free of charge.<br />
<br />
As a multi-talented and accomplished person, Sonia also succeeded in her
entrepreneurial skills, successfully running a hotel with her husband for many
years. Her "Carlton Hotel" was one of the many Armenian-owned hotels
in Kolkata. As a patriotic Armenian and a devout Christian, Mrs. John couldn't
be indifferent to matters concerning the Armenian Community of India. She
helped activate the Armenian Sports Club and was elected a member of the
Committee of the Armenian Holy Church of Nazareth. In the late 1990s, when the
Armenian College and Philanthropic Academy, built in the year 1821 was at a
brink of certain closure, Sonia John, with the help of certain community
members came to its rescue and through hard-fought litigation, secured an order
from the Calcutta High Court for the school to be placed under the Management
of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin. This act of patriotism and devotion
forced her to be even more involved in the day-to-day running of the Armenian
College & Philanthropic Academy (ACPA) as well as the Armenian Holy Church
of Nazareth Kolkata for many years, taking the position of Honorary Chairperson
of the Church Committee, a position she held until 2005. She was also appointed
as Manager of Armenian College by His Holiness Karekin I, Supreme Patriarch and
Catholicos of All Armenians, a position she held on an Honorary basis as well.<br />
<br />
As Chairperson of the Armenian Church Committee and in her capacity as the
Manager of ACPA, Sonia oversaw the successful renovation of many of the
properties of the Armenian Community, including the Churches, the old-age home
as well as the Armenian College and Davidian Girls Schools, among others. It is
not known to many, that the current building of the Armenian Embassy in India
was completely designed by her. It was during her tenure as Chairperson that
the Armenian Church donated the plot to the Armenian Government and financed
the building of the Embassy in Delhi. For her contribution and service, during
his official visit to India in 2003, Armenian President Robert Kocharyan
awarded her with an Honorary Passport of the Republic of Armenia, acknowledging
her tireless devotion to the Armenian cause. She was also awarded the St.
Nerses Shnorhali Medal by His Holiness Karekin II, Supreme Patriarch and
Catholicos of all Armenians for her extraordinary services rendered to the
Armenian Apostolic Church. Years earlier, in 1999, she had been the only
delegate from Asia and Oceania at the National Church Assembly of the Armenian
Apostolic Church which was bestowed with the mandate to elect the Catholicos.<br />
<br />
Mrs John, as one of her most important contributions to social welfare,
oversaw the completion of the Armenian Church Trauma Center as well as Sir
Catchick Paul Chater ward at the Rabindranath Tagore Hospital, Kolkata, which
the Committee of the Armenian Holy Church of Nazareth financed during her
tenure. It is here that she passed away having suffered a heart attack.<br />
<br />
Even in her 80’s Sonia never slowed down, and one of many of her finest
events was the Armenian Church pilgrimage to Hong Kong in 2005 to honour and
remember the late Sir Catchick Paul Chater. In 2017, at the remarkable age of
91, Sonia, in conjunction with the Indo-Armenian Friendship NGO, collaborated
with La Martiniere for Boys' School in Kolkata to finance the erection of a
bust of the late Sir Catchick Paul Chater in the ground of the Boys' School,
where Sir Paul had been educated. As always, she was involved in all aspects of
the organisation of this magnificent event and was deeply gratified that La
Martiniere chose to honour Sir Paul Chater in this way. Not only was Sonia John
a former pupil of the institution but had also served on its Board of Governors
for many years.<br />
Sonia continued to run her school, attending and teaching there daily, right
up until the COVID pandemic crisis hit in March. Life at the Armenian Community
in Kolkata would have been very different had it not been for her devotion,
patriotism and many years of dedicated service. Her contribution to community
life in recent decades remains unmatched.<br />
<br />
Sonia is survived by her children, Angela and Paul and grandchildren,
Julian, Maria and Noah.<br />
<br />
Indo-Armenian Friendship NGO has lost one of its strongest supporters. Her
guidance and words of wisdom will be missed greatly. The Armenian Community of
India, the Armenian Diaspora and the entire Armenian nation has lost an icon.<br />
<br />
Rest In Peace, Mrs John and thank you for everything.</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDBZqQ5pbttBhS3o4TdSDFKtp3EiRDbabXvK7k8ltVynapVAB4bLMTpT_TptGVSnl4UBvh-juuQuNlqPlodockPGVc7E7adrpDFZRLxl5W0fkzWaD0b-OiJvH8EV_LOegJFauTn20zvAR9R62KKH_8a6J9SnX3ECNugtZygy6qW_jH-Z9CVNHoxbko/s1650/JOHN%20-%20Sonia%20John%20nee%20Martin%20grave.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1650" data-original-width="801" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDBZqQ5pbttBhS3o4TdSDFKtp3EiRDbabXvK7k8ltVynapVAB4bLMTpT_TptGVSnl4UBvh-juuQuNlqPlodockPGVc7E7adrpDFZRLxl5W0fkzWaD0b-OiJvH8EV_LOegJFauTn20zvAR9R62KKH_8a6J9SnX3ECNugtZygy6qW_jH-Z9CVNHoxbko/w194-h400/JOHN%20-%20Sonia%20John%20nee%20Martin%20grave.jpg" width="194" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sonia is buried at the Armenian Cemetery Tangra, Kolkata with her late uncle John Martin. <br />The tombstone is situated adjacent to another late uncle, Haik Martin.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p><br />
<br />
<a href="https://chater-genealogy.blogspot.com/2017/06/saved-from-assassination-by-armenian.html" target="_blank">Further reading about Mrs. John's family, in particular her grandfather, Jordan Martin, and how he was a spy for the British in Persia during WW1, can be found here. </a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://chater-genealogy.blogspot.com/2018/02/i-have-uploaded-on-to-youtube-short.html" target="_blank">In 2017 Mrs John was the generous benefactor of the Sir Catchick Paul Chater bust unveiled in the grounds of La Martiniere School, Kolkata. View a short video clip of Sonia looking through my private album on Sir Paul Chater and her natural enthusiasm and reactions to it.</a><br />
<br />
<br />
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Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
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<br />Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-28543183902576260602020-08-08T07:15:00.000+01:002020-08-08T09:34:37.642+01:00Gauhar Jan aka Eileen Angelina Yeoward was Not Armenian. Here's Why.<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Over the
years, a great deal has been written about Gauhar Jaan the Indian singer and
dancer. Introductions to her early life are usually her baptism name, her
father’s name and that she was of “Armenian descent”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let’s take a look and see where that
statement originates. A quick search in Google and the first page to appear is
Wikipedia. Her name was Angelina Yeoward, born 26<sup>th</sup> June 1873 in <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Hlk46057812">Azamgarh</a>, her father was William Robert Yeoward, and
she was of Armenian descent.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
I followed the citations used for this information, and these are:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Vikram.,
Sampath (2010). "My name is Gauhar Jaan!" : the life and times
of a musician. New Delhi: Rupa & Co. </i></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)"><i><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">ISBN</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788129116185" title="Special:BookSources/9788129116185"><i><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">9788129116185</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">. </span></i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" title="OCLC (identifier)"><i><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">OCLC</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><a href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/631243857"><i><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">631243857</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">.</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">·</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Savitha Gautam (13 May 2010). </i></span><a href="http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/article429071.ece"><i><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">"The
Hindu : Arts / Music : Recording Gauhar Jaan"</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">.
Beta.thehindu.com. Retrieved 29 January 2012.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">As far as I
can see, the book by Vikram Sampath does not have a source cited, and the
article by Savitha Gautam only refers back to the book.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The next
result on the search </span><a href="http://chandrakantha.com/biodata/gauhar_jan.html"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://chandrakantha.com/biodata/gauhar_jan.html</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> states William Robert Yeoward was
an Armenian Jew. Also running with the Armenian Jew theory is </span><a href="https://www.mustrad.org.uk/articles/gauhar.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">https://www.mustrad.org.uk/articles/gauhar.htm</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><a href="https://www.last.fm/music/Gauhar+Jan/+wiki"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">https://www.last.fm/music/Gauhar+Jan/+wiki</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>also feels William Robert Yeoward to be an Armenian Jew, but also states
<i>“…..</i></span><i>who married a Jewish Armenian lady, Allen Victoria Hemming
around 1870.</i>(sic)<i> Victoria was born and brought up in India….”.</i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I do not
attempt to write anything new about Gauhar Jaan and her career, there are many
people who have done that already and made an excellent job of it. What I have
done is taken a look at the Yeoward family name she was born with and I explore
the persistent “half Armenian” claim she is so connected to.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In the book
</span><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">My name
is Gauhar Jaan! </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">it
recalls the case of Gauhar Jaan regarding a claim about unpaid cloth in 1890
where her mother, Malka Jaan gave evidence: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“</span>In
her elaborate testimony in the Court of Banaras, Malka made the following
submission:</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>‘In this Court of the Munsif at Benares (#545 of the year
1889)—Makhan Lall Vs. Gowhar Jan. Statement of the defendant Malka, a witness
for the defendant on 26 June 1890 on oath under Act X of 1873 administered by
Gouri Sunker, peon. Present Babu Bipin Behari Mukherjee himself. The defendant
gives her name to be Malka Jaan, class Tawaif, residence Mohalla, Lower
Chitpore Road, Calcutta; age 32 years, occupation: that of her class. She is
literate and states as follows:……………. ………I was a Christian at first and now I
am an Armenian; and when I was a Christian my name then was Adeline Victoria
Hemmings.”” </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEkZ0ezNzeJD1AhQIFalJ_cizor5TEf6pGOWZnf81lUd1KRCO5QhfN99P0gGw-7jwAZHRuPdk3Rvy__hS7P6kgJ3LaxCY11c_IfFrKCLO8oORTkjN7l0kjFjOa2DvbMCANq_8Sx3TH5ck/s1600/mulka+jan+via+twitter-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="787" data-original-width="479" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEkZ0ezNzeJD1AhQIFalJ_cizor5TEf6pGOWZnf81lUd1KRCO5QhfN99P0gGw-7jwAZHRuPdk3Rvy__hS7P6kgJ3LaxCY11c_IfFrKCLO8oORTkjN7l0kjFjOa2DvbMCANq_8Sx3TH5ck/s320/mulka+jan+via+twitter-a.jpg" width="194" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Adelina Victoria Hemmings aka Malka Jaan. Image: Mirinal Pande</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="css-901oao"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is a confusing and contradictory statement. An Armenian
is a Christian, they are not two separate denominations as stated by Malka Jaan.
What was she saying exactly? It would seem she didn’t appear to know. By living
in the area of Calcutta where other Armenians lived, doesn’t make you an
Armenian. On checking the Church registers for the period 1876 to 1889 for
baptism conversions (for example, from another religion to Christianity), there
is nothing to indicate that Malka Jaan had been baptised into the Armenian
Church and therefore no evidence she could legitimately call herself
Armenian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A few years
later, in 1911 there was an inheritance court case where Gauhar Jaan was
challenged by a supposed brother to an inheritance of her mother Malka Jaan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gauhar Jaan’s accuser, was a man called
Bagaloo. He argued that Gauhar Jaan was not the legitimate child of Malka Jaan,
but rather he was. He further claimed that as he was legitimate, he should be
entitled to the whole of the estate left by Malka Jaan. However, he continued
to argue that if it was found that Gauhar Jaan was the daughter of Malka Jaan,
then he (Bagaloo) was entitled to a part of the estate. Bagaloo argued that in
1870, Malka Jaan came to Calcutta and Gauhar Jaan was born of an Armenian
gentleman. As the court case progressed, no one other than Bagaloo referred to
Robert Yeoward as Armenian, the Court records refer to him as European or
Eurasian, but never Armenian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why would
Bagaloo say this?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhaps because he was
simply clutching at every straw he possibly could to try and win the case and get
the money. Perhaps he actually believed it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Gauhar Jaan’s mother Malka Jaan, probably wasn’t aware of Robert’s true
background and identity and, of course, there is always the possibility that he
positively encouraged her to think he was Armenian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whichever scenario it was, the label <i>Armenian</i>
has stuck over the years. Many books, articles, publications, news reports,
documentaries, tall stories, short stories, most stories have all claimed
Gauhar Jaan to be of Armenian heritage.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Several
days of the hearing passed, the end result was the case being thrown out of
court by the Judge. He felt the evidence given by the <i>hopeful</i> accuser
was not to be believed and Gauhar Jaan won. During the hearing, much was made
and discussed about her lineage and even though she had not been in touch with
or seen her father during the course of her life, remarkably, she was able to
find him and persuade him to attend Court to give evidence. Shaky though it
was, he managed to convince the Judge of his status and respectability. In
Court, he freely admitted that he had given his grandfather’s name, William
Henry Yeoward, on the marriage certificate with Adelina, instead of his
father’s name of Charles William Yeoward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This effectively confirmed his Yeoward lineage and he managed to brush
away this mistake as nerves. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed,
there was some ambiguity regarding how he remembered his own father and
grandfather, and even how his own name was spelt. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Robert
Yeoward, was cross-examined by Mr. A.N. Chaudhuri appearing for Bagaloo.
Chaudhuri said<i> “in connection with the statement he (Robert) made on
Wednesday regarding his father’s name he mixed up his grandfather’s name with
his father’s name. Where he should have given his father’s name he gave his
grandfather’s name.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ellen Angelina was
the name of his daughter.”</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Chaudhuri:<i>
“Can you tell me how she calls herself Allen Angelina?</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Yeoward<i>:
I cannot</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Chaudhuri<i>:
How do you spell your name?</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Yeoward<i>:
Zeoward</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Chaudhuri<i>:
In this letter (shown) you have spelt your name Zearward</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Yeoward: <i>That
is due to my hand shaking</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
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<![endif]--></span>To confuse matters even further, I believe the name 'Zeoward/Zearward' to be a typesetting error with the newspaper report at the time. This contributes negatively to the point being made by Counsel,a nd further accentuates Robert's inability to credit himself and also help defend Gauhar Jaan. In earlier reports of this case, the same newspaper used the name 'Zeard' instead of Yeoward. At times, Robert
Yeoward does not appear to come over particularly confidently, this may have
been interpreted as him having something to hide. Perhaps he did, but it wasn’t
anything to do with his legitimate daughter Gauhar Jaan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The whole of
the far-fetched side of Bagaloo’s case was deemed unbelievable by Justice
Stephen and his claim to being Gauhar Jaan’s half sibling was dismissed as
untrue<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">For
whatever reason, Yeoward did nothing to counter the Armenian claim of Bagaloo.
It would seem no one actually checked that allegation during the court case,
and subsequently over the years it has carried on being repeated, and the
blurred lines of untruths has become definitive lines of [supposed] truth today.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">As you will
see, it is hardly any wonder Robert was confused about his own parentage, his
near ancestors were far more liberal than perhaps people were normally back in
England.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Breaking
this down logically and factually, my aim was to trace the Yeoward name.
Firstly, having looked extensively at the Armenian records in India, there are
NO entries for the name Yeoward. This is no surprise as it is not an Armenian
name. There is no Armenian equivalent and it is not anglicized (like so many
Armenian names have been) to make it a Western name. In fact, the Yeoward lineage
in India stems from one English migrant. That of William Yeoward. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">William
Henry Yeoward boarded the Indiaman <i>Warren Hastings</i> in mid-January 1809,
along with<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>other passengers and soldiers,
all with the purpose to make their way to India. In all, there were 200 people
on board. It had anchored off Portland on the Dorset coast, along the south of
England for 3 weeks before sailing to a rendezvous point called Motherbank.
This was a stretch of water between the Isle of Wight and Portsmouth, in
Hampshire. Here, it waited for the right conditions as well as other vessels in
the convoy to finish preparations before it finally left the Solent on the 22nd
February 1809<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>. Other
ships in the convoy were <i>Sirius, True Briton, Cumberland, Sealeby Castle,
Neptune, Perseverance, Nottingham, Carnatic, Lord Duncan, Lord Melville, Lady
Castlereagh</i> and <i>Baring</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What
a sight those sailing ships would have been as they glided majestically along
the coast into the English Channel, onward to France and past Spain, Portugal
and beyond.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAHdUMJecW24ojCvLz_JBSV-43lLUaYMgtkBcKpV2r4Ux2Bb6eT64oR2Lm2qbSLJN7vVhKrwqxnZ8xuHzoImwYGJgq_al8H92yOfQXfqF1pjQS8IYZ7B6Vtgmfcds021ARfqpNTWHrbts/s1600/the+warren+hastings+sailing+ship+via+maritime+museum+-+Copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="725" data-original-width="1200" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAHdUMJecW24ojCvLz_JBSV-43lLUaYMgtkBcKpV2r4Ux2Bb6eT64oR2Lm2qbSLJN7vVhKrwqxnZ8xuHzoImwYGJgq_al8H92yOfQXfqF1pjQS8IYZ7B6Vtgmfcds021ARfqpNTWHrbts/s320/the+warren+hastings+sailing+ship+via+maritime+museum+-+Copy.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sailing ship Warren Hastings. Credit: National Maritime Museum, London via artuk.org</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">On board the
<i>Warren Hastings</i> were 194 soldiers as well as a number of civilian
passengers. The mixed military and civilians had 5 months of sailing ahead of
them. William Yeoward and fellow traveller James Higgins, had signed up as
volunteers for the Pilot Service in India. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The ship
sailed in to Diamond Harbour, Calcutta on the 18th July 1809<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>.
Within three months of his arrival, William had met and married Nelly Porter
(nee Nicolson). She had been widowed in 1808 when her first husband, William
Porter died aged only 24. William Yeoward and Nelly married in October 1809<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>,
but two years later Nelly eloped. An indignant William placed a newspaper
advert in the Calcutta Morning Post: <br />
<br />
<i>“whereas my wife Eleanor Yeoward having eloped from her dwelling, on the 7<sup>th</sup>
instant, without any just cause or provocation, this is to give notice,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that I will not discharge any debt or debts
which she may contract, after the date thereof. Any person or persons who may
have any claim or demands on her, are requested to make their demands, within
forty-eight hours, otherwise they will not be discharged. October 16, 1811.
William Yeoward.”</i> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Nelly did
not return to Yeoward. By 1813 Nelly had a son by a James Campbell. The child
also named James Campbell, never got to see his father, he having died when he
was an infant. Nelly only survived until 1817, but astutely she made a will in
which she made generous provision for her young son. Thus, ensuring William
Yeoward could not make a claim on his wayward wife’s estate. It was very much a
case of what <i>wasn’t</i> contained in the Will, no mention or references to
any Yeoward, only her Campbell son. Eleanor was buried in South Park Cemetery,
Kolkata<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">William
married for the second time in 1822<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>,
to Elizabeth Eastwood who was also widowed. Together they had eight children:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Charles
William Yeoward – 1819<br />
John Henry Yeoward – 1820<br />
George Milchier Yeoward – 1822<br />
John Richard Yeoward – 1823<br />
Martha Matilda Yeoward – 1825<br />
Alexander Edmond Yeoward – 1826<br />
Emelia Yeoward – 1828<br />
Sarah Yeoward – 1829<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Their first
born, Charles William Yeoward married, or had relationships with at least four
women. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The first,
Charlotte Curtain, he married in 1841. He had three children with Charlotte.
William, born in Bareilly in October 1842 but sadly died in November of that
year. Louisa born in August 1846 in Delhi. She went on to married twice, first
to Thomas Marshall in 1861 in Dacca and then later to Henry Ceasar in Benares
in 1868. Louisa died of consumption in Allahabad in January 1870.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The third child was Robert William Yeoward
born 1852, more of him presently. Charlotte died in February 1855 in Peshawar
she was 28 years old.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Charles
quickly re-married to Catherine Domingo nee Antony in July 1855 in Peshawar. It
is unknown when Catherine died, but Charles is next associated with Anna who
died of fever in September 1873 in Dinapore, aged 65 years. His fourth liaison
was with a woman who was born a Hindu<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>,
but took the name Rebecca Stevens. She was 31 years old. They married in December
1873 in Dinapore and had a daughter named Emily born in 1876. Emily went on to
marry Henry Lewis in September 1892. Rebecca died in Bankipore on the 3<sup>rd</sup>
February 1897 having accidentally set herself on fire, dying from the severe
effects of burns.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">At the time
of writing this story, there was no birth record available to view for Robert
William Yeoward. I believe he is likely to have been born in Peshawar, he was
only three when his mother died. As can be seen, his father re-married only
months after Charlotte’s death. As a Drummer with the 4<sup>th</sup> Regt.
Native Infantry, Charles regularly moved around India. For Robert, whose life
involved 3 step-mothers, it really is no wonder he was a little vague in the Gauhar
Jaan Court case.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Between
1872 and 1874 Robert Yeoward worked for Sheriff & Company. Robert married
Adelina Hemmings on the 10<sup>th</sup> September 1872 in Allahabad<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9QvFynGR-EosHhKvEa7aoslui7xHNXNhT3C0yG_bIP9eYBz8a6h5YPJ0jn8-RYVBvSpZ6O6gipoeOagX8C3YDJMlKQoDjnFFMJOF1PsfTOMRS3HNc05iupL6ZFam38iQ10Sl3zcGs-xY/s1600/n1-141-66+marriage+of+robert+william+yeoward%252Bvictoria+hemmings+1872-aa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="994" data-original-width="1600" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9QvFynGR-EosHhKvEa7aoslui7xHNXNhT3C0yG_bIP9eYBz8a6h5YPJ0jn8-RYVBvSpZ6O6gipoeOagX8C3YDJMlKQoDjnFFMJOF1PsfTOMRS3HNc05iupL6ZFam38iQ10Sl3zcGs-xY/s320/n1-141-66+marriage+of+robert+william+yeoward%252Bvictoria+hemmings+1872-aa.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image British Library. N1-141-66 marriage record of Robert Yeoard and Adelina Hemmings</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Adelina was
the daughter of Eliza Hemmings. Using the 1911 court case as a reference point,
it was claimed that Eliza set up home with an Army Officer called Hardy
Hemmings with whom she had two daughters, Adelina who was also known as Bikki
and a second daughter called Bella.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A British
Army Officer based in India should have some sort of footprint, not least, a
record or notice of how he acquired his position as officer. For instance, did
he start at the bottom and work his way up the ranks? If so, promotions were
regularly advertised in both Indian and English newspapers in the Military
Public Notices sections. The official British publication for these
notifications was always the London Gazette. Using their excellent online
search tool, one is able to find any official Government notice, including
thousands of military posts. On searching, there are no notifications for Hardy
Hemmings as a British Officer in India. Furthermore, extensive searches through
Indian newspapers, such as The Times of India, The Calcutta Gazette, The Bombay
Courier, The Bombay Gazette, Colonies and India, Englishman’s Overland Mail,
Friend of India and Statesman, Home News for India, Madras Courier, Bangalore
Spectator, British Library Newspaper collection, all of the premium Gales
primary sources as well as newspapers and sources at ProQuest, have turned up
nothing about Hardy Hemmings. I truly question whether he was an officer, in
fact I question whether he actually existed and I suggest the possibility that
Eliza was simply a young woman that a British young man took advantage of. How
can it be stated, with any certainty, that a man named Hemmings was actually
the father of Adelina (Bikki) and Bella when there are no records to show this
as a fact? It can be seen from Eileen’s marriage record to Robert Yeoward that
the father’s name is missing and only Eliza’s name is listed. This type of
recording is usually made when the bride is illegitimate. Even if the father
had passed away, it is normally recorded with the name and a note he is
deceased. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think the 1911 court case
prosecution and defence concerning the family lineage were not fully
investigated, and too much was taken at face value without independent
background checks being made. If Hardy Hemmings did actually exist, he
certainly was not of Armenian origins, there are no records of Hemmings in the
Armenian records in India.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Adelina
gave birth to Eileen (Gauhar Jaan) in June 1873<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>
whilst Robert was away in Dacca. In 1873, he left Sheriff’s and went to work
for Shark and Sons in Dacca, but that business failed, and he went back to
Calcutta where he got a position with the Perseverance Ice Company. In 1876 his
wife Adelina wrote to him from Allahabad advising him that a local pleader in
Azamgarh, Tafasnl Hossain, wanted to finance an ice factory there. He immediately
gave his job up in Calcutta and returned to Allahabad to collect his heavily
pregnant wife and child. Together they went to Azamgarh. He secured a position
with the factory and lived onsite, his family were about 5 miles away in the
main town<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>.
In October 1876<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a>
Robert and Adelina had another daughter in Azamgarh, whom they named Lily; a
sister to Eileen. Tragically, Lily lived for only 20 days. She died of a cold<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxTn5rM-zQxbRrpAhG86OIfd7eKzDcxEp-wdPBMv7NxWcaL3rIWthQBdwB_li715jlxJsirAEEvSvd4_BunEbRrG534gj0a41I70G70wbCFlzYUfC7ZZYcNvrhxQQIV9GyXAzoPPKAGJo/s1600/n1-158-217+burial+record+of+Lily+Yeoward+1876+at+Azimgurh-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="710" data-original-width="1600" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxTn5rM-zQxbRrpAhG86OIfd7eKzDcxEp-wdPBMv7NxWcaL3rIWthQBdwB_li715jlxJsirAEEvSvd4_BunEbRrG534gj0a41I70G70wbCFlzYUfC7ZZYcNvrhxQQIV9GyXAzoPPKAGJo/s320/n1-158-217+burial+record+of+Lily+Yeoward+1876+at+Azimgurh-a.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: British Library: n1-158-217 burial record of Lily Yeoward</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The court
case heard that Robert and Adelina separated and divorced around 1879, although
there were no records of the divorce account available for review.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">By 1880 Robert
became an engineer working for Gladstone, Wyllie and Co. By 1887 he worked for
the Asiatic Steam Navigation Co<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a>.
In late 1887 he travelled back to England where he met Lena Quilfoy. They married
in January 1888 in Liverpool<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a>.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfBSkaNy166Z1ABtW05Xw4rst1XFeSMaQIHv1sJwzz7aCEIkNS1GzjOVf5oI4iJMBED6HOb8wbMNg9YYiKFdWxWkVEd8ydq3jPqoLEr7NwRWRTdYjDxMTBtQbZrIRlGPacGgtgQVxy9h0/s1600/marriage+of+Robert+William+Yeoward+%252B+Lena+Quilfoy+1888+liverpoo-al.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="458" data-original-width="1600" height="91" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfBSkaNy166Z1ABtW05Xw4rst1XFeSMaQIHv1sJwzz7aCEIkNS1GzjOVf5oI4iJMBED6HOb8wbMNg9YYiKFdWxWkVEd8ydq3jPqoLEr7NwRWRTdYjDxMTBtQbZrIRlGPacGgtgQVxy9h0/s320/marriage+of+Robert+William+Yeoward+%252B+Lena+Quilfoy+1888+liverpoo-al.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Marriage record of Robert Yeoward and Lena Quilfoy. Liverpool Records Office</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Robert and
Lena had a daughter Josephine Theodora in 1890, a half sister to Eileen (Gauhar
Jaan). In June 1912 Josephine married Edward Ladbrook Hurley, a Marine Officer,
at St. Thomas’s Church Calcutta<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a>.
Josephine and Edward had three children: <br />
<br />
Alma Dorothea born in 1914, Rangoon<br />
Edward Herbert born in 1915, Rangoon<br />
Esther Marian<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>born 1916 Calcutta and
lived only 1 month 13 days dying, 31<sup>st</sup> October 1916</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Josephine
remarried in 1918 to Albert Saldana at the Registrars Office, Calcutta.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a>
Josephine died in July 1927 of pneumonia and was buried in the Lower Circular
Road cemetery.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Robert
Yeoward died in Dacca on 3<sup>rd</sup> May 1932, at 43 Grand Square, Dinapore Cantonment,
two years after his daughter Gauhar Jaan. Administration of his estate was
granted to Alma Dorothea Hurley, his grand-daughter and next of kin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alma went on to marry Alwyn Francis Mcguire,
and she eventually settled in Canada where she died in July 1982 in New
Westminster, British Columbia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Yeoward
family name is English and the family can trace their lineage back to the north
of England. <br />
<br />
Robert Yeoward had no Armenian in his blood line. <br />
Eileen Yeoward aka Gauhar Jaan had no Armenian in her blood line. <br />
Adeline Victoria Hemmings aka Malka Jaan had no Armenian in her blood line.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This is a
case of if you say it often enough, repeated it often enough, quote it often
enough, eventually the internet thinks it is true.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Gauhar
Jaan, was talented, smart, adventurous, and most importantly ground-breaking in
her art and culture, but, I’m sorry to say, she wasn’t Armenian.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauhar_Jaan">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauhar_Jaan</a></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Times of India, 3<sup>rd</sup>
August 1911, the judgment of the case</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Star, London 23<sup>rd</sup>
February 1809</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Calcutta Monthly Journal Vo. 15.
No. 177-180, July-October 1809</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">BL: n1-8-203 marriage record</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
Index of burials recorded in BACSA`s Cemetery Record Books relating to India
and Burma, P.79<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">BL: n1-12-178 marriage record</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">BL: n1-146-87 marriage record</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">BL: n1-141-66 marriage record</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Englishman 6 July 1911</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Englishman 13<sup>th</sup> July
1911</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">BL: n1-158-6 baptism record</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">BL: n1-158-217 burial record</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Englishman 13 July 1911</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a>
Liverpool Record Office; Liverpool, England; Reference Number: 283-PET-3-102<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">BL: n1-381-111 marriage record</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">BL: n1-431-125 marriage record</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn18" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">BL: n1-503-178 burial record</span></div>
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<![endif]-->Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-86215710252817777582020-06-30T18:53:00.001+01:002023-12-31T07:22:13.541+00:00Stephen Sarkies Stephen: The Dirty Divorce<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">She was young, with a family background of money. He
was handsome, eligible and charming with no money at all. What could possibly
go wrong?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h1>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Background to the divorce
between Mary Stephen and Stephen Sarkies Stephen</span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoSubtitle">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Beyond
the walls: “I Didn’t Seduce Her”</span></div>
<div class="MsoSubtitle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In January 1885 a young Armenian named Stephen Sarkies
Stephen was apprenticed to a firm in Howrah, Calcutta earning Rs30 a month as
pocket money. He worked with them until February 1886. All his living expenses
were paid for by his guardian. At the time he started work, he was lodging with
the Galstaun Brothers, one of whom was Simon Arratoon Galstaun. It was in the
January of 1885 that Stephen met Noori a 15 year old Muslim girl. Noori lived
in Tiretta Bazar Street next door to him and the Galstaun’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During the course of their developing
friendship, she generously gave Stephen gifts, such as a gold watch and a
chain. A year later, in January 1886 they set up home together in Eden Hospital
Lane, but Stephen insisted: “I did not seduce her.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Stephen stopped receiving any allowance from his
guardian in April 1886 because he could see that Stephen was not working. As
well as jewels, Noori had given him large gifts of money which he had
accumulated until it reached Rs 10,000. This he advanced to Mr. Thaddeus on the
mortgage of a colliery at Asansol; and subsequently after Noori and Stephen
married a further sum of Rs 14,000 was advanced by him to Mr. Thaddeus on the
mortgage, Stephen obtained all the money from Noori.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Noori gave birth to their daughter, Vartini on the 23
November 1887 in Calcutta, the baby was named in honour of Stephen’s own mother
Vardini, and she was baptized on the 29 July 1888 at the Armenian Church,
Calcutta<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCWvx-mZ8gZCt4logbCLmpMOPHiqb2xN19iVT-werg7wjbhf0IGbLbiblOB92mNrsJxnpHchKHTW6TMG7GxuXi1IKJQp7Yn1HeeAAe9iaZ-NOrxQHiupkpDp_p8bu1IEDlqrX2JKnUYJ0/s1600/baptism+record+1674.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="176" data-original-width="1409" height="47" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCWvx-mZ8gZCt4logbCLmpMOPHiqb2xN19iVT-werg7wjbhf0IGbLbiblOB92mNrsJxnpHchKHTW6TMG7GxuXi1IKJQp7Yn1HeeAAe9iaZ-NOrxQHiupkpDp_p8bu1IEDlqrX2JKnUYJ0/s400/baptism+record+1674.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Baptism record for Vardini aka Rose Stephen</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Vartini went on to be known as Rose. In the register
there is a short note that says in Armenian: <i>“Daughter of Noori, a teenage
girl living at Mr. Stephen Sarkies Stephen’s house.” </i>Having been living
together for nearly 3 years, he and Noori, married in 1888. Just one day before
the wedding, on the 17<sup>th</sup> October 1888 Mohamedan Noori<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
was baptized into Christianity at the Armenian Church Calcutta, and given the
name Mary George. She was 18 years of age. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfQCjNyLH9OCpSSZHV_Wu7I96VTjF_sXYuMq7FdMtV_qept3QwaIr8IyAY5lWQDgQ8h1GnE-slI2sx9tH72sBaIu_-EvDjV7zoybbvnozNmx3CXxK6TwkVorzAnBtlbgrW5-31aGd-3xs/s1600/baptism+record+1676.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="199" data-original-width="1406" height="56" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfQCjNyLH9OCpSSZHV_Wu7I96VTjF_sXYuMq7FdMtV_qept3QwaIr8IyAY5lWQDgQ8h1GnE-slI2sx9tH72sBaIu_-EvDjV7zoybbvnozNmx3CXxK6TwkVorzAnBtlbgrW5-31aGd-3xs/s400/baptism+record+1676.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Baptism record of Noori</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In a nod of acknowledgement to her appointed Godfather
George John Amirkhan, she took his Christian name as her surname. He was an
Armenian and good friend of Stephen’s. Noori was now known as Mary George. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George John, as he was more commonly known, was
also one of the witnesses at the wedding. The other witness at the wedding<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
was Martyrose Sarkies Stephen, Stephen’s brother.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is interesting to see the baptism of baby
Vartini (Rose) in the Armenian Church baptism register and just two entries below
that is the baptism of the baby’s mother Noori. I dare say not many children
can boast they were baptized before their own mother. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI55UxSMhm3fqcS2yQMnyGXeczjuYGHhtY8Wm_HYpOcOLRGbyqkRl670InsH0dywky2yITBgU1mKzhGqRDEJ8BHJ7nKjgmsESlrCzUrWt9sR9UzItMiqyLBK8miGSben3S_l6tJI85O1A/s1600/marriage+record+508.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="127" data-original-width="1600" height="30" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI55UxSMhm3fqcS2yQMnyGXeczjuYGHhtY8Wm_HYpOcOLRGbyqkRl670InsH0dywky2yITBgU1mKzhGqRDEJ8BHJ7nKjgmsESlrCzUrWt9sR9UzItMiqyLBK8miGSben3S_l6tJI85O1A/s400/marriage+record+508.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Marriage record of Mary and Stephen Sarkies Stephen</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">What possessed the young 15 year old girl to live with
a man 10 years older is unclear, there’s nothing in available records to
suggest she was ever a servant of any kind. Far from it, what is clear, is that
as a young girl she was well off, and Stephen took full advantage of that. At
the time of the marriage she expected furniture, carriages and horses and all
the trappings of a respectable married woman. What she got was Rs14,000 which
was part of the money <i>she</i> had previously given to him earlier in their
relationship, it wasn’t exactly the gilts and gold she was hoping for.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The marriage was pretty well destined for failure from
the start. In December 1889 she left her husband taking her two year old
daughter with her, and went to live in Humayon Place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the 12<sup>th</sup> December she began
proceedings for a divorce, alleging that he had committed adultery on several
occasions since their marriage, and had treated her with cruelty. Stephen did
not appear in Court to defend the suit nor try to clear his name. It was
decided by the Courts <i>ex parte</i> on 23<sup>rd</sup> January 1890 with the <i>nisi
</i>being granted that Stephen, after his marriage with Mary, <i>had </i>committed
adultery and treated her with cruelty, as alleged in the petition of Mary. </span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">However, he realised he could attempt to get money and
property from her by submitting a counter-claim citing “collusion” between
them. The counter-claim became a dirty fight. He was penniless, out of work,
and being pressured by his mother to provide a regular income for her because
she also had no money. Mary became an easy financial target.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Using an ill-judged moment in Mary’s early transition
from single to married, Muslim to Christian,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Stephen submitted to the Court that after their wedding Mary became
acquainted with a Mr. Creet, and at her request he was asked to teach her
English. After a time, besides visiting Mary and Stephen’s house for that
purpose, it was alleged Creet used to visit it at all times, and up to a late
hour in the night as a friend. It was further alleged that in December 1888,
during Stephen’s absence from the house, she allowed Mr. Creet to put his arm
around her neck and kiss her, on learning this, Stephen thrashed Creet and
turned him out of the house. He went on to say that Mary and Stephen made up
together the very next day agreeing that Mr. Creet should be forbidden from
visiting the house again. Mr. Creet, it was claimed, was guilty of various other
familiarities with Mary. That on several occasions in January and July 1889
during Stephen’s absence from the house, Mary visited Mr. Creet at his private
residence. In November 1889 she left her house with a view to going with her
mother to Dacca for a fortnight, but in reality, stayed in Calcutta and
instituted a suit for divorce against Stephen, of which he knew nothing until
he was served with the summons. How much of the liaison with Creet was real or
not, no-one will know, but it was a useful piece of leverage for Stephen.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The collusion he claimed was that allegedly an
agreement had been <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>entered into between
them, that if Stephen would promise not to appear and defend the original suit,
Mary would make over to him a house 31-1 Theatre Road belonging to her, subject
to an existing mortgage of Rs14,000, and would leave him the custody of their
child. It was further alleged that Mary threatened that if he did not agree to collude,
she would revert to her former religion of a Mohamedan, and would not part with
little Rose, but would bring her up as a Muslim. Whilst waiting for the suit to
be heard Stephen consulted his attorney, Mr. Gregory, with regard to the
carrying out of the agreement. He went to see Mary’s attorney, Babu G.C.
Chunder, who said she was not willing to make the transfer of the house before
the decree had been obtained. On the 28<sup>th</sup> January 1890, Mr. Gregory
again saw Mary’s attorney, who then refused to make the transfer, but offered
to give Stephen Rs 10,000 out of Rs, 24,000 advanced by Mary on a mortgage of a
colliery at Asansol. This offer was refused by Stephen.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A decree was granted dissolving the marriage with the
usual clause: “unless sufficient cause could be shown to the contrary within
six months from the date of decree.” On the 1<sup>st</sup> of May 1890 Stephen
made attempts to have the decree absolute granted, making the assumption Mary would
give in at the last moment and comply with his wishes.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lining up against Mary, and clearly in full support of
Stephen were affidavits submitted by Mr. George John, the gentleman who had
stood as Godfather at the baptism of Mary to Christianity, he claimed there was
corroborative evidence as to Mary’s promises in the event of Stephen not
defending the suit, and her threats in case he should do so.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Also aligning with Stephen, was Aratoon Simon
Galstaun. His affidavit likewise set out the alleged promises and threats of
Mary, and stated that she told him that if she got a divorce she would “marry someone
who was far better than her present husband.”</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Further support for Stephen came from Mr. Galstaun
Gregory, in his affidavit he stated that on the 15<sup>th</sup> January 1890,
Stephen with Mr. Malcolm and Mr. J. Galstaun called on him and informed him
that his wife had agreed to transfer a house in Theatre Road to him, and
instructed him to act for him in the matter. However, he was later informed by
Mary’s counsel she had not yet made up her mind. On the 21<sup>st</sup> January
he saw Gonesh Babu, under the instruction of Stephen and in his company.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Babu G.C. Chunder said that Mary was willing
to make the transfer, but he could not advise it being done pending these
proceedings, and would consult his counsel on the subject. Mr. Gregory
thereupon told Gonesh Babu that he had nothing whatever to do with these
proceedings. On the 28<sup>th</sup> January 1890 he had another interview with
Gonesh, when the new offer of Rs 10,000 was made.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Assuming that these facts were as stated in these
affidavits, it was contended that a stronger case of collusion could not
possibly be made out. The Judge ruled further investigations into the alleged
collusion had to be made.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mary’s counsel, Mr. Henderson stated that under the
order of the 5<sup>th</sup> of May his client was required to clear up the
question of collusion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She had in accordance
with this order filed a number of affidavits dealing with the matter. Counsel
was proceeding to read that part of Mary’s affidavit which dealt with the
purchase and subsequent history of the Mary’s house in Theatre Road, when Mr.
Pugh (counsel for Stephen Sarkies Stephen) objected that these matters were not
material. Mr. Henderson submitted that what took place as to this house before
the suit was brought was relevant as throwing light on what happened with
regard to it afterwards, but the Court upheld the objection. Further lengthy
discussions took place as to whether or not there had been collusion between
Stephen and Mary. A decision was arrived at by Justice Wilson, who said: <br />
<br />
<i>“ there was no evidence of collusion existing except the uncorroborated evidence
of Stephen.”</i> Justice Wilson also gave a withering summary of Stephen
Sarkies Stephen: <i>“……..the respondent is flatly contradicted<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by both attornies; and in view of the
disgraceful character of himself which he himself has given, it is impossible to
believe his evidence. Mrs. Stephen’s evidence is supported by several of his
witnesses, but her husband’s is contradicted by the witnesses on both sides,
including his own attorney.” </i></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In his poverty-stricken condition, with his mother
asking him for financial support, he simply saw one last money-grabbing
opportunity from his beleaguered wife. He had tried his utmost to get the
Courts to believe she had “colluded”, but he failed.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It was always thought that Stephen Sarkies Stephen
started his own coal mine from a dowry he received<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>,
but the evidence in the divorce case unequivocally shows the money and intelligence
behind the operation was Mary. She appears to have had a natural commercial
head on her shoulders. In a male dominated industry, it was Mary who had purchased
three perpetual leases of surface and sub-soil rights that had originally been
granted to coal miner, Joseph Chater in 1887. <br />
<br />
Let that sink in for a moment. An 18-year-old female who happened to be Muslim,
had purchased a coal mine. A couple of years later, she also had the foresight
to purchase land and property in Theatre Road, Calcutta. She was, by all
accounts, ahead of her time; a very smart young lady.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The mine was called Mouzah Ghoosick in the district of
Raneegunge. As we have already seen, during the course of their divorce
hearing, Stephen confirmed that he had only a small job in Howrah and that he
didn’t work whilst he lived with Mary and he was living off a small amount of
interest from the Rs14,000 loan she had given him. This he had subsequently
passed to Thaddeus Stephen. More of him a little later. </span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">After she had successfully defended herself in Court, Mary
took custody of the child Rose and equally important, she kept ownership of the
coal mine.</span></div>
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<h1>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">New Beginnings</span></h1>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In 1892, Mary (Noori) married a gentleman by the name
of Creet<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>.
I would hazard a guess it was the same gentleman Stephen had alleged she had
got close to. Who could blame her? Escaping from Stephen, who had robbed her of
her childhood and was bleeding her dry financially and living off her without
any kind of job must have caused untold anxiety to her. It was, of course, far
more the “norm” for young teenage girls to become brides at 15 at that time,
but it still must have been psychologically difficult and frightening.
particularly because she was having to endure an intimate relationship with him
at 16. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In December 1901 Stephen married
for a second time to Mariam nee Sarkies, witnesses at this marriage were
Stephen’s brother Martyrose Sarkies Stephen and Mariam’s brother John Seth
Sarkies.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Her relationship with Simon Theodore Creet appeared to
be a much happier one. Baby Vartini <i>aka Rose</i> took Simon’s name and
officially became known as Rose Creet. In February 1893 Mary gave birth to a
son, Theodore Simon Creet; a half sibling for Rose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unfortunately, Mary was not destined to see
her children grow up, she died in Simla in September 1900 aged just 31 years.
Her burial record states the cause of death as gastritis, not a condition we
recognize as a killer in the 21<sup>st</sup> century, one wonders if there were
other underlying health issues. Certainly, something had been awry for some
time because Mary made her Will on the 12<sup>th</sup> February 1900 at her Ghoosick
Colliery Kalipahari near Asansol. Perhaps the family had travelled to Simla to
escape the summer heat and give her a change of air. It ended up being her last
resting place. Rose was only 12, her half-brother Theodore, a mere 7 years of
age. Did Simon Creet have a conversation with Stephen Sarkies Stephen about the
future well-being of Rose I wonder? Was there any debate as to where and who
she would live with? If so, the outcome was clear, Rose continued to live with
her step-father and half-brother. </span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Just over a year later, in December 1901 Rose’s
natural father Stephen had remarried to Mariam Sarkies with whom he went on to
have at least nine children, all in Calcutta. They were:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pearl – 1902<br />
Sarkies – 1904<br />
Chrysanthemum – 1906<br />
Sampson – 1908<br />
Seth – 1909<br />
Ruby Rose – 1911<br />
Violet – 1913<br />
Iris – 1915<br />
Unknown – 1918</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mary was very clear in her will about the future of
her coal mine. It was to be put into Trust to allow Simon to work it for the
duration of his lifetime. He could: <i><span style="color: red;">“….receive and
enjoy the rents income and profits thereof for his own use and benefit he
paying all ground rents royalties and other outgoings in respect thereof and
keeping the said property in reasonable repair”</span></i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mary also decided what should happen to her
colliery after the death of Simon. <span style="color: red;">“…..after the
decease of my said husband I declare that the said colliery shall be sold and
the sale proceeds thereof shall go and belong as to a half share thereof to my
son <b>Theodore Simon Creet</b>, and as to a quarter share thereof to my
daughter the said <b>Rosie Stephen now called Rosie Creet</b> and as to the
remaining quarter share thereof to my <b>brother in law Arratoon Creet…..”</b></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Having said that, Mary didn’t want to bind the family
into selling the mine after the death of Simon, a further “get-out” clause made
it easy for the family to decide what to do with it, in their own time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“….And also that at the death of my said
husband my trustees shall have power at their discretion to postpone the sale
of the said colliery for so long as they shall think fit without being liable
for any loss or depreciation that may be occasioned thereby and that if at the
death of my said husband any of my said children abovenamed or referred to
shall be under the age of twenty one years and the sale of the said colliery
shall be postponed my trustees shall have full power to work the share or
shares of such minor or minors of and in the said colliery and to carry on the
said coal mining business in conjunction with the owner or owners of the other
share or shares to the best advantage and shall apply the profits thereof for
and towards the maintenance support and benefit of the said minor or minors
till he she or they shall respectively attain twenty one years of age without
being liable for any waste or loss occasioned by such working….”</span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-xNU3xnP3ul8zIGf353HnGpkhua9GbvJGk8qhQG_x4S1b6af9FSByx7jXpXYv5Wrg2da2bs48eF3yph21olvXc7qfHNisDrE1ScUhXooOnqdY7NgZZkAsz7YcYYXgktU-HD5UMuLa6-Q/s1600/CREET+-+Will+of+Mary+Creet+extract-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1218" data-original-width="1566" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-xNU3xnP3ul8zIGf353HnGpkhua9GbvJGk8qhQG_x4S1b6af9FSByx7jXpXYv5Wrg2da2bs48eF3yph21olvXc7qfHNisDrE1ScUhXooOnqdY7NgZZkAsz7YcYYXgktU-HD5UMuLa6-Q/s400/CREET+-+Will+of+Mary+Creet+extract-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extract of Mary's Will</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Simon Creet remained a widower and a single parent to
Rose and Theodore for the next 6 years. He did go on to remarry Amy Ringham <i>aka
Victoria</i> in Folkstone, Kent with whom he had a further six children;
step-siblings to Rose and half-siblings to Theodore. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy34OtjcBUXlMcrh_oYIaSTasVS14TGxmbw_ANeerWX0reR1M4wlrm-rujkZA6qyQqC-hWKhPcn8Mhjd1ANEClcZOkjJlex2s3HuNm39RU1hQmDX-o73klQnxG1RyQf9y68DlmEragiMo/s1600/1906+july+19+marriage+of+simon+theodore+creet+%252B+amy+emily+victoria+ringham+in+folkstone+kent.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="415" data-original-width="1600" height="103" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy34OtjcBUXlMcrh_oYIaSTasVS14TGxmbw_ANeerWX0reR1M4wlrm-rujkZA6qyQqC-hWKhPcn8Mhjd1ANEClcZOkjJlex2s3HuNm39RU1hQmDX-o73klQnxG1RyQf9y68DlmEragiMo/s400/1906+july+19+marriage+of+simon+theodore+creet+%252B+amy+emily+victoria+ringham+in+folkstone+kent.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Marriage record of Simon Creet and Amy Ringham</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In 1913 Rose married Leon Aviet Creet, probably a
cousin or nephew of her step-father Simon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>All indications are that Rose had little or no contact with her natural
father Stephen. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVxm2lE5hz45VdzP3gekCIRpBZVVAi6cY0oj-BaOC1Uo2-LrEtDzq79Mf_y7en14wtU5Fmff6Lw1DxLtmgwDWnVtbz8WzRWfFm9toc9F8hKC8c9oO2poNjNmPntrzKbGhAl5H8pxS34fk/s1600/1913+september+6+marriage+of+rose+creet+to+Leon+Aviet+Creet+in+croydon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="510" data-original-width="1600" height="126" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVxm2lE5hz45VdzP3gekCIRpBZVVAi6cY0oj-BaOC1Uo2-LrEtDzq79Mf_y7en14wtU5Fmff6Lw1DxLtmgwDWnVtbz8WzRWfFm9toc9F8hKC8c9oO2poNjNmPntrzKbGhAl5H8pxS34fk/s400/1913+september+6+marriage+of+rose+creet+to+Leon+Aviet+Creet+in+croydon.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Marriage record of Leon Creet and Rose Creet</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The marriage certificate shows her father as Simon and
witnesses were Simon and Victoria. They both put their residence at the time of
marriage to be Kendra Hall in Pampisford Road, Croydon<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Influenced by coal, Simon had named the
house after the Kendra Coal mine he was so familiar with. It was, after all, a
product of his successful career in India. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The family lived a comfortable and enviable lifestyle.
The house was certainly large enough to accommodate bride and groom
pre-wedding. The elegant Kendra Hall had 18 rooms. Ten bedrooms each with dressing
rooms, two staircases, a 40ftx20ft lounge fitted in oak, three large reception
rooms, a winter garden, conservatory, a billiard-room, numerous offices, large
stabling as well as a garage and a separate staff cottage. The grounds extended
to eight acres and contained an orchard and a paddock.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
The family immersed themselves in local social and political activities.
Victoria was a great supporter of the Women’s National Liberal Association in
Croydon, and often held meetings and summer garden parties to help promote
them.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQgtHDoFOKM2rFXVdR8TuusjHqg8zjbF5kqRzzLTXKtuQuV1zDqwJlxUwXZ5NV_EY8Ni_qcSut5FDpoY0e_i9aqZbtTzD194huz6Wi_p0JN81edwJj-t-hdRvkAAHGO7SmbcUx41pZNMs/s1600/1912+june+29+Mr+%252B+Mrs+Creet+hold+garden+party+at+Kendra+Hall+Croydon+Chronicle+and+East+Surrey+Advertiser-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1413" data-original-width="430" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQgtHDoFOKM2rFXVdR8TuusjHqg8zjbF5kqRzzLTXKtuQuV1zDqwJlxUwXZ5NV_EY8Ni_qcSut5FDpoY0e_i9aqZbtTzD194huz6Wi_p0JN81edwJj-t-hdRvkAAHGO7SmbcUx41pZNMs/s1600/1912+june+29+Mr+%252B+Mrs+Creet+hold+garden+party+at+Kendra+Hall+Croydon+Chronicle+and+East+Surrey+Advertiser-a.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhzbin4h3UHOlMBmYJlaytICr_fWXKJNLdQfxETddLbw2guQSE0b_1_ps9Dz5U4KQOtCdMIJq9dKJeV_Csw0ys8JxC2JqfPhDw2jjZLdNtd_tnv53QYTLRuogIRJS4jeqESnpR_VIo5Tc/s1600/1912+june+29+Mr+%252B+Mrs+Creet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1413" data-original-width="430" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhzbin4h3UHOlMBmYJlaytICr_fWXKJNLdQfxETddLbw2guQSE0b_1_ps9Dz5U4KQOtCdMIJq9dKJeV_Csw0ys8JxC2JqfPhDw2jjZLdNtd_tnv53QYTLRuogIRJS4jeqESnpR_VIo5Tc/s640/1912+june+29+Mr+%252B+Mrs+Creet.jpg" width="194" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A garden party at
Kendra Hall was held in support of the Croydon Liberal and Radical Association</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Simon Creet owned the Ghusik and Muslia Collieries at
Kalipahari. they consisted of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>three
mines; (1) Baraboni which was managed by Simon’s nephew, Minas Creet; (2) the Ghusik
mine was managed by Simon’s brother Arratoon Theodore Creet, his assistant
managers were another nephew, Peter John Peters and the young Leon Creet, who
used this as his place to gain valuable experience in mining; (3) Muslia, the
third mine was managed by a non-family member<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>.
Simon oversaw the whole mining operation as General Manager. He employed over
400 workers below ground, nearly 300 of them were at the Ghusik mine operation
alone. Above ground there were an additional 300+ workers, with 200 of them
working at Ghusik.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leon followed the Creet family into coal mining, and
it probably wasn’t lost on either him or Rose, that the Ghoosick<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>
mines he worked had originally been in the possession of her Muslim born mother
Noori, the family business started by Mary’s (Noori’s) early foresight had
given her daughter and son-in-law a comfortable living.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leon became owner of the East Satgram Coal Company
Ltd, and in 1945 produced a healthy 45,500 tons of coal<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>.
He was also manager of other mines, such as Bogra Coal Limited, and Bolompore
Coal Co Ltd<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a>
with additional involvement in others.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Simon and Victoria emigrated to Canada settling in
Beamsville. As well as moving his whole family, he also took along his aging
uncle, Thaddeus Stephen. This is the same Thaddeus Stephen who had received
money from Stephen Sarkies Stephen in 1886, which had originally been Mary
(Noori’s) money. Thaddeus went on to become a teacher at the Armenian College
& philanthropic Academy in Calcutta for a number of years. Prior to
settling in Canada, Thaddeus had moved to England and lived with Simon’s family.
His wife, Regina nee Shircore, appears to have stayed in Calcutta where she
died in 1926. Thaddeus died in North America in 1923 and is buried in
Beamsville the adopted home town of Simon and Victoria.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMLQlP7Ij7tx9mnV2Y4m7KIBMiey3spcLqv9tT1TsLW3qLzA1jHrzyAbkH0iat8xSxszAtvy4Fg0OdMfIkiwDi1NXkNv5cuWM87B6wQsIN6iOBO05tMLMmfNbnlsGcepC4Wqz9jxN4224/s1600/Thaddeus+Stephen+headstone+in+Canada.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="846" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMLQlP7Ij7tx9mnV2Y4m7KIBMiey3spcLqv9tT1TsLW3qLzA1jHrzyAbkH0iat8xSxszAtvy4Fg0OdMfIkiwDi1NXkNv5cuWM87B6wQsIN6iOBO05tMLMmfNbnlsGcepC4Wqz9jxN4224/s320/Thaddeus+Stephen+headstone+in+Canada.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Thaddeus Stephen was buried in Beamsville, Canada</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mount Osborne Cemetery, OGS#3384
(prev Clinton) Beamsville, ON<br />
image by James Wagner<br />
</span><a href="https://canadianheadstones.com/search-item.html?psid=667563"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">https://canadianheadstones.com/search-item.html?psid=667563</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">When Leon reached his 60’s, he began travelling
regularly between India and England where Rose lived permanently. Initially
they rented in Kensington Court, London, but from the early 1950’s, they
purchased 140 Westbourne Terrace, near Paddington in London. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It would become a property whose walls could tell some
stories, <i>if</i></span> they could speak<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. And, curiously, speak they
did.</span></div>
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<h1>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Good Friends Come in All
Mediums</span></h1>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Rose and Leon rented some of the rooms out. One of the
first people to take a tenancy was a man called Leslie Walter Flint who moved
into the house in 1953<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Ref43184230"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Ref43184230;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a> following the death of his wife
Edith. Leslie was a well-known spiritualist. For Rose, what may well have
started as a mild interest, even curiosity turned into something far deeper and
more meaningful for her. Leslie stayed in the house up to and including the
time of Rose’s death. In those 20 years, Rose, Leslie and another tenant Bramwell
Rogers (Bram), all became exceptionally close friends. Rose often sat for
Leslie during his spiritual readings, and over the years, they became more like
family to her. I have been very fortunate to be in touch with <i>“The Leslie
Flint Trust”, </i>and have discussed the relationship Rose had with Leslie at
great length. Commenting on her they said<i>: “Rose</i></span><span class="3oh-"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> had her own direct line to the
spirit world through Leslie's work, almost her own resident medium.”</span></i></span><span class="3oh-"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rose became a devoted follower of
spiritualism, and in some of the many sittings she did with Leslie she would
regularly speak with Stephen Ward. You may remember the <i>Profumo affair</i>
from the 1960s, Ward was a friend of Christine Keeler, a Svengali figure in her
life, who had introduced her to John Profumo. The end result of the whole ugly situation
was the tragedy of Stephen taking his own life. The Leslie Flint Trust said: <i>“Rose
spoke to Stephen Ward through Leslie many times.”</i></span></span></div>
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<span class="3oh-"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Rose was also able to speak with her brother Theo who had died in
September 1933 in Luestringen, Germany</span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="3oh-"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">. Remarkably there
is a Leslie Flint recording of Rose talking with the late Theo. I reproduce the
transcript of the conversation below, with permission of the Leslie Flint
Educational Trust</span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="3oh-"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">. <a href="https://www.leslieflint.com/group-nov-19th-1953" target="_blank">You can listen to the recording on this link</a></span></span><a href="https://www.leslieflint.com/group-nov-19th-1953"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></a><span class="3oh-"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">. Rose’s
conversation with Theo starts at approximately 4:33.</span></span></div>
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<span class="3oh-"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br />
<br />
</span></span><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Theo:<br />
Hello Rosie.<br />
<br />
Rose:<br />
Oh, hello dear.<br />
<br />
Theo:<br />
It's Theo.<br />
<br />
Rose:<br />
Yes...darling.<br />
<br />
Theo:<br />
I can come for a few minutes.<br />
<br />
Rose:<br />
Yes.<br />
<br />
Theo:<br />
I just wanted you to know that I was here tonight, you know, in the meeting,
like.<br />
<br />
[Creaking]<br />
<br />
Theo:<br />
I want you to come and speak to me on your own.<br />
<br />
Rose:<br />
Oh right, I will.<br />
<br />
Theo:<br />
I can't very well say things to you now. I mean, because it isn't permitted in
this circle...<br />
<br />
Rose:<br />
No.<br />
<br />
Theo:<br />
<br />
...to discuss personal things, but I hope you will come and speak to me, so
that I can talk to you alone, you see?<br />
<br />
Rose:<br />
Yes...<br />
<br />
Theo:<br />
So perhaps you can arrange it?<br />
<br />
Rose:<br />
Alright.<br />
<br />
Theo:<br />
All my love. And Mummy sends her love to you.<br />
<br />
Rose:<br />
Oh, all my love to her and to you darling.<br />
<br />
Theo:<br />
Thank you.<br />
<br />
Rose:<br />
And I hope I shall be able to speak to you very soon.<br />
<br />
Theo:<br />
I was wondering...if you could manage to come on your birthday?<br />
<br />
Rose:<br />
Oh, I'll try.<br />
<br />
Theo:<br />
God bless. Goodbye.<br />
<br />
Rose:<br />
Alright. Goodbye dear.</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOxt9p6yZK-XI2SegmqoO27Tlsy78IG-MHLt7QNhlgSBiaKYNNUSPq6d4ftckvIS2k7z0CeNZdOWZYCVJHDFUOM52KyUB2QtP2CbatNjebfWz1_DUU0B4TLNXfDh75z341HzHUsIRcziQ/s1600/140+westbourne+terrace+via+Collage+The+London+Picture+Archive.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="646" data-original-width="576" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOxt9p6yZK-XI2SegmqoO27Tlsy78IG-MHLt7QNhlgSBiaKYNNUSPq6d4ftckvIS2k7z0CeNZdOWZYCVJHDFUOM52KyUB2QtP2CbatNjebfWz1_DUU0B4TLNXfDh75z341HzHUsIRcziQ/s400/140+westbourne+terrace+via+Collage+The+London+Picture+Archive.jpg" width="356" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">140 Westbourne Terrace.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">140 Westbourne Terrace circ 1956. Image courtesy of
Collage. The London Picture Archive<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Rose’s kindness of nature is remembered by one her tenants,
Nick Hartley, now living<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in South Africa,</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US">but who lived briefly at the house as a young man.<br />
<br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">"…..</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I lived there in the first floor
flat, when Leslie Flint went to America in 1971 to promote his book <i>Voices
in the Dark</i>. I was interested in spiritualism and was a member of his
home circle. I was asked to stay in the house as sort of man about the house. I
worked in London and spent many evenings after work on my way up too my flat
with Rosie, I always knew her as Rosie.<br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I always
remember her sitting there in the lounge in a wing back chair when I came home
from work. I always stopped to chat. She was very kind to me. Paid for a maid
to clean my upstairs flat every Thursday and clean sheets were left at the
bottom of the stairs always with a packet of 30 Embassy cigarettes. She also
smoked as I think did Leslie. I could only afford to buy 10’s, so 30’s were
very extravagant. I am sure the little rent I paid didn't cover the maid and
laundry and cigarettes and gas and electricity I think it was 4 pounds a week
all in. That was my first trip to England when I was 18 years old…..</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">She called
me and every one “darling"…very posh….”come inside …sit .....tell me what
you have been doing.”</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">There was a
large grand piano in the lounge and a man called Mischa de la Motte<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a>
used to visit and play for her as she was too old. She had a passion for
Chopin….</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">"</span></div>
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<br />
Leon died of coronary thrombosis at their home in 140 Westbourne Terrace,
London in July 1960 with Rose by his side. She died there in September 1973.
There were no children. Her adopted family of Creet’s had long migrated to
Canada; she wasn’t in touch with any of her half-siblings (from her father’s
second marriage), her family, as far as she was concerned, were right there, in
the house with her. She had no immediate family, Leslie and Bram were the closest.
Leslie stayed with her until the end, and a few days later registered her
death, He knew enough about her to know her maiden name was Stephen.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4HaA6iMbBH4jscHn9cNcjowmfJdzvKASOw5tq_AbcHM3NKf8YXqIeOykomNBHeosxtLLB6A7zOe8gFVYvfZ1goG5iT3FrTFGwG8N3vlegy3vFv9DPnv4sHucm4CXLDqSh38EG8AKm8fA/s1600/deth+certificate+leon-001aa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="220" data-original-width="1024" height="85" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4HaA6iMbBH4jscHn9cNcjowmfJdzvKASOw5tq_AbcHM3NKf8YXqIeOykomNBHeosxtLLB6A7zOe8gFVYvfZ1goG5iT3FrTFGwG8N3vlegy3vFv9DPnv4sHucm4CXLDqSh38EG8AKm8fA/s400/deth+certificate+leon-001aa.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Leon's death certificate</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIGbOZdze9EpqCsfEE_2Mop5yIrArREwBxxFhBWQ2R0L8nqfqRkjQ47c4Ue2YQPpMkSb2CZjQjeoE2YPobtTi858KpZvtNWuvI-Bsiz8LHpprqwPtjL_PHV8uPwS_5EDkLOcL7QJ4okyE/s1600/deth+certificate+rose+creet-001-aa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="537" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIGbOZdze9EpqCsfEE_2Mop5yIrArREwBxxFhBWQ2R0L8nqfqRkjQ47c4Ue2YQPpMkSb2CZjQjeoE2YPobtTi858KpZvtNWuvI-Bsiz8LHpprqwPtjL_PHV8uPwS_5EDkLOcL7QJ4okyE/s400/deth+certificate+rose+creet-001-aa.jpg" width="357" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rose's death certificate</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNYdcKNczxTctdoFa3uf6RLAJrJmKU1ssGPic-MrkQ1aTkRbFlk6C9aha69tQHG9QVxhA1UC6x58K3WQ2pbE-85lDrZqEOr3h63lQ5YaYRsTeUgf3QRKpBj2imTgSEzUsc4_kgcLkT4bM/s1600/rose+creet+from+leslie+flint+trust-aa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1004" data-original-width="791" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNYdcKNczxTctdoFa3uf6RLAJrJmKU1ssGPic-MrkQ1aTkRbFlk6C9aha69tQHG9QVxhA1UC6x58K3WQ2pbE-85lDrZqEOr3h63lQ5YaYRsTeUgf3QRKpBj2imTgSEzUsc4_kgcLkT4bM/s320/rose+creet+from+leslie+flint+trust-aa.jpg" width="252" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rose Creet. Owner of 140 Westbourne Terrace. Landlady of Leslie Flint.<br />
Image courtesy of the Leslie Flint Educational Trust</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In his will, Leon naturally left his entire estate to
Rose<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a>.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg17EFBAHk7G5pi7P3N-fRjdI8gOZ4YA5-NiyUko6FWAueFI5qiIwjjgFi1cKvFgHiyK3E3u_BT2ygKZlB_O8g_n0XzcSibs1eGjF6ZBB1VUteBR9i5MljEkfGPkxX8BnSwCcNmk0d22hM/s1600/snapshot+of+Leon+Creet+will-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="416" data-original-width="1600" height="103" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg17EFBAHk7G5pi7P3N-fRjdI8gOZ4YA5-NiyUko6FWAueFI5qiIwjjgFi1cKvFgHiyK3E3u_BT2ygKZlB_O8g_n0XzcSibs1eGjF6ZBB1VUteBR9i5MljEkfGPkxX8BnSwCcNmk0d22hM/s400/snapshot+of+Leon+Creet+will-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Snapshot of Leon Creet's Will</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">As a widow, she continued to supplement her income by
renting out rooms in her house. There no real financial need to do so, it was
more for companionship in the house than anything else. When she died, Rose
specifically requested that she be cremated at Golders Green crematorium three
days after her death. She left the entire valuable property at 140 Westbourne
Terrace, to her long-term lodger and good friend, Leslie Walter Flint with
Bramwell (Bram) Rogers receiving a £5,000 legacy. Leslie had been lodging with
her and Leon for at least 20 years, occupying the ground floor and basement
whilst Rose lived on the top floor. There was only one family bequest in her
will, her late husband’s nephew Mario Creet in Canada to whom she left £5,000<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a>.
There were a couple of small bequests to friends; one to Louise Sumner who was
to receive Rose’s piano and sheet music, and one to Mary Coffey who inherited
all Rose’s wearing apparel, furs, jewels, trinkets and ornaments. This bequest
would have included the jewelry Rose had been left by her own mother Mary. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The residue of her estate, including the
freehold of her house, was bequeathed to Leslie. It was the ultimate act of
kindness to a dear and caring friend and seemed fitting he should continue to
live in the house that had long ago become home to him. She requested the death
duty due from the property be taken from her estate, thus relieving Leslie of
the financial burden to find it. This amounted to in excess of £40,000. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For
years, Leslie Flint had lived on the ground floor of the sprawling mansion,
which included the rather sumptuous basement cinema from where he ran <i>The
Rudolph Valentino Memorial Guild. </i>His private readings and seances were
extremely popular, and apparently, he had lengthy conversations with Valentino.
He would also regularly show films in the private cinema. [Rose receives an
unnamed mention in the book <i>Silent Players</i> as ‘the elderly lady owner of
the property’]<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[20]</span></b></span></span></i></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="https://www.leslieflint.com/" target="_blank">For further information about Leslie Flint I recommend visiting the Leslie Flint Educational Trust website. They have diligently digitized Flint’s archive of books, photographs, readings, recordings and much more. </a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghk7YqvMLAMeeGNvNqU4HH6qjKLuJxXAHHmLRWLmkVEE0NU-b990ielLzIPFfK4vtuRMzftWykScFbewvi-xeM8rsWlkLXWW0TJP2euNRKnsYinON312gARmdqK3TU8kt1n8KU7r6L4_8/s1600/snapshot+of+Rose+Creet+will-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="516" data-original-width="1600" height="128" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghk7YqvMLAMeeGNvNqU4HH6qjKLuJxXAHHmLRWLmkVEE0NU-b990ielLzIPFfK4vtuRMzftWykScFbewvi-xeM8rsWlkLXWW0TJP2euNRKnsYinON312gARmdqK3TU8kt1n8KU7r6L4_8/s400/snapshot+of+Rose+Creet+will-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Snapshot of Rose's Will</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Flint continued to live there with Bram, for a number
of years until his health became fragile. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnwhE2GgdjEc6faF5pHVSUNfctm5ubb5bmGaJWbrn1Ba4yq4sX1vloRubWbl0cQxFxCGlCDGWMgrSlZcvEfZypXKnfdm2I3D37_BVAk5Cussv1K21Xv9xnLAfdY_jorr_kYt6kZ5b8SM/s1600/Brunel_House%252C_Paddington_-_geograph.org.uk_-_541597.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="471" data-original-width="604" height="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnwhE2GgdjEc6faF5pHVSUNfctm5ubb5bmGaJWbrn1Ba4yq4sX1vloRubWbl0cQxFxCGlCDGWMgrSlZcvEfZypXKnfdm2I3D37_BVAk5Cussv1K21Xv9xnLAfdY_jorr_kYt6kZ5b8SM/s320/Brunel_House%252C_Paddington_-_geograph.org.uk_-_541597.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">140 Westbourne Terrace circ 2007. Now known as Brunel House, previously Trinity House. It is a Grade 2 listed building.<br />
Image: Wikipedia: Stephen McKay</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Around 1987, Leslie sold up and moved to Brighton with
Bram. Both men benefitting financially from Rose’s generosity, and they enjoyed
life by the sea in a large house only a stone’s throw from the bracing water
front. Bramwell passed away at their 6 bedroomed property, 5 Princes Crescent,
Brighton in 1993, leaving an estate valued in excess of £97,000 whilst Leslie
Flint passed away in 1994, also at the Brighton property. His estate was
eventually valued at in excess of £470,000. By leaving him the freehold of 140
Westbourne Terrace, Rose had ensured Leslie and Bramwell were financially
secure for the remainder of their days.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">When you listen to Leslie’s recordings, there is no
trace of Rose’s past coming through in her beautifully clipped English accent,
and I am sure it will be a surprise to many of her distant Armenian cousins
that her voice is now immortalized in the digital archive soundtracks of a most
extraordinary spiritual medium, Leslie Water Flint.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">And yes, the walls of 140 Westbourne Terrace did speak.
Through the medium of Leslie, and they told many stories.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">To undertake divorce proceedings in the 19<sup>th</sup>
century one required money and confidence. To do it in India as a young woman
who hadn’t long converted to Christianity, one required an enormous amount of
self-belief and an extraordinary amount of steely determination. Mary dug her
heels in, withstood a community rounding on her, fought for the future of
herself and her daughter Rose, and won. The coal mine was a prize she was never
going to give up. She could not have known that Rose would benefit so well from
that legal fight. Mary’s strength and resolve shaped Rose’s future. Neither of
them could predict their paths but their actions had a far-reaching effect and
an enlightening conclusion.</span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sources</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ancestry.com<br />
Archive.org<br />
Armenian Church Kolkata, Birth/Marriage/Death Registers<br />
British Library<br />
British Newspaper Archive<br />
California Digital Newspaper Collection<br />
Canadian Headstones.com<br />
Deceasedonline.com <br />
Digital Library of India<br />
Families in British India Society<br />
Find A Will, Government Website<br />
Findmypast.co.uk<br />
Forces War Records<br />
GRO<br />
Hathi Trust Digital Library<br />
Historic England. National Heritage List for England<br />
Hong Kong newspapers online<br />
Leslie Flint Educational Trust<br />
Liz Chater’s Private Archive<br />
London Gazette<br />
London Picture Archive<br />
National Archives Kew<br />
Newspaperarchive.com<br />
Newspapers.com<br />
Papers Past. New Zealand newspapers online<br />
Scotlandspeople.com<br />
Singapore newspapers online<br />
Trove. Australian Newspapers online<br />
Qatar Digital Library<br />
Wellcome Trust Library</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">13 May 1890 English Overland Mail</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Armenian Church Baptism Register
1674</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Armenian Church Baptism Register No.
1676</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenian Church <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Marriage
Register No. 508</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Armenian Settlements in India by
Anne Basil p.83</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">They married on the 5<sup>th</sup>
February 1892 at the Methodist Episcopal Church, Calcutta</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Another Armenian merchant lived just
two houses away from the Creets. Minus Stephens, originally from Ispahan, but a
successful merchant and business partner of Stephen, Paul & Co., in the London,
Singapore, Straits Settlements lived in a similarly large house called
“Lynscott”, Pampisford Road.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sales particulars in the Surrey
Advertiser June 1915</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Chief Inspector of Mines Report
1908</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The mine has various spellings:
Ghusick, Gusick, Ghusik</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Indian Coal Statistics 1944/45</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Thacker’s Indian Directory 1920</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Hlk43013040"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leslie
Flint Educational Trust </span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">BL: Will-Administration
L/AG/34/29/179/232+233</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="https://collage.cityoflondon.gov.uk/view-item?i=100154&WINID=1591885543636">https://collage.cityoflondon.gov.uk/view-item?i=100154&WINID=1591885543636</a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Recollection retold to me via email
with Nick Hartley </span><a href="https://www.hartleymanor.co.za/"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">https://www.hartleymanor.co.za/</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>who was introduced to me by the Leslie Flint Education Trust</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I am grateful to the Leslie Flint
Educational Trust for confirming Mischa’s name and supplying background
information on him</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn18" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Will of Leon Creet</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn19" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Will of Rose Creet</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn20" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Silent Players: A Biographical and Autobiographical
Study of 100 Silent Film. </i>Anthony Slide. (2002)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn21" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.leslieflint.com/photos">https://www.leslieflint.com/photos</a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
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<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
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<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I am grateful to Karen Mkrtchyan for
his endless patience at my requests to help transcribe some entries written in
Armenian, which, quite frankly, look like they’ve been written by a spider with
a broken leg. Not only is the writing invariably difficult to read, the quality
of the copies I provide him are so incredibly poor that I often think it is all
a hopeless cause. Yet, somehow, he manages to piece the words and sentences
together and between us, we are able to make some sense of something that looks
completely nonsensical. </span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">My gratitude also extends warmly to
the Leslie Flint Educational Trust for allowing me to use some of their archive
material and for sharing the stories from their records on Leslie Flint and
Rose Creet. Their help with background information, context and understanding
of Leslie and his work has been invaluable to me during my research of this
story </span><a href="https://www.leslieflint.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">https://www.leslieflint.com/</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Incidentally, Simon Creet’s niece Liska, daughter of
Arathoon Theodore Creet and his wife Maud, married into Scottish aristocracy.
Liska and Patrick were married in Asansol, close to the family coal mine at
Ghusick. Her husband, Sir Patrick Ian Keith-Murray inherited the family seat in
Aberturret in Crieff. In the 1960s/70s their only child, Sir William Patrick
Keith-Murray, struggled to make the estate pay for itself and found himself
forced to sell large tranches of land to balance the books and pay taxes. The
Keith-Murray’s can trace their lineage back to the royal Stuarts, carrying the
connection proudly through the years. Liska’s sister Olive went to live with
her in Scotland after the death of their parents. Olive died in Crieff in 1984
whilst Liska died there in 1993.</span></div>
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<![endif]-->Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-69094112418677592662020-05-12T07:12:00.000+01:002020-08-08T09:33:52.606+01:00Armenian Philanthropic Academy Examination Prize Giving January 1850<div class="MsoNormal">
Staying with my recent theme of the Armenian College, here's an interesting extract from a Calcutta newspaper and reprinted in the Bombay Gazette. <br />
<br />
Students of what we more commonly know today as the Armenian College & Philanthropic Academy, studied a wide range of subjects both in Armenian and English languages, including some great English classics.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbTNGlFA1DoLtabsQx4gwVNdn9WDVk7aczK7pOy9y5HJA-KHyzRc1IK0lWdoSJXlQwc6nOrIbHWUHBMROy_51rQOtVHREbPcLvb3Jd0tT1a6N0jF4LsVB1Bjm3H7VLH0FFEHpOqZm7TCw/s1600/1850+january+22+Armenian+College+examinations+includes+list+of+study+material+-+bombay+gazette-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="814" data-original-width="429" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbTNGlFA1DoLtabsQx4gwVNdn9WDVk7aczK7pOy9y5HJA-KHyzRc1IK0lWdoSJXlQwc6nOrIbHWUHBMROy_51rQOtVHREbPcLvb3Jd0tT1a6N0jF4LsVB1Bjm3H7VLH0FFEHpOqZm7TCw/s400/1850+january+22+Armenian+College+examinations+includes+list+of+study+material+-+bombay+gazette-a.jpg" width="210" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Source: BNA. Bombay Gazette 23 January 1850</td></tr>
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<br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">After
undergoing a private examination, the pupils belonging to this Academy
assembled on the premises, No. 10. Hamaum Gully, on the 10<sup>th</sup>
instant, for public examination and the distribution of prizes to the
successful candidates.</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The studies
of the past year, as shewen by the programme, were, in the Armenian Department
– </span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Thesaurus’
Moral Philosophy, <br />
Sauves Logic, <br />
Bossuet’s Universal History, <br />
Milton’s Paradise Lost, <br />
Poetical Works of Nierses the Graceful, <br />
James’ Natural History, <br />
Scripture History etc.,<br /><br />And in the
English Department –<br />Walker's
Rhetorical Grammar, <br />
Shakespeare, <br />
Milton, <br />
Addison, <br />
History of England, <br />
the use of the Globes, <br />
Historical Class-Book, <br />
Grammar, <br />
Geography, <br />
Arithmetic etc.<br /><br />It was only
on some few of these that the classes were examined in public, and, so far as
we may judge from ready answers, and satisfactory expression of countenance,
the examination was a favourable one, and spoke creditably of the labour and
perseverance both of the teachers and the taught.</span></i></div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The
spacious hall in which the Annual Examinations of this Academy were held, was
well filled with visitors who appeared to take a deep interest in the
proceedings. Amongst those who took a part in the examination we noticed the
Rev. Mr. Sinclair, the Rev. Ter Johannes Catchick, Mr. T.C. Aviet, Mr. Apcar
and Mr. Thomas.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The
business of the day was closed by the Rev. Ter Johannes Catchick pronouncing
the benediction.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">We had
almost forgotten to notice the specimens of ornamental and plain Penmanship,
Map Drawing, Translations from Armenian into English Composition that were laid
out on the tables and attracted general attention.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many of the specimens of Penmanship and Map
Drawing exhibited great taste and proficiency in those useful arts, and the
translations and composition shewed correctness of diction.</span></i></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<br />Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-25455679676201760032020-04-02T07:13:00.002+01:002023-02-20T17:28:10.812+00:00How the Armenian Community Prepared for the Centenary of the Armenian College & Philanthropic Academy in 1921<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicUM6y05xmDPu5j1NQJO36J8kU8IZRXgbLEFmskEvIx5JpUgZr1luSUU0u3J2y4CR_h8r2QLyKj_PK7oy9ydnPj-OufLupLnBLWtrApe4oBNqEawxRAgkb1Eqm0iuGg3FaptT57O9M_no/s1600/armenian+college+students+full+image+B%252BWa.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="321" data-original-width="1024" height="100" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicUM6y05xmDPu5j1NQJO36J8kU8IZRXgbLEFmskEvIx5JpUgZr1luSUU0u3J2y4CR_h8r2QLyKj_PK7oy9ydnPj-OufLupLnBLWtrApe4oBNqEawxRAgkb1Eqm0iuGg3FaptT57O9M_no/s320/armenian+college+students+full+image+B%252BWa.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Image: © Liz Chater</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">As thoughts are beginning to turn to Kolkata’s Armenian College &
Philanthropic Academy’s bicentennial celebrations in April 2021, it is interesting
to see how the local Armenian community prepared for the centenary 100 years
ago in 1921.</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">With ideas of new premises and a new location for the Armenian College,
1919 was an interesting and potentially exciting time for local Armenian
merchant and businessman, Carr Lazarus Phillips. He had a dream of opening an
Armenian school in the hills of India; closing the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Armenian College, and selling it off to pay
for the new one. We know, of course, that didn’t happen and the school is still
situated in the original location in Kolkata. Less fanciful dreams have become
a reality, but I wonder how close Carr Phillips got to fulfilling his?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A letter to the Editor of the <i>“Englishman”</i> in November 1919 gave
some useful background information:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">"Sir, There are few people in Calcutta who know, or care to remember,
that in the premises of the Armenian College, Calcutta was born in 1811 the
great novelist William Makepeace Thackeray, and to this day a tablet testifying
this event is placed by the gate of the building.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkJnGbL5UgKD2zh896h2bOSHTZooPR3qjXX2RmZyoQGBNfCNi4XBWKUxWDndGm4ukQZiZd1syRkI0ba4lD76tO1K9Ikvxhv-FrffKfkH3cWh2-RLdW63aoT_mMrWdvuHQeQiellIuD0zA/s1600/william+makepeace+thackeray+plaque-2a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="623" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkJnGbL5UgKD2zh896h2bOSHTZooPR3qjXX2RmZyoQGBNfCNi4XBWKUxWDndGm4ukQZiZd1syRkI0ba4lD76tO1K9Ikvxhv-FrffKfkH3cWh2-RLdW63aoT_mMrWdvuHQeQiellIuD0zA/s320/william+makepeace+thackeray+plaque-2a.jpg" width="246" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Image: © Liz Chater</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The premises are, however not only on this account historic there are
other associations that gather round so old and well established an
institution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Few people realise that
there is fast approaching the centenary of the College, and it might be of some
profit to review briefly the past.</span></i>
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Zatoor Mooradian*,(sic) an Armenian merchant, born at Julfa, Ispahan,
came to India settling down to business in Calcutta. He met with success and
when he came to adjust his final accounts, in for love of Armenia and her sons
he left by his will the sum of Rs 8,000 with which to found an Armenian
educational establishment. That was in the year 1797. He died in 1799. </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></i></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht3TNL1SySrQoW-P9QbpMyY8FSuHbtZfj0D6qyx7GxtPoLAq_tWPbzD4wuWR34CvqTr_34dXwCNSNV4unwG8aVETDq-TQaB5OjV5AWUHhxgxqQ7h5vOF-naANk5pHsrlOiYvyaekNYTpA/s1600/chater+mooratkhan+plaque+at+AC-aa.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="323" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht3TNL1SySrQoW-P9QbpMyY8FSuHbtZfj0D6qyx7GxtPoLAq_tWPbzD4wuWR34CvqTr_34dXwCNSNV4unwG8aVETDq-TQaB5OjV5AWUHhxgxqQ7h5vOF-naANk5pHsrlOiYvyaekNYTpA/s320/chater+mooratkhan+plaque+at+AC-aa.jpg" width="161" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Image: © Liz Chater</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Things moved very slowly in those days and in 1821 i.e. 22 years after
his death the school was still unbuilt, when another Armenian merchant of
Saidabad, residing in Calcutta and also a native of Julfa, Ispahan, remembered
that the amount of Rs 8,000 already bequeathed was lying idle.</span></i><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFOyVhimwEYA6IO_7C9T46HVVP93t4I8R9vMoA-H_9jnk-vLs0dtp2pCrEQOWJQzaljoyb_DxbEoxZOa4-ECCtF1gaDeRwHQDWMBOXBLGL3KxiCRIqAj_1ThDeqwWasddG_cP9U1Qz788/s1600/manatsakan+vardon+plaque+at+AC-a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="519" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFOyVhimwEYA6IO_7C9T46HVVP93t4I8R9vMoA-H_9jnk-vLs0dtp2pCrEQOWJQzaljoyb_DxbEoxZOa4-ECCtF1gaDeRwHQDWMBOXBLGL3KxiCRIqAj_1ThDeqwWasddG_cP9U1Qz788/s320/manatsakan+vardon+plaque+at+AC-a.jpg" width="162" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Image: © Liz Chater</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The name of that worthy gentleman was Munazakan Vardan** (sic). In that
same year 1821, he gathered together a few friends and compatriots and that
meeting was one of the most important in its far reaching effects ever held in
the history of our community in India. He explained the crying need there was
for an institution where Armenian boys could be educated in Armenian and
English.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Munazakan Vardan (sic) appealed for further co-operation, and we have it
on record that the little band of patriots, subscribed the sum of Rs 50,000 on
the spot, Munzakan Vardan(sic) himself heading the list with Rs 3,000. Among
the list of donors, which is still preserved, maybe found the name of Bishop
Heber that saintly personage that ruled over the ecclesiastical affairs of Bengal
in the years gone by.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The institution this day possesses in invested funds a sum of over 6
lakhs of rupees this money having been subscribed by our own people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The college has at present on its roll over
150 pupils. Since its foundation the institution has had a very chequered
career. The desire of its founders was that it should be a seminary for the
learning of Armenian, together with instruction in other languages. For a
while, in common with other European schools in Bengal the institution adopted
the old Entrance course of the Calcutta University, which is equivalent to the
modern matriculation standard. In the early[18] ‘80s, during the Principalship
of Mr. Herbert A. Stark B.A. (now a distinguished officer in the Government
Educational Service) it was raised to the status of a College, and from it
appeared pupils for the then First Arts Examination of the Calcutta University.
Later on owing to the wants of funds for the maintenance of a good college
staff, the college abandoned the University course, and reverted to the Entrance
Examination, but from that time henceforward the institution was commonly known
as the Armenian College. Formerly it was known as the Armenian Philanthropic
Academy.</span></i><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD1LQ7-TQQrsQlKv8V_wORi4TsjlQV-gC-9LZm94ofyJtULdHWb9-jDOX3KE91whNrGq1CQyw_W8EyzV3AzqUXhdHsvCU3WuG9EFSuAvoxcWtvT-r8GWlUldADhAQ9ucia2_wHvW-Fad0/s1600/Armenian+College+founders+board-b.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="311" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD1LQ7-TQQrsQlKv8V_wORi4TsjlQV-gC-9LZm94ofyJtULdHWb9-jDOX3KE91whNrGq1CQyw_W8EyzV3AzqUXhdHsvCU3WuG9EFSuAvoxcWtvT-r8GWlUldADhAQ9ucia2_wHvW-Fad0/s320/Armenian+College+founders+board-b.JPG" width="155" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Image: © Liz Chater</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It may not be out of place to state here that although the present state
of the Armenian College is far from bright, it will soon be restored to its
pristine glory by Mr. C.L. Phillips, who in conjunction with Messrs. Stephen
and Galstaun and other rich Armenians, has drawn out an elaborate scheme for
its amelioration. It has been the dream of Mr. Phillips’s life to build an
up-to-date college with a number of hostels attached to it at one of the hill
stations wherein the youths of the Armenian community as well as those of the
Anglo-Indians in India may receive a thorough up-to-date collegiate education
in science, literature and arts. His contribution alone towards this great
scheme will be Rs 20 lakhs and as has been said, he has other affluent
Armenians to support him in his great project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is intended to endow the college as well with Rs 50 lakhs and it must
appeal to all as a scheme well planned and thought out by the genius of Mr. Phillips.
</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The present premises of the college in Free School Street will of course
be disposed of and the sale proceeds along with its present endowed funds will
amount to over 10 lakhs which will be solely utilized for building the college
and the several hostels that will be attached to the Institution besides
fittingly furnishing them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am sure all
those interested in the welfare of this old and historic institution will be
glad to see the fruition of a great scheme destined to come about in the near
future.</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Then there will be in India an Armenian College worthy of the name, and
worthy of the Armenians who have for centuries past kept burning the torch of
civilization in Asia."</span></i></div>
</blockquote>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">However, delving a little further, it can be found that as early as 1892
there were plans afoot for the Armenian Bishop of Calcutta to have a summer
palace in Darjeeling. A welcome refuge from the sweltering summer heat of the
city. The land had been donated by the generous owner of the Windsor Tea
Estate. The palace required the remaining Armenian community of Calcutta to
supply the outstanding funds, not something they were keen on, and the project
never got off the ground.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Newspapers continue to reveal further developments</span></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">28 October 1920</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Armenian College Centenary</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Revision of Educational Programme</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">History of the Institution</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In connection with the Centenary Anniversary of the founding of the
Armenian College and Philanthropic Academy, Calcutta, which will occur on April
2, 1921, Messrs M. Mackertich and A.M. Arathoon manager of the college, have
addressed a circular letter to the old boys of the college and to the Armenian
community in general. We represent the more important paragraphs, and suggest
that application be made to the Principal for copies of the letter.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Messrs. Mackertich and Arathoon urge that the commemoration of so great
and significant an event should be not merely <i>“external and transient, but
also internal and permanent.”</i> They add that <i>“the development of our
loved Fatherland on the lines of a progressive and enlightened Republic, must
necessarily lay an increased demand upon the educational resources and national
assets of the College; and as the years immediately before us will be years of
national reconstruction, the scope and character of the Armenian College must
continually be enlarged to enable it to keep pace with the march of events in
Armenia herself.”</i> They then refer to the necessity for the accommodation of
a much larger number of pupils to whom must be given a higher and more
diversified education than has hitherto been within its financial
possibilities.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It is proposed also to have a review of the past in the form of a
centenary Report, which will recount the history of the Academy, during its
hundred years, and which will be a record of the valuable work which it has
been done for the intellectual, social, spiritual and national life of the
Armenian community. The intention is to compile a list of Old Boys, and to
print the portraits of those who have distinguished themselves. They therefore
ask old pupils by the 15<sup>th</sup> of next December to send them particulars
regarding themselves and others.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Messrs. Mackertich and Arathoon also appear for funds. Donations should
be paid into the Bank of Bengal, Park Street Branch, Calcutta, to the credit of
the Centenary Celebration Fund of the College, or to any of the members of the
College, or to either of the managers.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mr. Herbert A. Stark, B.A., M.R.A.S., one of the best known and most
experienced educationists in Bengal, who has been appointed Principal of the
College has proposed a scheme of studies and a policy for that institution.
Briefly it is this:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">For all pupils there should be a sound and liberal
all-round education with an industrial and commercial bias.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">At the age of eleven or twelve, talented boys should
be placed as boarders in the best European schools, at the expense of the
Armenian College</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, with a view to their ultimately proceeding to a local Professional
College or to the Arts Degrees of the Calcutta University.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Those of them who should themselves to be specially
brilliant, should be sent to England at the age of seventeen or eighteen years
on scholarships provided by the College, there to take their Degrees at a
British University</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, or to enter one or another of the learned
professions – law, engineering, medicine etc. Possibly some of them may
eventually take Holy Orders in the Armenian Church. In any case, some may be
induced to take the Oxford or Cambridge Diploma in Teaching, and join the staff
of the Armenian College. Thus may we work for the time when our national
institution will be manned solely by thoroughly able and proficient members of
our own community.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The bulk of the pupils of the school at the close of
their general studies, should be apprenticed for three years or so, during the
busy season, for instruction in tea, jute, shellac, mining, hides, trains etc.
In the slack season they should return to College for specialised studies
correlated to the industry they are learning.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Thus, for example, during the tea season the group learning tea would be
on a tea garden. During the slack season they would come back to College -
subject to a good report on their application, progress and character from the
Manager of the garden – and be taught those theoretical subjects which are of
importance to the tea planter e.g., scientific agriculture, manuring, draining,
insect pests, blight, the tea markets of the world, etc., the groups learning
other industries would be similarly death with. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Finally, the programme for celebration was revealed for the Armenian College centenary on 3 February 1921</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Arrangements for the celebration of the Centenary Anniversary of the
Armenian College, which falls on the 2<sup>nd</sup> April, are well in hand,
and include the following items:</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">On March 28<sup>th</sup> there will be an evening garden fete at
Galstaun Park. It will be open to the public. It will provide the usual
attractions, and also al fresco teas and dancing on the lawns. </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">On April 2<sup>nd</sup> there will be a breakfast for the present
scholars of the college and a banquet for old boys. During the day there will
be athletic sports on the college playing fields. </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sunday, April 3<sup>rd</sup>, will be observed by Divine Service at the
Holy Church of Nazareth, when special prayers will be said for the Founders of
the College and its deceased benefactors. In the afternoon there will be a
solemn procession of priests, choir, pupils, old boys, friends, the managing
committee, the Members of the College, and visitors. </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The celebrations will terminate on April 5<sup>th</sup> with a grand Centenary
Fancy Dress Ball (evening dress optional). </span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The following are the Office Bearers to the Celebration Committee:
President, Mr. J.C. Galstaun, O.B.E., Vice-President, Mr. M. Mackertich;
Treasurer, Mr. A. Stephen; Secretary, Mr. H. A. Stark, M.L.C., the Principal of
the College. Old Boys desirous of attending the Old Boys’ Dinner are invited to
communicate with the Secretary. </span></i></div>
</blockquote>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The bicentennial celebrations may not have a garden fete at Galstaun
Park, nor perhaps a fancy dress ball, but it will surely still be an occasion
to remember, celebrate and toast to the next 200 years of Armenian education in
Kolkata. I know there are many people who are looking forward to the upcoming
events in 2021.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy931adnwdRNA32PdVjtEyrNwueEE1lrcHmuWwD3Fb9OpDnlR09FBEov9KGrto-2nqzunUKVbueyHSyU5GGRxJdCqtFhv3NJaCUp2wRodXsqnRkofzwhN-rHRuBhbyNWi_E5mk1IlHpmo/s1600/Armenian+College+students+lining+up.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="600" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy931adnwdRNA32PdVjtEyrNwueEE1lrcHmuWwD3Fb9OpDnlR09FBEov9KGrto-2nqzunUKVbueyHSyU5GGRxJdCqtFhv3NJaCUp2wRodXsqnRkofzwhN-rHRuBhbyNWi_E5mk1IlHpmo/s320/Armenian+College+students+lining+up.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Image: © Liz Chater</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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* He was more commonly known as Chater Moratcan, a renowned Calcutta Jeweller of distinction. His fortune went to this family, causing the inevitable squabbling and in-fighting. I'll write another blog piece on this in due course.<br />
<br />
** Although Manatsakan Vardon raised over Rs 3,000 in aid of the formation of the Armenian College in Calcutta, unlike several other community members, he left no further contributions in favour of the Armenian College in his will. </div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">© Liz Chater
2020</span></div>
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Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-68392121048327748452019-12-22T17:58:00.001+00:002022-12-05T07:23:33.593+00:00Early Armenians in Dacca<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQehCm4V6L7plvXDltsI01JMrgIEyIfZ-0Zxw3rCorpPYB7Djt6DovZK6RzyU4tljmQIv2kVoiUInqm-sMgWYkabaK2Ub6NoWIqBHCe1mc19a052lnrWuYx7TKuQNAMycXOUmOPdZMHko/s1600/Armenian+Church+postcard-003a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="844" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQehCm4V6L7plvXDltsI01JMrgIEyIfZ-0Zxw3rCorpPYB7Djt6DovZK6RzyU4tljmQIv2kVoiUInqm-sMgWYkabaK2Ub6NoWIqBHCe1mc19a052lnrWuYx7TKuQNAMycXOUmOPdZMHko/s400/Armenian+Church+postcard-003a.jpg" width="363" /></a></div>
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It is often repeated that the ‘founding fathers’ of the
Armenian church in Dacca were Messrs Sarkies, Kevorke, Pogose and Petrus
respectively. Numerous reports tell us the land was donated by ‘Armenian
nobleman Agha Catchick Minas’ (also known as Agha Catchik Emnias). Let’s
explore some of these individuals and take a peek into a small period of their
lives. </div>
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For the early Armenian settler in Dacca life was constantly
challenging, one-sided and often unfairly stacked against them. Saddled with
troubles with-in and with-out of this small community, these ‘big-named’
individuals who strove to make a living weren’t just trying to outwit their
competitors but also some of their more notoriously tricky British chiefs.
Along side that, some were in constant battle with their own community and
families as well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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A perfect example of this is in 1773 when Khoja Michael Ter
Stephanoss, more commonly known as Khoja Michael Sarkies, entered into a
partnership with Coja Kevorke jointly running salt farms in Savagepore and
Selimabad under contract to the East India Company. They reported directly to
Richard Barwell, the Chief of Dacca. Barwell was ruthlessly ambitious and,
according to correspondence written in January 1769<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></a>
to his sister Mary in England, he was: “willing to spend five thousand pounds<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></a> for the
chiefship of Dacca and Patna……to supervise the collection of the revenues.”
Barwell got his wish in 1772 and quickly became a law unto himself. He decided
to take away the contract Sarkies and Kevorke had already been given to supply
salt to the East India Company. Through no fault of their own, their losses
were immense because of Barwell’s double dealing and greed for more revenue<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></a>, something he
tried unsuccessfully to prove in Court. A protracted enquiry ensued in Calcutta
at the Supreme Court, and all the evidence stacked in the favour of the
Armenian partners whilst Barwell was found to be trading in an unorthodox and
underhand manner. His unauthorised demand of Rs125,000 to be paid directly to
him, circumnavigating the official East India Company contract, was Barwell’s
downfall.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although their names and reputations were
honoured and kept in tact, their finances took a huge blow, something they
never recovered from, as can be seen from this extract of the case summary.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span></a></div>
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<i>…..That in the month of February 1774, Mr. Barwell
dispossessed Coja Keworke and Coja Michael of the Farm and gave it to two other
men. It does not appear that any other reason was assigned for dispossessing
Coja Keworke, but the claim Mr. Barwell sets up to his right to the Farm, and
to dispose of as he thinks proper.</i></div>
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<i>It does not appear by any deed of conveyance or other
instrument produced to the Committee, that there was any assignment or
transfer, made either by the original nominee, or the two securities, of their
property in the Farm to Mr. Barwell.</i></div>
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<i>The Committee are of opinion that no such assignment or
transfer from the nominee to Mr. Barwell could be valid, without the consent of
the two securities, who in that case must have been allowed to relinquish their
engagements with the Company; since it would be a manifest injustice to oblige
them to answer for the performance of stipulated engagements in behalf of any
person, to whom the original nominee might think fit to transfer his right, and
for whom they had not agreed to become security.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>It appears that very shortly after Mr. Barwell had
dispossessed Coja Keworke and Coja Michael of their Farm, he restored it again
to them, on conditions very disadvantageous to them, and different from those
on which they first held it……………that Mr. Barwell has not produced any leases or
grants whatsoever from Government, in support of his claim to the Salt Farms of
Selimabad and Duckan Savagepore.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>That Mr. Barwell has appropriated to his own use
considerable sums, arising from the Salt Farms abovementioned, to the prejudice
of the Company. That Mr. Barwell’s being engaged, intermeddling, or being
anyway concerned, directly or indirectly, in the Inland Trade in Salt, from 1st
August 1774, is against Law.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>That Mr. Barwell’s declaration, “That if the present Chief
of Dacca does not engage in this emolument, he thinks himself better entitled
to it than any Armenian or Bengalee, who would otherwise benefit in his room”,
implies a determination in him not to relinquish the above emolument.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>That Coja Kaworke and Michael are the only persons who
appear to have had in fact the original management of the Farms in question, or
upon whom the Company could have had a claim, supporting the quantity of Salt
contracted for had not been delivered; and that these persons, in February
1774, were dispossessed of the Farms, and afterwards restored to them, by the sole
authority of the Chief, without any order of the Council of Dacca.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>That the sums received by Mr. Barwell on account of the
Farms, whether voluntarily paid or violently extorted from Coja Kaworke and
Michael, do not invalidate their right to the Farms.</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>That Coja Kaworke and Michael should be put into possession
of the two Farms, for the remainder of the term of the original lease, on
condition of their making good to the Company all balances which may be now due
on account of their engagements as securities for the nominal Farmers, and of
their delivering to the Company the additional quantity of ten thousand Maunds
of salt annually, which had been collusively reserved for the use of the Chief
of Dacca.</i></div>
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Barwell appeared to believe his own lies, confidently
thinking he was invincible and above the law. He was of the opinion that his
was the only one that mattered, and he was superior even when pitted against
E.I.C. contemporaries who presided over this long and tedious enquiry in the Supreme
Court in Calcutta.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_sIsGbVljWi00K9XMKBhgUyEi09siSKHGi_05dUugYnY9HvTqiqeyjSgGJcwc6hycIV9o9BUBzn8bw2MEtA7I69otpEc6Ds8Aaz5A4J_2yNuKqjowyH1KWIt1f6HLNNJSEE7v4R9qJog/s1600/richard+barwell+via+mutual+art.Jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1108" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_sIsGbVljWi00K9XMKBhgUyEi09siSKHGi_05dUugYnY9HvTqiqeyjSgGJcwc6hycIV9o9BUBzn8bw2MEtA7I69otpEc6Ds8Aaz5A4J_2yNuKqjowyH1KWIt1f6HLNNJSEE7v4R9qJog/s400/richard+barwell+via+mutual+art.Jpeg" width="276" /></a></div>
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Portrait of Richard Barwell and his son circ 1780. Oil on
canvas by Joshua Reynolds.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span></a></div>
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Khoja Michael Sarkies (Coja Michael) as a Zamindar,
continued to live and trade in Dacca extending partnerships in his salt business
to Johannes Ter Daniels and Stephanus Arratoon of Calcutta. In 1765 he also
conducted trade with Joseph Saffor Shahriman but found himself to be a creditor
of Shahriman when he died in 1766, Khoja Michael was owed around 600 Rupees<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span></a>. Meanwhile, the
other partner Khoja Kevorke, went to Calcutta and settled there with his wife
and family. Familiar Armenian Calcutta names such as Manuk, Avietick, Owen,
Zorab, Emin, Stephen Gaspar, Vardon, Arathoon, Jordan, Bagram, Vertannes,
Michael, Cavorke and George, all descend from him whose full name was Khoja
Kevorke Ter Simon, and there are a number of living descendants scattered
around the world today. Khoja Kevorke died in Chinsurah in 1790, the same year
as his business partner Khoja Michael who died in Dacca.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kevorke’s estate was initially estimated to
be approximately Rs464,900<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span></a>. The
reconciliation of Kevorke’s accounts was protracted because his widow
challenged the estate of her husband’s late partner, Khoja Sarkies for
outstanding monies. This lengthy process eventually led to her retrieving Khoja
Kevorke’s share of the partnership funds, once settled, taking other deductions
into account the figure finalised at around Rs60,000<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span></a>.
A handsome sum indeed for the Kevorke estate, but how much more would they have
had if it was not for the crooked Barwell?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqDY3snsvQKz1A4Xe11aq1LoqeqkIwdhNBtPHmG8_feimspep_x0CVw20d29Vw20boCowiuD0ypmuXHeDyHkTaFIJNPX2VXpWMZoTu7-v8p_icv0DK38JwJrJR10nX9pslId9rCnWfQpE/s1600/SARKIS+-+inventory+of+aga+michael+sarkis+34-27-18-83++1796-03+bail+screenshot.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="559" data-original-width="1357" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqDY3snsvQKz1A4Xe11aq1LoqeqkIwdhNBtPHmG8_feimspep_x0CVw20d29Vw20boCowiuD0ypmuXHeDyHkTaFIJNPX2VXpWMZoTu7-v8p_icv0DK38JwJrJR10nX9pslId9rCnWfQpE/s400/SARKIS+-+inventory+of+aga+michael+sarkis+34-27-18-83++1796-03+bail+screenshot.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gabriel Cavorke fought for her husband's share of the Sarkies/Kevorke partnership spoils</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Meanwhile the estate of Khoja Sarkies was estimated to be
around 5 times more than Khoja Kevorke’s, calculated to be in excess of
Rs302,986<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Some of the other early Armenian settlers in Dacca arrived
at a time when the country was in crisis. 1787 saw a devastating famine,
coupled with unprecedented early flooding in March of that year. Armenians
rallied around to help, not just other Armenians but also their friends, local
people and the communities of Dacca. Far from landing on Indian soil and
stepping into the rhythm of a comfortable and economically progressive
commerce, the Julfan Armenians immediately became immersed in the same poverty
and diseases that were engulfing the lives of Dacca locals at this time. Basic
food such as grain and fresh water were in very short supply and to add to an
already desperate situation a large fire broke out and over 7000 huts were
destroyed. These weren’t just homes, but also storage huts containing vital
food supplies. Many hundreds of lives were lost in the fire; the famine went on
to claim thousands more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People left
Dacca for other districts, there was very little for local people to stay for,
whilst others from the countryside flocked to the city for help in the hope
their famished families would get food. Wealthier inhabitants did indeed help
those in dire straights, their stockpiles of precious grains were now the
staple supplies, and at the height of the disaster, between 9 and 10 thousand
people a day were fed through public contribution. A small number of Armenians
made up this group, and although the situation quickly escalated from bad to
near hopeless, they did what they could to help each other and the people
around them.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One of those who survived the famine and who was
sufficiently well placed to help Muslims and Christians alike was salt and
property merchant Khoja Michael Sarkies. He had been born in Julfa around 1732
and as we have already seen, during his time in Dacca was one of the most
prominent and successful of his Zemindar contemporaries. It was to Michael
Sarkies that other migrating Julfan Armenians turned to when they wished to
settle in Dacca. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
His uncle, Martyroos Ter Stephanoos, known as Khojah
Martyroos came from Persia his native country to Dacca and was supported
liberally by Michael Sarkies. Family ties were naturally strong, and Sarkies
ensured his uncle was comfortable in his new life.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Khoja Michael Sarkies died in 1790 without leaving a
will.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a successful businessman and
having accumulated his wealth, he didn’t think to write his last will and
testament, perhaps believing ‘his word was his bond.’ His valuable estate,
which contained Zemindaree lands at Dukhun, Shahbazpore and several houses and
other property in Dacca became fiercely fought over by relatives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was claimed by Susan the daughter of his
paternal uncle Kerakoos Ter Stephanoos, that he (Khoja Michael) had no
legitimate issue, and she was, according to the Armenian law, entitled to one
share of his estate. Martyroos Ter Stephanoos another paternal uncle was
entitled to the remaining share.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span></a> This claim was
contested by Khoja Michael’s natural, but illegitimate son Arratoon.
Illegitimate he may have been, but Khoja Michael made it perfectly clear that
Arratoon was his heir apparent. Khoja Michael swore a public declaration in
front of a local Dacca Judge to this effect, and it took another one of those
prolific Armenian court cases to make it stick. The case against this public
declaration of heir apparent was brought by Khoja Avietick Ter Stephanuse
(Susan’s granddaughter Hannaye’s second husband) against Khoja Michael’s son,
Khoja Michael Arratoon. It was ultimately dismissed on the 24th July 1818,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>with Khoja Michael Arratoon<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></span></a> being
recognised as the legitimate heir, but he had to fight tooth and nail to prove
himself against the baying family circling the late Khoja Michael’s wealth.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGR4mwxUJqYY3E6NBuzEuJuRhYT92gRimE1z_F5mBmD6qSJvNzbzK5pAlfiWxfhgm_XQ2-xpz72Cpc6dLNiOZNNN8B68FQC-woS_Re5PpoqWt8L51O002zDQJV3B6Bo-YfBSaXlAPqC-E/s1600/michael+sarkies+chart+for+article.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="805" data-original-width="1600" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGR4mwxUJqYY3E6NBuzEuJuRhYT92gRimE1z_F5mBmD6qSJvNzbzK5pAlfiWxfhgm_XQ2-xpz72Cpc6dLNiOZNNN8B68FQC-woS_Re5PpoqWt8L51O002zDQJV3B6Bo-YfBSaXlAPqC-E/s400/michael+sarkies+chart+for+article.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Khoja Michael Sarkies's family tree chart showing descendants and extended family</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Turning to Avietick Ter Stephanus, who it must be said, did
not conduct his personal life as conventionally as we perhaps do today. His
first wife Hannaye, having died, he then had a relationship with his Muslim
slave girl with whom he had an illegitimate son Gabriel. The slave girl
eventually converted and became a Christian and Avietick Ter Stephanus named
his son as his natural and legitimate heir. Double standards from Avietick
because it wasn’t that long ago that he did not want to accept Khoja Michael’s
own illegitimate son as a recognised legitimate heir, yet Avietick was doing
exactly what Khoja Michael did for his own son.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There is a branch of the Stephanus/Harney stem from Dacca that is
descended from Avietick Ter Stephanus and the young slave girl. Today there are
living descendants from this union all around the world.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_u2jzMimlATVfCwCHNLrx3ERrtw5kvd8wErrQk083ZlQZFv1CC6MqUPetOlWxqxv6R74JE_cUr9UH3m3W0YUJu0cbhTo6kONnJDu4Plyd78v_fEtFP5q1RJfO2oNMEUqGItKfP2hYxhM/s1600/avietick+ter+stephanose+chart+for+article.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="625" data-original-width="1150" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_u2jzMimlATVfCwCHNLrx3ERrtw5kvd8wErrQk083ZlQZFv1CC6MqUPetOlWxqxv6R74JE_cUr9UH3m3W0YUJu0cbhTo6kONnJDu4Plyd78v_fEtFP5q1RJfO2oNMEUqGItKfP2hYxhM/s400/avietick+ter+stephanose+chart+for+article.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Family tree chart showing Avietick Ter Stephanus's descendants</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One wonders if Avietick brought the case because of his own
financial difficulty and needed to bail himself out of trouble using his late
wife’s grandmother’s inheritance. This rare document containing details of his
property for sale in Dacca survives today in Liz Chater’s private archive.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM01dSa1rAcp28L7ypUvPskg_LP0KNqzI3XvG_Y5DU7GyQpVtGJBQbLFxmEI-YR0Fn3AUAiDzO2sqfDWxhj2WGRAfln12iQXU1CvNUNqLDSC6ro-jl0xGkWH9Emx0oyILuaS1deLf4E58/s1600/1815+july+13+property+of+avietick+ter+stephanuse+to+be+sold.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="895" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM01dSa1rAcp28L7ypUvPskg_LP0KNqzI3XvG_Y5DU7GyQpVtGJBQbLFxmEI-YR0Fn3AUAiDzO2sqfDWxhj2WGRAfln12iQXU1CvNUNqLDSC6ro-jl0xGkWH9Emx0oyILuaS1deLf4E58/s400/1815+july+13+property+of+avietick+ter+stephanuse+to+be+sold.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Sheriff’s Sale</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Calcutta 13th July 1815</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Notice is hereby given, that on Thursday the twentieth day
of July instant, precisely at noon, the Sheriff of Calcutta will put up to
Public Sale at the lower verandah of the Court House opposite the entrance into
the sheriff’s office by virtue of a writ of Fieri Facias* in his hands against
Avietick Ter Stephenuse.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The right title and interest of the said Avietick Ter
Stephanuse of in and to a large upperroomed messuage with the ground and
appurtenances thereto belonging situate at Dall Bazar in the city or town of
Dacca standing on about five Biggahs of ground more or less, lately in the
occupation of Richard Walpole Esquire Collector or Dacca.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The condition of sale may be known by applying at the
Sheriff’s office.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
* A writ of execution authorizing a sheriff to lay a claim
to and seize the goods and chattels of a debtor to fulfil a judgment against
the debtor.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Thursday 13th July 1815</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Advertisement for sale on the 20th July instant the property
of Avietick Ter Stephanuse.<br />
(No. 89)<br />
Entered.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxDZ8R0o9mzvfppNJr-QjMLpLtW-GtAJen54VjWtjLjsufGiSxJmHo7NaHl7tvmnaLpdAFU7VGJBlc3FPc6mFaf6TUgaaFZnLkGGDBwq5mtsMSzIdd2x2DQdN6G-A6xZjaJnMAyXVRwuo/s1600/1790+june+3+petition+of+arratoon+michae%252Bmartyrose+padre+stephen+re+estate+of+michael+sarkies.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="780" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxDZ8R0o9mzvfppNJr-QjMLpLtW-GtAJen54VjWtjLjsufGiSxJmHo7NaHl7tvmnaLpdAFU7VGJBlc3FPc6mFaf6TUgaaFZnLkGGDBwq5mtsMSzIdd2x2DQdN6G-A6xZjaJnMAyXVRwuo/s400/1790+june+3+petition+of+arratoon+michae%252Bmartyrose+padre+stephen+re+estate+of+michael+sarkies.jpg" width="393" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Administration of the estate of Michael Sarkies was granted to his son Arratoon Michael and Martirus Padre Stephen less than 3 weeks after he died</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The background to Khoja Avietick Ter Stepanuse’s claim was
that in the year 1803 Susan, daughter of Kerakoos Ter Stephanoos, made a will
in which she bequeathed her entire property to Michael Arratoon, the
illegitimate son of Khoja Michael Sarkies by his Dacca native concubine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1807 Susan revoked the will, and made
another in favour of her grand-daughter Hannaye Avietick Ter Stephanoos.
Michael Arratoon, who on hearing of the first will of Susan being revoked in
favour of the second will, brought an action in the Supreme Court against
Avietick Ter Stephannos and his wife Hannay Avietick Ter Stephannos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Michael Arratoon wanted to establish the
validity of the first will and attempted to have the second will set aside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Courts decided that the second will was
quite valid and should be upheld.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However, as the property was not subject to the jurisdiction of the
Supreme Court, Michael Arratoon was nonsuited and directed to bring his action
in that jurisdiction where the lands might be situated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Hannaye Avietick Ter Stephannos was a cousin to the late
Khoja Michael Sarkies. She died in 1814 and her husband Avietick being her sole
heir was entitled to all the property that she possessed at the time of her
death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Michael Arratoon stated in court
that his father (Khoja Michael Sarkies) “….had no ancestral property,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>he came from Persia to Bengal and settled in
Dacca, where by merchandize he contrived to accumulate considerable property,
both real and personal……..”. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Court statement went on to say: “….that Galoos [aka
Kaloos], the husband of Susan [daughter of Kerakoos Ter Stephanoos,and the
grandmother of Hannaye] also came to Dacca, and they being in extreme distress
in the famine which occurred in Bengal in Bengali Calendar 1194 [1787], Khoja
Michael Arratoon’s father (Khoja Sarkies) gave them shelter at their house.
Khoja Marytroos also came from Persia his native country to Dacca and was
supported liberally by Michael Sarkies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They all lived in harmony together without coming to any kind of
division.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As we have already seen,
feeling the approaches of old age, Michael Sarkies took his son to Mr. Douglas
the Judge of the city of Dacca, and in his presence publically acknowledge
Michael Arratoon as his sole heir, representative and successor. On his
[Michael Sarkies’s] death in 1790 he was recognised as such by the public
authorities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Michael Arratoon had been
in possession of the whole property ever since that period.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Michael Arratoon and his uncle Martyrose Ter
Stephannos took out letters of administration (see image) to recover
outstanding debts due to the estate of Michael Sarkies. Michael Arratoon gave
Susan as the surety of his due discharge of the trust placed in him, which she
never would have undertaken had she possessed any right of inheritance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The claim of Avietick Ter Stephannos through
his wife was wholly unfounded, as he could have no right of inheritance while
the uncle [Martyroos] survived”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On 24th
July 1818 the claim of Avietick Ter Stephannos was dismissed by the fourth
Judge of the Dacca Court of appeal on the grounds that Susan had no right of
succession that the claim of Avietick Ter Stephannos through her was
groundless.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIpATJHVFETi7eAkSiKZBWfsikJJTyJnEiWa8_B6DRGPOQdz73y2PY0XIhTQhmHYxbvIA2iQN1ovymr06UECvmCRAIqLT2QpX52cpHI-QwfX-H0Vc1sP5mlXTmZEW565_Qm0p6q8JH1K0/s1600/1812+august+12+avietick+ter+stephanose+dont+buy+anything+from+arratoon+michael.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="739" data-original-width="730" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIpATJHVFETi7eAkSiKZBWfsikJJTyJnEiWa8_B6DRGPOQdz73y2PY0XIhTQhmHYxbvIA2iQN1ovymr06UECvmCRAIqLT2QpX52cpHI-QwfX-H0Vc1sP5mlXTmZEW565_Qm0p6q8JH1K0/s400/1812+august+12+avietick+ter+stephanose+dont+buy+anything+from+arratoon+michael.jpg" width="395" /></a></div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Avietick was so enraged at the prospect of Arratoon Michael
potentially selling off property and land, he placed a warning notice in the
local papers advising potential purchases to refrain from such acquisitions. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Meanwhile, Arratoon must have been finding the whole process
rather trying, and made a point of notifying the public that he was “going up
river” for a change of air.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggbUzg_ygjnreaGr__ZiL0RUON7dKgtttCFoN3hTl2bJcFX575ThC66MVHsJXM5K59F4VD8wM7OFcPVhcqjnfIY-ejrgCl0OL-LkKuU_d9POWbLMtIqFRMLmCCGYACCilRU_4oiInB7CI/s1600/arratoon+michael+going+up+river+for+change+of+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="325" data-original-width="614" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggbUzg_ygjnreaGr__ZiL0RUON7dKgtttCFoN3hTl2bJcFX575ThC66MVHsJXM5K59F4VD8wM7OFcPVhcqjnfIY-ejrgCl0OL-LkKuU_d9POWbLMtIqFRMLmCCGYACCilRU_4oiInB7CI/s400/arratoon+michael+going+up+river+for+change+of+air.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In 1797 Marytrose Stephanno made a will to the following
effect:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“I Martroose Stefanoos, not being indebted to any one, nor
having any demands upon any one, do make this my last will and testament.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My brother’s son Michael Sarkies died in
Dacca in the year 1790, without having executed a will, leaving a son named
Arratoon by a concubine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the deceased
in his lifetime acknowledge the said Arratoon to be his son, I do by these
presents constitute him my executor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At
the present time there are only surviving, besides the said Arratoon, of the
relations of the deceased, I Matroose his uncle, Susan married to Galoos,
daughter of another paternal uncle, and Kamsuna the widow of my paternal
uncle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the death of Michael Sarkies,
I Martroose, and his son Arratoon, took out letters of administration from the
Supreme Court, and have been in joint possession in ever since, the management
of the property being confined to the said Arratoon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am entitled to a share of the estate by
inheritance, and with respect to that share, whatever it may be proved to be in
a Court of Justice, a will may be taken after my death to the grandson of my
brother (the said Arratoon), whom I acknowledge to be my successor and lawful
heir, in the same manner as my brother’s son, Michael Sarkies acknowledged him
to be his son and heir.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij7hzw19Rj1i-gqjR_uNEQCRzDLqaKkTELUr4CajoBIfJ4mUWE7OsMKozvtcrOIa66WgYugBNIdkWinX8aJt6cHdUu4Hj28bB-iMEeT_QOit0bq2xd46MZy1DxJ0fKRLp5VBhsrgTNpDI/s1600/administration+of+the+estate+of+martyrus+ter+stephanuse.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="890" height="345" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij7hzw19Rj1i-gqjR_uNEQCRzDLqaKkTELUr4CajoBIfJ4mUWE7OsMKozvtcrOIa66WgYugBNIdkWinX8aJt6cHdUu4Hj28bB-iMEeT_QOit0bq2xd46MZy1DxJ0fKRLp5VBhsrgTNpDI/s400/administration+of+the+estate+of+martyrus+ter+stephanuse.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Probate of the esetate of Martyruse Ter Stephanuse</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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Probate of this will was duly obtained and filed in
Court.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This document establishes two
points: first, that Matroose, Arratoon and Susan the wife of Galoos, were heirs
to the deceased Michael Sarkies, and were in joint possession of his landed and
other property from the time of his death in 1790, to the time of the execution
of Martroos’s will in 1797, and secondly, that Arratoon proved the will in the
Supreme Court and there admitted that Matroose was entitled to one third of the
property in right of inheritance and that he [Arratoon] was legatee of
Matroose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Legal debate continued for
some time, but it should be noted that Susan died in 1808,<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[13]</span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>but not before she was appointed
Administratrix of the estate of her son-in-law Aviet Gregory who had died in
the early part of 1797 in Dacca.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAWYSxeJ9PB41-MIGbFJPBgriaQnJd-SM-dNqrnkE1poCmbOASKgRZuqNOoexpdZQRCvlw7nciBOimsjgdcJzvYqoWjDQzCQOiB3Em6uQqyfgprdNkjmMrfpUbbrGsS3jRWxYYF7a5x1I/s1600/1797+may+11+Administration+of+Estate+of+Aviet+Gregory+to+Shooshan+Galloos+of+Dacca-001a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="700" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAWYSxeJ9PB41-MIGbFJPBgriaQnJd-SM-dNqrnkE1poCmbOASKgRZuqNOoexpdZQRCvlw7nciBOimsjgdcJzvYqoWjDQzCQOiB3Em6uQqyfgprdNkjmMrfpUbbrGsS3jRWxYYF7a5x1I/s400/1797+may+11+Administration+of+Estate+of+Aviet+Gregory+to+Shooshan+Galloos+of+Dacca-001a.jpg" width="272" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Administration notice of Aviet Gregor's estate was granted to his mother-in-law Susan</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Meanwhile the estate of Khojah Sarkies continued to be
subject to very bitter challenges through the Courts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is no wonder that it was not fully settled
for many years. </div>
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The estate accounts make interesting reading and often give
a unique insight into the life of the deceased that would not normally be
available. In this instance, it can be seen that prior to his death, Khojah
Michael Sarkies had taken steps for the Armenian Church in Dacca to have bells.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtXjMKKp8CryyCPs9DYfGzB2lRU_fM2h4I4k8h-7gJNu3niuhCHdo1yoXr3pmnZMGOktZhKUTUpcZcSHh7QLs8SaOTs5B9zeWKs80lDjwkNGNyekPRujKxugVTctPpDaelPLA5QHU76QY/s1600/snippet+from+michael+sarkies+inv-accounts+cash+paid+for+the+balance+of+a+pair+of+large+bells+for+dhaka+church.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="617" data-original-width="1360" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtXjMKKp8CryyCPs9DYfGzB2lRU_fM2h4I4k8h-7gJNu3niuhCHdo1yoXr3pmnZMGOktZhKUTUpcZcSHh7QLs8SaOTs5B9zeWKs80lDjwkNGNyekPRujKxugVTctPpDaelPLA5QHU76QY/s320/snippet+from+michael+sarkies+inv-accounts+cash+paid+for+the+balance+of+a+pair+of+large+bells+for+dhaka+church.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cash paid Aga Abraham the balance of the price of a pair of large bells</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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31 March 1792: From this extract it can be seen that a cash
sum was paid to Aga Abraham which was the balance of the price of a pair of
large bells for the present day Armenian Church, Dhaka. Those same bells
remained on the ground until at least 1835 when the unlikely bell-raiser, or at
least someone who thought it should be done, wrote in his Will of his last wish
and intention. Avietick Ter Stephanuse, the husband of Hannaye aka Anna
Avietick gave bold and decisive instructions in his Will. Hannaye was a 1st
cousin twice removed to the late Michael Sarkies. As we have already seen, her
husband Avietick had clashed in Court with Arratoon Michael the natural, albeit
illegitimate son of Khoja Michael Sarkies regarding the intestate estate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Avietick appears to have suffered mixed
fortunes financially, he nevertheless had a desire to see Khojah Sarkies’s name
attached to the church. Avietick wrote: </div>
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“I direct my executor first to discharge my debt to every
one individually then to collect my outstanding demands either with or without
taking legal measures and afterwards to build a steeple in a conspicuous place
in our Saint Arrathoon’s Church at Dacca and to suspend the pain of large bells
that are in the aforesaid church and to write on the one side of the steeple in
Armenian and English character to the memory of myself and of my wife the late
Mrs. Hannay (sic) and of my parents and also on the other side to be written to
the memory of the late Aga Michael Sarkies and his family and the cost for this
whatever it may be my executor is bound to pay.”</div>
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Clearly devoted to the Armenian Church in Dacca, this
bequest was one to ensure the remembrance of those he considered to be
important, and perhaps it was also meant as a sideways swipe at Arratoon
Michael. Certainly he aimed to make sure future generations knew of these early
steps in the history of the church, and he attempted to be recognised,
literally, with the writing on the wall. However, things do not appear to have
gone to plan. According to Mesrovb Seth<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[14]</span></span></a>,
we find that in fact Johannes Carapiet Sarkies was the contributor who funded
the steeple in 1837. Could this be a case of J.C. Sarkies usurping Avietick’s
last wish and stealing the glory of who built the church tower?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was not Avietick’s name on the memorial
tablet, but Johannes’s.</div>
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“This magnificent steeple was erected by the means and at
the expense of Johanness Carapiet Sarkies Esq., son of the late Carapiet
Sarkies Esq., to the honour and glory of our Saviour Jesus Christ and in
remembrance of all his ancestors of happy and blessed memory, in the month of
July 1837, in</div>
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the ancient capital of Dacca."</div>
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The church bells were eventually raised into position,
whether under the instruction of Avietick Ter Stephanuse or Johannes Carapiet
Sarkies is unknown. The bells remained insitu until the 1980s. In
correspondence dated 1985 it was reported that a rather audacious theft by
unknown persons had occurred: “….in recent months, one of the big bells out of
a set of 5 from the Church bell-tower was brought down and put on some
push-cart and sold outside to some bell-metal workers……” no double melted down
for a few Taka.</div>
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<br /></div>
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To put the size of this community into perspective with the
rest of Dacca, in 1840 there were approximately 40 Armenian families in the
city, yet here we are nearly 180 years later talking about this incredibly
small minority community and how much they achieved, although not always
smoothly. Their in-fighting and quick-fire quills to start court cases has
given us much to muse about in the 21st century.</div>
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We are fortunate to have incredibly gifted Armenian
historians, who have studied the trading patterns and routes from Persia to
India and Bangladesh during the 18th century and beyond.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For those who wish to read about this
relationship between Asia and Persia, I would recommend Dr. Sebouh Aslanian’s
“From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean The Global Trade Networks of
Armenian Merchants from New Julfa”.</div>
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The Dacca Armenian Church land contributor, Agha Catchick
Minas and his brother Howan were from the extensive trading Minas family of New
Julfa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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Their father, Khojah Emnias Minas, had suffered a most
horrendous death having been burned alive at the stake by Nadir Shah in January
1747 in Isfahan’s central square<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[15]</span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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The brothers were both traders and landowners in Dacca. Their
respective first wives, Catchick’s Sophie<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[16]</span></span></a>
and Howan’s Khathaie<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[17]</span></span></a> had died within
two years of each other at Dacca in 1764 and 1766 respectively. Both men went
on to marry a second time.</div>
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As a wealthy landowner Agha Catchick possessed a number of
villages in Dacca from which he received rental income. However, by 1791 he was
part of the Armenian merchants and traders living in Saidabad where had
remarried to Mariam Gregory. In May of that year, in what can only be described
as the equivalent of our modern day social media, a furious Agha Catchick
placed a classified ads notice in the local newspaper, describing in detail an
unprecedented personal account of how he had been humiliated and cuckolded by
Mariam. One can only imagine the kind of sensation this outburst caused amongst
the readers in Bengal. Clearly, he felt strongly enough about the situation
that he thought himself impervious to those quietly gossiping about him. His
tone and style was strong and resolute and he sought to be as disparaging of
her as he could.</div>
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<i>I CATCHIK EMNIAZ, an Armenian, now an inhabitant of
Saydabad, but late of Dacca in the Province of Bengal , a Merchant: and sorry
to be obliged to give the following notice to the Public, but my own security
demands it: Whereas MARRIAM CANOOM my present wife, who was the Daughter of
GREGORY of the family of AGAS AVETICK, did on the 23d day of December 1787,
elope from me her Husband, without any cause or pro-vocation whatever, under a
presence that the was going to take a walk to Berhampore, taking with her
Jewells and other things belonging to my Estate to a very considerable amount,
and in her way to Berhampore she exchanged her Bearers to prevent discovery,
for Ticka Bearers, and at Calcapore she took up and cohabited with the Dutch Company's
Doctor called Doctor VERNAM, and went to Patna , of which I was quite ignorant
of, and for some time concealed herself in the house of a native shroff there,
until they could obtain protection at the Danish Factory there under the Danish
Flag, which in a few days they accomplished, and here it is, I must say some
thing of her general behaviour to me and in my house after our marriage, which
behaviour was so undutiful and untoward, that I cannot pass over it in silence.
</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i></i></div>
<i>She kept company with people of bad character expressly
against my repeated order to the contrary; admitted them to my house, bribed my
servants to form excuses whenever she went out By which I found myself
ridiculed and laughed at daily, yet I never used her ill for all this, but often
talked and conversed with her on the impropriety of it, which she regarded not,
but continued her bad behaviour with great untowardness by giving away and
wasting my property, Monies, Jewells, and other articles the made away with,
without my knowledge. I should not have said so much on the subject of her
behaviour, was it not for what follows: that since her first cohabitation with
Doctor VERNAM, this Doctor happened to die at Patna , and she not finding it
easily to dupe every man, was rendered incapable of getting any assistance from
any body in the scheme she having went away, she therefore after eight or nine
months came under the protection of the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Danish Colour to Serampore, and from thence to Calcutta; from whence she
wrote me a Letter of penitence desiring my pardon, and wishing to be reinstated
in my house again, to which I have not complied, and I have written in answer
to it that I would not admit a woman of that character,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and an enemy to my life and property into my
family. This therefore is to give notice to all to whom it may concern, that I
will not be responsible for any act whatever<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>of her the said MARRIAM CANOOM, nor will I pay any Debt or Debts which
she may contract either in my name or any name whatsoever, on any pretence, the
18 May, 1791.</i></div>
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Agha Catchik’s brother and business partner Howan Emnias
also owned property in Dacca. A third business partner was Astwasatoor Papook
of Calcutta<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[18]</span></span></a>. Astwasatoor
died in 1787 and following his death the partnership between them was wound up
with Both Catchik and Howan as executors. However, Catchik passed away in 1798
leaving Howan to wind up both estates. When Howan passed away in 1804 the
outstanding estates of his partners was far from finalised and his son
Muckertich was left with the unenviable task of unravelling a very complicated
set of inter-connected accounts, claims and counter-claims.</div>
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Properties belonging to Howan Emnias at Sydabad were
advertised for sale in 1805<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1ff3oKGVvKqwboBHRdgi-AojkGLSwsA668HjSNk3Ilytjq8iOLCyEPi0frBqWFahyphenhyphenZDLxDezWZgXYIKT4EkXsMSmyUwejmew17ROGhpQgxUYOXG2TBSqDar8kdO0C_CR0a27FvCKZV3M/s1600/1805+december+26+land+at+syabad+for+sale+estate+of+howan+emnias-cropped.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1182" data-original-width="743" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1ff3oKGVvKqwboBHRdgi-AojkGLSwsA668HjSNk3Ilytjq8iOLCyEPi0frBqWFahyphenhyphenZDLxDezWZgXYIKT4EkXsMSmyUwejmew17ROGhpQgxUYOXG2TBSqDar8kdO0C_CR0a27FvCKZV3M/s320/1805+december+26+land+at+syabad+for+sale+estate+of+howan+emnias-cropped.jpg" width="201" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">26 December 1805 Calcutta Gazette</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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and in 1807 his property in Dacca was also put up for sale.
This advertisement contains important location information, and offers insight
into how close the community were located in relation to the Armenian Church in
Dacca. “One lower and three upper roomed houses situated behind the Armenian
Church in Dacca, built of the best pucka materials with a well laid out garden
the whole standing on five Biggahs of ground.” The importance of this
incredible statement tells us that the area around the church was not heavily
built upon but in fact contained large open spaces; something that won’t be
recognisable in today’s Dhaka.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL9PMPG1PFTGbR9bCMrdnZ1X_YfN0C3oezyegtkji834G0AYLp0QcmfJwlxDJSzvmwrdJ3Uf8zTmPAFYnMQDDzPYt3gvjMNrCN_I6ckc-sFxhgpr3zkhWcn4jFZtHaAKPNGbgeDtwXmvg/s1600/1807+april+9+howan+emneaz+estate+property+for+auction-cropped.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="676" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL9PMPG1PFTGbR9bCMrdnZ1X_YfN0C3oezyegtkji834G0AYLp0QcmfJwlxDJSzvmwrdJ3Uf8zTmPAFYnMQDDzPYt3gvjMNrCN_I6ckc-sFxhgpr3zkhWcn4jFZtHaAKPNGbgeDtwXmvg/s400/1807+april+9+howan+emneaz+estate+property+for+auction-cropped.jpg" width="168" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">9th April 1807 Calcutta Gazette</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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As part of the Dhaka Armenian Heritage Project, we were
fortunate to be given access to this photograph. It is of some of the Armenian
community gathering at Mr. Michael’s home around the 1930s/40s and, with an
extraordinary piece of luck, shows the Armenian Church located in the
background.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is excellent
corroborative evidence of how the community continued to live close to the
church 130 years after Howan Emnias with open green spaces and single storey
residential properties surrounding it.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5i4rx04GQVvdUFNxIHBrvUwN41BOWMXN1ZxfG_sV2soyYnlqypyu5mzFe351wVUk9kDdJFCT6gVCPrOphmph91p2QhliX6najdJ1d42w9-V5BuLeKwIb4NF3QY170z1Izm35VxGemhE8/s1600/Small+section+of+Armenian+Church+visible+in+this+image.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="969" data-original-width="1600" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5i4rx04GQVvdUFNxIHBrvUwN41BOWMXN1ZxfG_sV2soyYnlqypyu5mzFe351wVUk9kDdJFCT6gVCPrOphmph91p2QhliX6najdJ1d42w9-V5BuLeKwIb4NF3QY170z1Izm35VxGemhE8/s400/Small+section+of+Armenian+Church+visible+in+this+image.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mr Michael's lunch party pictured in the grounds of his house. In the background can be seen the top of the Armenian Church, Dhaka this shows how close the community lived to the Church and how spacious and open the area was.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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Our early Armenian pioneer settlers literally built the
foundations on which today stands the beautiful Armenian Church. Those early
pioneer settlers also unwittingly left a legacy and insight into their lives by
the very disputes they chose to argue about in the public forum of the local
judicial Courts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today there are scores
of descendants around the world whose ancestor was Khoja Michael Sarkies, many
of them are unaware of their turbulent ancestors’ past and the wonderful
Armenian heritage they are part of. </div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
Bengal Past and Present Vol 10 January-June 1915. P.233</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> By
today’s standard of living that is a value equivalent to in excess of £600,000</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
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Reports from Committees of the House of Commons, Vol VI East Indies 1783</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
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The District of Bakarganj, It’s History and Statistics, 1876.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
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Bengal Revenue Consultations of 28<sup>th</sup> April 1775.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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The Will of Joseph Shahriman states he had an outstanding balanced owing to
Coja Michael of Dacca.</div>
</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
Will Administration. British Library L/AG/34/29/1/58 1790.</div>
</div>
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Will Accounts. British Library L/AG/34/27/22/164</div>
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Estate accounts BL: L/AG/34/27/18/83</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>
Report of Cases Determined in the Court of the Sudder Dawanny Adawlut,
Calcutta, by W.H. McNaughten, Registrar of that Court, 1820.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a>
Confusingly, Arratoon Michael was often referred to as Michael Arratoon. It was
a common practice for Armenian families to use the patronymic naming style,
i.e. the son would use the father’s Christian name as a surname. </div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a>
Avietick Ter Stefanoos, Appellant v Khaja Michael Aratoon, Respondent , 8
February 1820, Dacca Supreme Court.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenians in India, P. 573</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a>
From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean. The Global Trade Networks of
Armenian Merchants from New Julfa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P.95.
Professor Sebouh Aslanian</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a>
Inscriptions on Tombs or Monuments Bengal, P.207</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a>
Inscriptions on Tombs or Monuments Bengal, P.208</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn18" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a>
Estate accounts: BL L/AG/34/27/34/23</div>
</div>
</div>
Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-75694927602959586392019-11-19T14:47:00.003+00:002019-11-19T14:47:49.229+00:00The Unwanted LetterThe worst news possible. This type of War Office correspondence was not welcome during WW1.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeXfY9Pqh41_z-LcBqmxN5uu1uaO7MDz843stNc6NG09zE5Cy8rhvWyutwjH3fk_vKC_0xp5b6v2HZgvHFf6kMbx8j1ZBYcGpPTLA23w9w-tzlzVe5CWc4rYwQkoLFdScDKdr-FZzbznY/s1600/T.A.+Stephens+Letter+1917.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="595" data-original-width="480" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeXfY9Pqh41_z-LcBqmxN5uu1uaO7MDz843stNc6NG09zE5Cy8rhvWyutwjH3fk_vKC_0xp5b6v2HZgvHFf6kMbx8j1ZBYcGpPTLA23w9w-tzlzVe5CWc4rYwQkoLFdScDKdr-FZzbznY/s640/T.A.+Stephens+Letter+1917.jpg" width="516" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
This is the original letter that T.A. Stephen's new bride Lydia received
after he had died of wounds in Belgium in 1917. They had only been married two
years.<br />
<br />
Thomas Alexander Stephen, son of Armenians from Calcutta Stephen Simon
Stephen and Catherine his wife. They had died prior to his joining the war
effort.<br />
<br />
Placed for sale as war memorabilia, I purchased it to save another small
piece of Armenian history from being lost. Note the crunched up creases on the paper. Could this have been Lydia's reaction to the terrible news? The agony of her loss, the cast aside letter screwed up into a ball and thrown away in disbelief.<br />
<br />
And then retrieved.<br />
<br />
Carefully and lovingly smoothed out and fixed to a piece of cardboard and stored. A focus for her grief.<br />
<br />
T.A. Stephen's grandfather, Simon Stephens was the first recorded marriage
in the register of the Armenian Church Singapore and he was also co-founder of Apcar &
Stephens.<br />
<br />
To read a detailed account of Armenians in Singapore and Malaysia, <a href="https://www.amassia.com.au/" target="_blank">Nadia Wright's book 'Respected Citizens' is a must. </a> You may also find her other book 'Armenians in Singapore: A Short History' also of interest. Obtainable on the same link.Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-3904296410939967082019-07-07T20:22:00.000+01:002019-07-07T20:22:38.481+01:00Stephen Family of Dacca<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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The unravelling of family history and their associated
stories can sometimes take unusual twists and turns. Armenian family history in
Asia is no different. There were only 126 Armenians in Dhaka in 1831 in 42
houses, averaging 3 people per household<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
Along side them was a small population of Greek residents numbering just 48,
the Portuguese community had 144 people and there were just 4 who were French.
By contrast there were over 31,000 Hindus and in excess of 35,000 Muslims. The
Christian community was negligible. </div>
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<a href="http://chater-genealogy.blogspot.com/2019/05/joakim-gregory-nicholas-pogose-founder.html" target="_blank">In an earlier story I uncovered previously unknowninformation on the founder of the Pogose School in Dhaka, Joaquim GregoryNicholas Pogose aka Nicky Pogose who married Mariam Avdall the daughter ofJohannes Avdall, headmaster of the Armenian College and Philanthropic Academyin Kolkata.</a> Johannes had at least ten children all born in Calcutta. Two other
daughters of his also settled in Dacca, having married Armenian merchants of
that city. </div>
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For those of you who like facts and figures, sources and
citations as well as biographical details, this is for you.</div>
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One of the other daughters of Johannes Avdall was
Catherine Avdall who married another leading Dhaka community member, Zemander,
Stephen Johannes Stephen<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
He quickly dropped his Christian name and was known as Johannes Stephen<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
Together they had at least five children between 1854 and 1860.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After Catherine’s untimely death in 1861<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
aged just 25 years, </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnXjGXsgBoOZfT26wXHnRBpt-Yyvg1AqoZXzLsUYshuLv7io1PwtEegokFHWxaB_LJj9NHdnfpS_kqV8kkpgHalOz5j_UUIPA_TiWEhh5viLXiJcJEtzRwinMo1mjjVGx95uF0lA1N-9w/s1600/wall+plaque+for+catherine+wife+of+j+stephen+at+st+thomas%2527s+church+dhaka-01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="654" data-original-width="808" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnXjGXsgBoOZfT26wXHnRBpt-Yyvg1AqoZXzLsUYshuLv7io1PwtEegokFHWxaB_LJj9NHdnfpS_kqV8kkpgHalOz5j_UUIPA_TiWEhh5viLXiJcJEtzRwinMo1mjjVGx95uF0lA1N-9w/s320/wall+plaque+for+catherine+wife+of+j+stephen+at+st+thomas%2527s+church+dhaka-01.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Johannes Stephen found himself in the unenviable position
of having to care for his young family from infant to aged 7. Johannes
remarried for a second time in 1867<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
at the Catholic Church in Dacca to 17 year old Annie Ter Martyrose with whom he
went on to have at least four further children. </div>
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Their marriage celebrant was Fr. Felix Francis Mari
Fortunate Marzuchelli, a charismatic, well travelled Italian priest, who was a
Doctor of Philosophy and a Professor of Literature. Fr. Felix had married in
1853 in Geneva, Switzerland to an English young lady from Somerset called
Elizabeth Harris.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
He had been appointed Chaplain at Dacca in April 1867 but stayed only a year or
so, before moving to Darjeeling,<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span></span></a></span></span>
then later Hazaribagh.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Eventually, he and Elizabeth (who was known as Nina) settled in England. The
marriage he conducted between Johannes Stephen and Annie would have been one of
the first after his arrival in Dacca from England.</div>
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By the time Annie was 24 years of age she was looking
after Johannes’s nine children from two marriages.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0__Q-kNzop1rlyqPIz54CguiTPIrWKVEii201TvkTa-xw-k8I6Hw3xrPrbrtDUHPYBKd561VcTB5E869fj-t4dkcsebV-wAewka_FfU8pR6RSgF_xW_61cYMx3t81mJlS4cfS2-I0sNU/s1600/Stephen+Family+Tree+-+Johannes%252B2+generations.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1326" data-original-width="748" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0__Q-kNzop1rlyqPIz54CguiTPIrWKVEii201TvkTa-xw-k8I6Hw3xrPrbrtDUHPYBKd561VcTB5E869fj-t4dkcsebV-wAewka_FfU8pR6RSgF_xW_61cYMx3t81mJlS4cfS2-I0sNU/s400/Stephen+Family+Tree+-+Johannes%252B2+generations.jpg" width="225" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chart showing the immediate family tree of Johannes Stephen of Dacca.<br />
Image: Liz Chater</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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The children Johannes Stephen and Catherine were:</div>
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1. Twin sons born in 1854, Dacca<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
One named <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">St. John Stephen</b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a>,
the other didn’t survive.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBd33seWGTbeKkXReihwwmHH8nvJClAbC7YuCiSsBaoxpHi25B7wqF6FlQW12z_UeOr4SlrL71dJCTl6WHIsYfq-LgMgsGRzS17N8uhhoR9E3GXXixQlKXeEU7S_Zbzp95upVhoIyOeZQ/s1600/st+john+stephen+baptism+montage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1295" data-original-width="1600" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBd33seWGTbeKkXReihwwmHH8nvJClAbC7YuCiSsBaoxpHi25B7wqF6FlQW12z_UeOr4SlrL71dJCTl6WHIsYfq-LgMgsGRzS17N8uhhoR9E3GXXixQlKXeEU7S_Zbzp95upVhoIyOeZQ/s320/st+john+stephen+baptism+montage.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">St. John Stephen,</b>
a life bachelor who was educated at St. Paul's Darjeeling, North India. In the
autumn of 1873 he travelled to England and from that time up to March 1875, St.
John was privately tutored by Mr. Walter Wren, of Powis Square London, who
specialised in intensive tuition predominantly preparing students for the
British Army.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moving swiftly from Powis
Square, St. John commenced his residency at Caius College, Cambridge in October
1875. In June of the following year he was elected a foundation scholar, he
went on to achieve first place in all his college examinations each year he was
there. Mr. Routh was his private tutor and Rev. N.M. Ferrers his college tutor<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
He studied law, and was called to the Bar in 1880 at the Inner Temple, London,
going on to practice at the High Court, Calcutta<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
St. John was also a member of Managing Committee of the Armenian College and
Philanthropic Academy in Calcutta in 1901, taking a very keen interest in the
students and their further education<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
He died in Calcutta in 1915 of cardiac syncope and is buried in the Lower
Circular Road cemetery.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
In his will he appointed his sisters, Rosie and Kate as executrixes. He
bequeathed to his brother Kent, a gold watch that had once belonged to their
father Johannes. The remainder of his estate went to Rosie and Kate<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.</div>
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2. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kent Hume
Stephen</b> born in 1856, Dacca<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.</div>
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Kent married another Armenian, Barbara Melitus in June
1895 in Kensington, London.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Barbara had been born in Calcutta in 1868<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
to Gregory Paul Melitus and Mary née Elias. Through her father’s mother Anna
Maria, Barbara can trace her family back to Coja Sultan David Shahmir, an
eminent merchant of Madras who was born in Julfa around 1690 and died in 1754
in Pondicherry. Extraordinarily, as a side note, Shahmir’s tombstone was found
in 1997 in a ship wreck of an East India vessel “Earl Temple” on the southern
edge of Thitu Reef in the South China Sea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was eventually raised from the deep. Further and more detailed
information on how an Armenian gravestone was discovered at the bottom of the
ocean can be found in ‘Up from the Watery Deep. The Discovery of an Armenian
Gravestone in the South China Sea’ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">By
Susan E. Schopp</i>. </div>
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Barbara Melitus’s own maternal line is just as
illustrious, her grandfather was Agha Owen John Elias, locally well known in
Calcutta as a generous and philanthropic man during his lifetime. A memorial wall
plaque inside the Armenian Church Kolkata indicates the high esteem he was
held. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Sacred to the memory of the late
Owen John Elias Esquire. Born 1st November 1786. Died 12th March 1860. This
tablet is erected by the Armenian community of this place as a mark of their
appreciation of his private and public virtues. His charities to widows and
orphans and the poor will not remain unrewarded in heaven. His gifts to the
churches, schools, asylums and hospitals, which have made his name to be
generally respected have specially endeared it to his own countrymen.”</i>
Remarkably, there are portraits of Agha Owen John Elias and his wife Barbara
hanging in a beautiful country house in England, “Chenies Manor” in
Buckinghamshire, and, according to their tour guides, are often complimented on
by members of the general public who visit the estate.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Meanwhile, in 1875 Kent enrolled in the Royal Indian
Engineering College in Staines, Middlesex studying there until July 1878. He
gained his first engineering position on the London and North Western Railway
between October 1878 and March 1879, then Chatham Water Works between April and
August 1879.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With this civil engineering
experience behind him, he returned to India and was employed with the India
Public Works in irrigation for the next 24 years<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></a>,
eventually retiring back to England in 1903.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Extraordinarily, our research coordinator, Liz Chater has
in her archive, a copy of the original marriage settlement made between Barbara
Melitus and Kent Stephen<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXJkzLNCScoYRybL7yzaL9nnvSpTykhNTf9O2fp8TQTvZFdxcd68hqzrtqema-z3v2X430vzfFVZPVdBur-GV2vyzgkmmOdmiT5XtbEZGCkgFFiIuG8xacMmjfgy2zmB-yqfJ-SBJRGt8/s1600/IMG_3384-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXJkzLNCScoYRybL7yzaL9nnvSpTykhNTf9O2fp8TQTvZFdxcd68hqzrtqema-z3v2X430vzfFVZPVdBur-GV2vyzgkmmOdmiT5XtbEZGCkgFFiIuG8xacMmjfgy2zmB-yqfJ-SBJRGt8/s320/IMG_3384-a.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The original marriage settlement document between<br />
Kent Hume Stephen and Barbara Melitus.<br />
Image: Liz Chater, with thanks to Peter Melitus</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
He and Barbara lived at 46 Holland Park Road, London, and
her parents lived at 47. He passed away in 1907 in Kent, leaving his widow
Barbara. She also died in Kent in 1938. They didn’t have any children.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Prior to her marriage to Kent Stephen, Barbara was
“presented” to Queen Victoria in one of the regular “Drawing Room” gatherings
of London society, an honour for any up and coming young lady. This particular
soiree was covered in great detail in the newspapers, and the occasion, with a
meticulous description of the dresses worn by Barbara and her mother were
included.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Liz Chater’s archive contains
copies of photographic images of mother and daughter taken at the event. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr1btPK-ks5nrdldCX4JZ6Xnfv7N_crapznvIDc6rs9CHOWMA6pGqV3bmYCNvzPxybOZ90OO1cRTUM8IiDfo5nDH9kfhXljKtlY_jDbixtwkPvcywVnwZAmCoA5wG7VeogY337jzTyHLc/s1600/melitus+drawing+room+gowns+montage-2aa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1237" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr1btPK-ks5nrdldCX4JZ6Xnfv7N_crapznvIDc6rs9CHOWMA6pGqV3bmYCNvzPxybOZ90OO1cRTUM8IiDfo5nDH9kfhXljKtlY_jDbixtwkPvcywVnwZAmCoA5wG7VeogY337jzTyHLc/s320/melitus+drawing+room+gowns+montage-2aa.jpg" width="247" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mrs. Gregory Paul Melitus in the top picture is Mary (nee Elias),<br />
sister of Mammar Bagram (nee Elias). Mary's daughter is below.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="hascaption"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="hascaption"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The extraordinary thing about
these pictures is that when I was shown them a few years ago, the owners
didn't know who they were or what the occasion was, just that they were
"Melitus" ladies. With some time and a lot of patience I have been
able to establish that they were in fact mother and daughter, Mary (wife of
Gregory Paul Melitus) and Barbara Melitus.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6J05P_SQgOOOLyz_rXnLBm_CWjehcY5vtG66Shemp71tMPvumNaYWnQ5PIzi46QqCJlBmpBV5iOPNryXlQcsOPnQKYzz8udE6GhTjYpnWqCYrl4ts_cRd8AWlRuHLCoOF_fwxyHp7XCM/s1600/G+P+MELITUS+-+IMG_3442-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="903" data-original-width="768" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6J05P_SQgOOOLyz_rXnLBm_CWjehcY5vtG66Shemp71tMPvumNaYWnQ5PIzi46QqCJlBmpBV5iOPNryXlQcsOPnQKYzz8udE6GhTjYpnWqCYrl4ts_cRd8AWlRuHLCoOF_fwxyHp7XCM/s320/G+P+MELITUS+-+IMG_3442-a.jpg" width="272" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Original oil portrait of Gregory Paul Melitus. <br />
Image: Liz Chater<br />
Original painting owned by the Melitus family</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
3. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rosaline Stephen</b>
born in 1857, Dacca<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Rosie and her sister Kate (Catherine) both remained
spinsters. As their parents Catherine and Johannes had passed away in 1861 and
1876 respectively, and their stepmother Annie had passed away in 1893, it would
have been a daunting prospect to continue to live in India without immediate
family around them. The Armenian community in Dacca was becoming smaller
towards the end of the 19<sup>th</sup>/early 20<sup>th</sup> centuries, a
number of whom were naturally migrating to England. Rosie and Kate made that
choice as well, no doubt encouraged by their brother Kent. The sisters lived
together in London at 26 Chepstow Villas, Bayswater. Kate died in 1926 before
Rosie, who passed away in 1938. The two sisters are buried together at Mitcham
Road Cemetery, Croydon, Surrey.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
In Rosie’s will she left the following bequests
summarised as follows:</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiAAmXYiv5sb9RLh0YpOoN8vXBWhg2JzmS_uALIrSBFu7yPkhn-W8muFzk7Ss_cgLBIPxSQFwmc4siRzBr_Ii1YoUkVFaApood7d0TEHn_VzJPpH2GdoN9EeQZ1JmUfIp3iixeMdlgLeI/s1600/rosie+stephen+will+front+page.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="691" data-original-width="1248" height="177" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiAAmXYiv5sb9RLh0YpOoN8vXBWhg2JzmS_uALIrSBFu7yPkhn-W8muFzk7Ss_cgLBIPxSQFwmc4siRzBr_Ii1YoUkVFaApood7d0TEHn_VzJPpH2GdoN9EeQZ1JmUfIp3iixeMdlgLeI/s320/rosie+stephen+will+front+page.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Front page of the Will of Rosaline Stephen.<br />
Image: Liz Chater's private archive</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Furniture to be distributed according to Rosie's written
wishes in a separate letter, unfortunately these were not attached to my copy
of the will.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
£500 to niece Ellen Primrose Saunders</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
£500 to grand-niece Winifred Joan Newill </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
£500 to cousin Florence Macnaughten Stephen</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
£500 to be held in trust for grand nephew Michael Stephen<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
to be paid to him when he attains the age of 21. During his minority the income
from the £500 is to be used for his education and maintenance.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
An amount sufficient to provide a tombstone for her grave
and to maintain the tombstones and graves of siblings, Mackintosh John Stephen
and Kate Stephen as well as Rosie's grave.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The residue of her estate to be invested and form the
following trusts.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
1. one 4th part for "Our Dumb Friends League"
72 Victoria Street SW1</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
2. one 4th part for "The Dogs Home" of 4
Battersea Park Road, SW8</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
3. one 4th part for the School for the Blind Swiss
Cottage NW3</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
4. one 4th part for "The Friends of the Poor"
Gentlefolks Department 40 Ebury Street SW1</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
There were very specific instructions that the leasehold
on her residence of 26 Chepstow Villas was not be sold to the person or persons
owning the freehold "even though such person or persons owning the
freehold shall offer a higher price therefore than anyone else."</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
In a codicil made and dated 29th April 1931, Rosie made
the following changes, clearly reassessing her priorities:</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
“I revoke the legacies of £500 to Ellen Primrose Saunders
and Winifred Joan Newill and instead bequeathed them £100 each.”</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
She re-confirmed the £500 legacy to her cousin Florence
Macnaughten Stephen.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Rosie bequeathed to her maid, Winifred Victoria Pope £200
"as a memento of the faithful service and consideration she has shewn
me"</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Rosie revoked the legacy to Michael Stephen of £500 to be
kept in trust and changed it to £100 to be kept in trust until he attained the
age of 21.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
4. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Carapiet
Stephen</b> born in 1858, Dacca</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Carapiet or Carr Stephen married Ellen Nora Read in June
1883 at All Saints Church, Kensington.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[24]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
They had two children: </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaRnshkws7oQ4dLB2ClSR-06m3RdJKRyU_yIASdjL3E3Jls78pS_fSvKkaPiE2yCeVSfbd_ExCBY5x0L3k_OkEjfcyx6a-m9nwERA5oNiFn63m5Y_FPxLqme_jojXOQjwZ1yU1By05krk/s1600/Ellen+Nora+Read+chart-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="572" data-original-width="1595" height="114" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaRnshkws7oQ4dLB2ClSR-06m3RdJKRyU_yIASdjL3E3Jls78pS_fSvKkaPiE2yCeVSfbd_ExCBY5x0L3k_OkEjfcyx6a-m9nwERA5oNiFn63m5Y_FPxLqme_jojXOQjwZ1yU1By05krk/s320/Ellen+Nora+Read+chart-2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Family tree chart showing the two marriages of<br />
Ellen Nora Stephen nee Read later Noble.<br />
Image: Liz Chater</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Primrose Ellen Stephen born in Palace Gardens Terrace,
Kensington in 1884<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[25]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
and </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Christopher Gerald Stephen born in Calcutta in 1890<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[26]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
As can already be seen, Primrose was remembered in her
Aunt Rosie’s will (above). In 1906 at Delhi, Primrose went on to marry Ernest
Howie Saunders, a captain in the Royal Irish Rifles.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[27]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
The marriage was witnessed by her mother Ellen who by that time had remarried
to Montague Mark Noble<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[28]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
Ellen’s first husband and father of Primrose had passed away in 1896 in
Cawnpore,<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[29]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
where he was buried<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[30]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
A few lines about Primrose’s husband Ernest. He was a
highly regarded and decorated soldier who had been captured at Reddersburg
South Africa on the 4 April 1900<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[31]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
and held as a prisoner of war with Winston Churchill and Lord Asquith during
the Boer War.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
He was born 18 November 1877, son of Colonel William
Egerton Saunders, CB. He was educated at Dove’s College and then Sandhurst
Military School when he passed out in 1894<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[32]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
He entered the Royal Irish Rifles 8 September 1897, as Second Lieutenant,
becoming Lieutenant in the Army 8 December 1899, and in the Royal Irish Rifles
24 February 1900. He served in the South African War, 1899-1902; employed with
Mounted Infantry; took part in the operations in Orange Free State, March to
April 1900; in the Transvaal, June to November 1900; also in Cape Colony, 1899
to 1900 mentioned in Despatches<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[33]</span></span></span></span></span></a>;
awarded Queen's Medal with three clasps, and King's Medal with two clasps. He
was created a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[34]</span></span></span></span></span></a>:
"Ernest Howie Saunders, Lieutenant, Royal Irish Rifles. In recognition of
services during the operations in South Africa". He was invested by the
King 18 December 1902. On 8 September 1900, he was promoted to Captain in the
Army, and on 24 November 1908 was transferred to the Indian Army, in which he
became Major 1 September 1915. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
QSA (3) CC OFS Trans (Lt, DSO RIR), KSA (2) (Lt, DSO
RIR), 1914 Star and Bar (Capt, DSO, S&TC), BWM, Victory Medal with MID
(Maj), 1911 Delhi Durbar.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[35]</span></span></span></span></span></a> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
During WW1 Ernest sustained a gunshot wound to his knee.
He was admitted to hospital in England where he convalesced for 10 months
eventually being transferred to a military camp in Syria.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[36]</span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
As I watched the 75<sup>th</sup> anniversary
commemorations for D Day in Portsmouth on the 5<sup>th</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup>
June this year, I couldn’t help but think of Lt. Col. Ernest H. Saunders,
although not a WW2 soldier he was ready to serve wherever he was required. In
1939 he declared he “was awaiting orders from the war office” and was
conveniently living in Portsmouth, close to the military base, still wanting to
“do his bit” for his country even though he was now in his 60’s. During his
career he served his country with honour, dedication and commitment but his
service record has faded as the years have passed by.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is ironic that he died alone in March 1956
in Portsmouth, Hampshire, with just a local roadsweeper and two military
representatives attending his funeral.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
From the newspaper obituary: </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“A
Lieutenant-Colonel who won the D.S.O. and was captured with Mr. Winston
Churchill and Lord Asquith in the Boer War was buried yesterday week.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">And his only close
friend at the funeral was a roadsweeper.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The old soldier was
Lieut-Col. Ernest Howie Saunders (78) of 120 Stubbington Avenue, North End, and
his roadsweeper friend was Mr. R.Palmer, who since the death of Mrs. Palmer had
taken over her duties and kept house for the Colonel.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“I knew the Colonel
for 20 years” Mr. Palmer told a reporter.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“He had no
relations apart from a daughter living in Kenya, so I have made all the funeral
arrangements and for the time being, I am paying for them”.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The funeral did not
pass completely unnoticed, however.Two ex-servicemen’s associations were
represented.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The South African
War Veterans’ Association by their Present Capt. R.R. Clay, and the Old
Comtemptibles by their Vice-Chairman, Mr.J. Spillane.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mr. and Mrs. S.P.
Rainsdale, of the Portsmouth Golf Club were also at the funeral as the Colonel
was one of the club’s original members.”</i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[37]</span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Ernest came from an extraordinary line of military men,
his father, grandfather and great grandfather were all highly decorated in the
British Army and Navy respectively. This really was an appalling end for such a
respected military veteran. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Ernest Saunders was buried in Milton Cemetery,
Portsmouth, Hampshire on the 8<sup>th</sup> March 1956, reunited with his wife
Primrose Ellen who had died on the 10<sup>th</sup> April 1938 at St. Mary’s
Hospital Portsmouth of myocardial degeneration and pernicious anaemia<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[38]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
She was buried on the 14th April 1938. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
There was never a headstone placed on the plot for
Primrose Ellen nor later Ernest, presumably the roadsweeper was unable to fund
a memorial stone. Tragically this makes his illustrious career even more
forgotten.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The plot was never tended or
remembered by either families and became abandoned very quickly. Portsmouth
City Council reclaimed it in 1981 and used it for an unrelated burial of a
female on top of the remains of Ernest and Primrose. It remains unattended,
except for the cemetery grounds-men doing their general rounds.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Anyone wishing to pay their last respects to Lieutenant
Colonel Ernest Saunders D.S.O., and Primrose can visit the unmarked grave at
Plot T, Row 18, Grave 12.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[39]</span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Ernest and Primrose’s daughter, Winifred was born in
Meerut, India in 1909. Winifred was remembered in her great aunt Rosie’s will
who bequeathed a legacy of £500. In a later codicil this was reduced to £100.
Winifred married a military gentleman, Wilfred Marston Newill in Kensington,
London in 1928.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[40]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
She passed away in Perth, Australia in 1967<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[41]</span></span></span></span></span></a>,
her husband Wilfred had passed away in Kenya in 1963<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[42]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Primrose’s mother Ellen, went on to have a least one
child called Montague Horatio Nelson Aubrey [M.H.N.A.] Noble in 1897 with her
second husband the highly ambitious forces veteran Montague Mark Noble.
Montague Jr also joined the services and was awarded the Military Cross during
WW1<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[43]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
</div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
M.H.N.A.Noble was half-sibling to Primrose and
Christopher who were twelve and six years old respectively when their father
Carapiet Stephen died in 1896.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As
Ellen’s husband and the children’s step-father, Montague Noble took on the
responsibility of parental guidance during their formative years, and it was
his influence that was the driving force for his young step-son Christopher
Stephen to join the military; it was the same path for his own natural son
Montague.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Contrary to popular belief,
there was no military connection for Christopher’s Stephen line in India or
Dacca. The Stephen’s were merchants not soldiers. Ultimately, Ellen outlived
her highly decorated second husband Montague, he died in 1922 and is buried in
the Brompton Road Cemetery in London. In his Will of 30 May 1918, Montague provided
only for his widow Ellen, his son by her and any future issue his son may have,
there were no bequests to his step-children Primrose or Christopher<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn44;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[44]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
Ellen passed away in June 1931 and she is buried with her second husband in
Brompton Road cemetery.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn45;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[45]</span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
5. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Catherine
Stephen</b>, born in 1860, Dacca</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Kate remained a spinster and lived together with her
sister Rosie at 26 Chepstow Villas, Bayswater. She passed away in December 1926
leaving all her estate to Rosie. The two sisters are buried together at Mitcham
Road Cemetery, Croydon, Surrey</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The children of Johannes Stephen’s second marriage with
Annie Ter Martyrose<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>were:</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
6. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mkrtich Stephen</b>,
born in 1868, Dacca</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Mkrtich anglicised his name and became known as
Mackintosh John Stephen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A life long
bachelor, having joined the Indian Postal Service in June 1893, he worked his
way up through the ranks and in December 1895 was promoted to superintendent.
Within a short time he was appointed personal assistant to the Deputy
Postmaster General in Burma between November 1898 and March 1909. Further
success came when he was promoted to deputy Postmaster General and Inspector
General of the Railway Mail Service and Sorting in October 1913. A new
appointment came in June 1918 as Deputy Postmaster General for Bengal and Assam
and his final post was Postmaster General for Bihar and Orissa in July
1921.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He retired to England in May 1924<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn46;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[46]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In his will dated 8<sup>th</sup> November
1928 he left a small legacy to a female friend in London, Miss Ruby Middleton
and the remainder of his estate he left to his brother Stephen Paul Stephen
with a note that under his discretion Stephen should distribute gifts to
friends and family already mentioned to him verbally by Mackintosh<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn47;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[47]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
He passed away in April 1929 in Brighton<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn48;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[48]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
7. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stephanos Stephen</b>,
born in 1870, Dacca</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Stephanos anglicised his name and became known as Stephen
Paul Stephen, he described himself as a mercantile merchant. Just like his
siblings he too moved to London upon retirement where, as a bachelor, he lived
in Pembridge Square, Notting Hill Gate. His net estate was valued at a modest
£3,600 and apart from a small legacy of £100 to his brother Mackintosh, Stephen
went to great lengths to ensure his old servant in India named as Bhikari Das
in the village of Oltanga should receive Rupees 1,000<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn49;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[49]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
Stephen died in April 1930 in Menton, France<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn50;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[50]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
and was the last surviving son of Johannes Stephen.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
8. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Robert
Abercrombie Stephen</b>, born in 1872, Dacca</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Robert began working for the Indian Government in May
1894<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn51;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[51]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
Like his brother Mackintosh, he too rose through the ranks, became a magistrate
and went on to be the deputy Commissioner for Excise and Salt in Bengal. Robert
married twice, firstly to Ivy Sherman in Simla in 1908<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn52;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[52]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
and secondly to Vida Judd in 1919.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn53;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[53]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Robert died in the Calcutta General Hospital, Woodburn Ward of cardiac failure
and was buried in the Lower Circular Road cemetery by Rev. E. Keeling of St.
Thomas’s Church<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn54;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[54]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
9. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elizabeth
Stephen</b>, born in 1874, Dacca</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Young Elizabeth lived only until she was eight years of
age. She died in Barrackpore of pneumonia in 1882.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn55" name="_ftnref55" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn55;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[55]</span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Zemindar, Johannes Stephen died in Dacca in November 1876
of fever and piles.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn56" name="_ftnref56" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn56;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[56]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
Annie his second wife, died in 1893 in Allahabad of hepatitis and broncho
pneumonia.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn57" name="_ftnref57" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn57;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[57]</span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Johannes had at least 6 siblings:</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
1. Catherine, born 1825, remained a spinster, died in
Barrackpore 1907.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn58" name="_ftnref58" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn58;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[58]</span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
2. Kent Hume Stephen, born 1830, Dacca. Became a deputy
magistrate. Died at Singapore on his way to Hong Kong January 1868.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn59" name="_ftnref59" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn59;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[59]</span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
3. Carr Stephen, born 1835, married Rosamond Eleanor Parry
in Delhi in 1870<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn60" name="_ftnref60" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn60;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[60]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They went on to have at least five children: </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Catherine Julie Stephen<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn61" name="_ftnref61" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn61;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[61]</span></span></span></span></span></a>;
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Alice Isabel Mary Stephen<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn62" name="_ftnref62" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn62;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[62]</span></span></span></span></span></a>;
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Carr St. John Stephen<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn63" name="_ftnref63" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn63;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[63]</span></span></span></span></span></a>;
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Robert Hume Stephen<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn64" name="_ftnref64" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn64;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[64]</span></span></span></span></span></a>;
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Florence McNaughten Stephen<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn65" name="_ftnref65" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn65;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[65]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Carr Stephen was a barrister, passing the Bar exam in
June 1866. He rose to become a judge in the small cause court in the Punjab. He
published three books:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>"Indian
Registration Act", "Handbook for Delhi" and "Archaeology of
Delhi". Carr died in Delhi in 1891 of heart disease<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn66" name="_ftnref66" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn66;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[66]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
Meanwhile his wife Rosamond had set sail from London in December 1887<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn67" name="_ftnref67" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn67;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[67]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
on the vessel “Port Piri” en route to Las Palmas in the Canary Islands taking
her young children, Alice aged 12, Carr aged 9, Bertie aged 7 and Florence aged
3 years with her. Having arrived in early February 1888, the family were there
less than a month when Rosamond passed away on the island<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn68" name="_ftnref68" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn68;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[68]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
It would appear Rosamond’s own extended and complicated step-family in England
may well have taken the children under their wing. The children were educated
in England; Alice and Florence in Suffolk, whilst Carr and Robert were schooled
in London. Carr became a travelling salesman whilst Robert devoted himself to
his religious beliefs and became a clergyman. Alice took vows and became a nun
at the Convent of Poor Clares, Herefordshire and although nothing is known of
Florence, she was clearly in the thoughts of her cousin Rosaline Stephen who
had written her will in 1931 and left a small legacy to her.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
4. Aratoon Johannes Stephen, born 1836. Married Mary
Sarkies in February 1860 at the Armenian Church Dacca.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn69" name="_ftnref69" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn69;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[69]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
They had at least five children: </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
St. George Kent Hume Stephen 1861<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn70" name="_ftnref70" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn70;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[70]</span></span></span></span></span></a>;
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Jan Denkin Stephen 1862<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn71" name="_ftnref71" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn71;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[71]</span></span></span></span></span></a>;
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Gulnabath Stephen 1863<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn72" name="_ftnref72" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn72;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[72]</span></span></span></span></span></a>;
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Arratoon St. John Stephen 1875<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn73" name="_ftnref73" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn73;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[73]</span></span></span></span></span></a>;
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Margaret Stephen 1877<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn74" name="_ftnref74" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn74;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[74]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
During the early 1880s Aratoon Johannes Stephen, a
landholder, had lived at the Chowringhee Hotel in Kolkata.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Embroiled in litigation in which he tried to
defend a case where he had taken a loan from a money lender in Kolkata in the
name of his eldest son, he lost and was declared insolvent. He made attempts to
clear his debts, but was unsuccessful and then as the Sub-Editor of ‘The
Statesman’ he was again declared insolvent 1887. By 1889 his Official Assignee
declared a small dividend payment to his creditors. He continued to work as the
Sub-Editor of The Statesman until his death in 1900 in Calcutta. He was buried
in Park Street cemetery<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn75" name="_ftnref75" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn75;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[75]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
5. Mackertich Stephen born 1837, studied law and passed
the Bar exam at Lincoln’s Inn. The attached rare letter<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn76" name="_ftnref76" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn76;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[76]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
signed in a very unsteady hand by him and dated just a month before he died,
makes one wonder if he was attempting to get his personal affairs in
order.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He died a bachelor on the 3<sup>rd</sup>
June 1867 in Dacca and is buried in the compound of the Armenian Church<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn77" name="_ftnref77" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn77;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[77]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2ooW0saCrqqwqToDwjULH6tjEkXrH5s1ggJQ-5fi0zcVzJvfKtclXEMqzyoZPuC7apo9iwLERXLyjoRBx4HHesoeDF-8302CeA9ufWZ4ZcGM7V95Dr0tYBfEFZBtLgUlMn9w4iKyPspo/s1600/1867+may+4+Mackertich+Stephen+requests+certificate+of+Call+to+Bar-001aa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="997" data-original-width="640" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2ooW0saCrqqwqToDwjULH6tjEkXrH5s1ggJQ-5fi0zcVzJvfKtclXEMqzyoZPuC7apo9iwLERXLyjoRBx4HHesoeDF-8302CeA9ufWZ4ZcGM7V95Dr0tYBfEFZBtLgUlMn9w4iKyPspo/s320/1867+may+4+Mackertich+Stephen+requests+certificate+of+Call+to+Bar-001aa.jpg" width="205" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Liz Chater's private archive</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
6. William Stephen<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn78" name="_ftnref78" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn78;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[78]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
Nothing is known about him.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Their parents were Johannes Stephen Snr. (born 1790
Julfa) and Goolnabad.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Johannes Snr married twice, first to Goolnabad around
1822, she passed away in Dacca in January 1838 aged 35 years<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn79" name="_ftnref79" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn79;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[79]</span></span></span></span></span></a>
and is buried in the grounds of the Armenian Church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He quickly remarried in December 1838 to
Sultana Athanes, granddaughter of Alexander Panioty who was the doyen of the
Greek community of Dacca. She passed away in January 1843 and is buried in the
Armenian Church compound in Dacca.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn80" name="_ftnref80" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn80;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[80]</span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGxvVgMTOHquIlKo4nbI7B7mNronRIxBkYMjyufECpmX2jpP7fDBk6QlkXBomCWi1UpfqaUaw4XtdZlHGx5H_QdTnSK3HVXUla_yUUeya5GumC9yCnfifkaTOfYVthNAb3zMoKJ9M_sVM/s1600/johannes-stephen-2aa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="683" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGxvVgMTOHquIlKo4nbI7B7mNronRIxBkYMjyufECpmX2jpP7fDBk6QlkXBomCWi1UpfqaUaw4XtdZlHGx5H_QdTnSK3HVXUla_yUUeya5GumC9yCnfifkaTOfYVthNAb3zMoKJ9M_sVM/s320/johannes-stephen-2aa.jpg" width="213" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grave of Johannes Stephen.<br />
Image: Liz Chater</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh73n279qKiGtIMp7rWHX1d56aC7vZuzS8sGY2r-G66qBRvpOPQFnvKibdeu6NaOhMGN5yEQPwLGyuJFmZThePhziUX8umsbmi1A9_lOrxIvJAbsXebUKTYieODa2o8XUMkKcPlNB7_Hg0/s1600/goolrabad-j-stephen+%25285%2529-aa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh73n279qKiGtIMp7rWHX1d56aC7vZuzS8sGY2r-G66qBRvpOPQFnvKibdeu6NaOhMGN5yEQPwLGyuJFmZThePhziUX8umsbmi1A9_lOrxIvJAbsXebUKTYieODa2o8XUMkKcPlNB7_Hg0/s320/goolrabad-j-stephen+%25285%2529-aa.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grave of Goolnabad Stephen.<br />
Image: Liz Chater</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Johannes Stephen Snr had two sisters, Catherine and
Mariam who were also based in Dhaka. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Catherine<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Ref9686879"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn81" name="_ftnref81" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn81;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Ref9686879;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[81]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Ref9686879;"></span> married Gregory Thorose, a tide waiter
with Calcutta Customs around 1812. They had two daughters Huripsimah Regina
Thorose Gregory<span style="mso-field-code: " NOTEREF _Ref9686879 \\f \\h \\* MERGEFORMAT ";"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">71</span></span></span> and Nanajan Nanook Thorose Gregory<span style="mso-field-code: " NOTEREF _Ref9686879 \\f \\h \\* MERGEFORMAT ";"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">71</span></span></span>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Mariam<span style="mso-field-code: " NOTEREF _Ref9686879 \\f \\h \\* MERGEFORMAT ";"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">67</span></span></span> had married 3 times, all in Dhaka<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn82" name="_ftnref82" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn82;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[82]</span></span></span></span></span></a>,
firstly to Martyrose Kaloos, secondly to Arratoon Michael (from whom she had
inherited on a large scale) and thirdly to an Englishman Edmund Kent Hume<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn83" name="_ftnref83" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn83;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[83]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
All three marriages were childless. After her death in 1833, her brother
Johannes Stephen Snr began court proceedings against her 3<sup>rd</sup> husband
Edmund for a share of her estate. He failed and Edmund inherited her
wealth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He went on to marry again to
Pheunnah Honor McClean in 1845<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn84" name="_ftnref84" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn84;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[84]</span></span></span></span></span></a>.
Pheunnah died on the 15<sup>th</sup> September 1849 and Edmund the following
day. They were both buried in the Christian cemetery at Dhaka.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
To give you an idea of Mariam’s wealth, here is a
selection of her properties in Dacca at the time of her death.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSBQkLDHugG7h949KVdvZb40D6uwIoiuTu5O73gI8EIRa1nRa2IG67i4xLM56kEazKm7VT1GuhfoBXOt2H2aIg4wGt8Uh030nKEVFtA4AIj4SQR2JAmL5va6zM4XxrNdV58bI9hzmP8mQ/s1600/mariam+hume+property+montage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1237" data-original-width="1600" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSBQkLDHugG7h949KVdvZb40D6uwIoiuTu5O73gI8EIRa1nRa2IG67i4xLM56kEazKm7VT1GuhfoBXOt2H2aIg4wGt8Uh030nKEVFtA4AIj4SQR2JAmL5va6zM4XxrNdV58bI9hzmP8mQ/s400/mariam+hume+property+montage.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
This example of the Stephen family network is a perfect
illustration of how quickly the Armenian connection was lost in Dhaka as
families naturally migrated to larger cities with more opportunities. Land
disputes, litigations and lack of prospects all had a negative impact, yet
those who did stay believed they could make a go of it. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Today, there are no Stephen’s left in Dhaka, their lands
in and around the city are long gone; broken up in to smaller pieces and
parcels and now heavily built upon. The numerous descendants of Johannes
Stephen Snr and his siblings are living all over the world and some of them
won’t even know of their connection to Dhaka or their Armenian heritage. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
In 1831 those 126 Armenians had no idea of the history
and legacy they were leaving behind. Today, our focus is on preserving the
Church and helping the local Dhaka people in every way we can. We continue to
build on those early foundation stones maintained over the last 200 years by
extraordinarily selfless custodians to whom we are all very grateful. The
Armenian Church in Dhaka stands today because of this small, but fiercely
strong and determined community whose presence over the centuries and decades
has been an integral part of Dhaka life.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZwFGQkMfoARclhO77MLI9d-dxjEr1fwDtYlz-G8JUaA7FJNzp5LWYvkbUtflxP3KvTRMRJdfYW8V65uj9E3g-1iTUdS-6576Z3y4KgeF8SeVdlFXVENkxfne9L4OCKSvDDGXVQzOYwck/s1600/marjorys+picture+of+dhaka-001-c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="757" data-original-width="1024" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZwFGQkMfoARclhO77MLI9d-dxjEr1fwDtYlz-G8JUaA7FJNzp5LWYvkbUtflxP3KvTRMRJdfYW8V65uj9E3g-1iTUdS-6576Z3y4KgeF8SeVdlFXVENkxfne9L4OCKSvDDGXVQzOYwck/s320/marjorys+picture+of+dhaka-001-c.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Armenian Community Dhaka 1952.<br />
Image: Armenian Heritage Project Bangladesh,<br />
courtesy of Mrs. M. Bedrossian</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Liz Chater is the coordinator and researcher for the
Armenian Heritage Project Bangladesh. <span class="textexposedshow">The project
is still accepting contributions, and is keen to reconstruct the history and
family stories of the Armenian presence in Bangladesh. The project has already
received material from contributors in the USA, Canada, UK, Australia and
India. If you have something you would like included, please get in touch via
our social media pages, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or website <a href="http://www.armenianchurchbangladesh.com/">www.armenianchurchbangladesh.com</a>.</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
Gleanings in Science, Jan-Dec 1831 Vol.3</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
The Friend of India September 1853</div>
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<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
The Friend of India 8 September 1853</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
The Friend of India 26 December 1861</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>
Marriage record N1-122-81</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
British Consulate Marriages, Geneva 1810-1968</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>
The Homeward Mail April 1867</div>
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<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
The Homeward Mail December 1875</div>
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<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>
Allen’s India Mail 17 October 1854</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenian Church baptism register No. 74</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>
The Ipswich Journal January 1879</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a>
Men At The Bar, P.446</div>
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<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a>
Report of the Managers of the Armenian College & Philanthropic Academy 1901</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a>
Burial record N1-407-129</div>
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<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a>
His Will. L/AG/34/29/161/15</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenian Church baptism register No. 83</div>
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<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a>
The Morning Post June 1895</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a>
The Times of India November 1868</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a>
UK Civil Engineer Records 1820-1930</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a>
Original document held by the Melitus family, photographed by Liz Chater in
2011 and reproduced with permission</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenian Church baptism register No. 90</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a>
The Times May 1938</div>
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<div id="ftn23" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a>
Michael was the son of Christopher Stephen, who was the son of Carr Stephen,
Carr was Rosie’s brother.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[24]</span></span></span></span></a>
Marriage certificate</div>
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<div id="ftn25" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[25]</span></span></span></span></a>
Birth certificate</div>
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<div id="ftn26" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[26]</span></span></span></span></a>
Baptism record N1-214-264</div>
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<div id="ftn27" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[27]</span></span></span></span></a>
Marriage record N1-335-56</div>
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<div id="ftn28" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[28]</span></span></span></span></a>
Marriage record N3-76-81</div>
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<div id="ftn29" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[29]</span></span></span></span></a>
Times of India 1896</div>
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<div id="ftn30" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[30]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Miscellenea<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Genealogica et Heraldica. On a recumbent marble cross: “In loving memory
of CARR STEPHEN the third son of John Stephen Esqr of Dacca, born 20<sup>th</sup>
December 1858, died 3<sup>rd</sup> February 1896, aged 37 years.”</div>
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<div id="ftn31" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[31]</span></span></span></span></a>
South African Field Force Casualty Role</div>
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<div id="ftn32" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[32]</span></span></span></span></a>
Dove’s College Register 1871-1899</div>
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<div id="ftn33" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[33]</span></span></span></span></a>
London Gazette 10 September 1901</div>
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<div id="ftn34" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[34]</span></span></span></span></a>
London Gazette 27 September 1901</div>
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<div id="ftn35" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[35]</span></span></span></span></a>
See the AngloBoerWar website for biography</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn36" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[36]</span></span></span></span></a>
British Armed Forces, First World War Soldier’s Medical Records MH 106/1221</div>
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<div id="ftn37" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[37]</span></span></span></span></a>
Hampshire Telegraph and Post 16 March 1956</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn38" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[38]</span></span></span></span></a>
Death certificate</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn39" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[39]</span></span></span></span></a>
Portsmouth City Council, Registrar of Cemeteries</div>
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<div id="ftn40" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[40]</span></span></span></span></a>
Marriage certificate</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn41" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[41]</span></span></span></span></a>
Australian Death Index</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn42" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[42]</span></span></span></span></a>
Kenyan Gazette 23 March 1964</div>
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<div id="ftn43" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[43]</span></span></span></span></a>
Haileybury records</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn44" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn44;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[44]</span></span></span></span></a>
His will L/AG/34/29/180</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn45" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn45;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[45]</span></span></span></span></a>
Burial record Brompton Cemetery, Plot 2E/40.9/20.9</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn46" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn46;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[46]</span></span></span></span></a>
UK Registers of Employees of the East India Company. India Office List.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn47" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn47;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[47]</span></span></span></span></a>
The Will of Mackintosh John Stephen </div>
</div>
<div id="ftn48" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn48;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[48]</span></span></span></span></a>
England and Wales death index</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn49" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref49" name="_ftn49" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn49;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[49]</span></span></span></span></a>
The Will of Stephen Paul Stephen</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn50" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref50" name="_ftn50" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn50;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[50]</span></span></span></span></a>
National Probate Calendar</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn51" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref51" name="_ftn51" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn51;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[51]</span></span></span></span></a>
Deaths in the Uncovenanted Service. L/AG/34/14A/12</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn52" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref52" name="_ftn52" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn52;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[52]</span></span></span></span></a>
Marriage record N1-349-67</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn53" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref53" name="_ftn53" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn53;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[53]</span></span></span></span></a>
Marriage record N1-441-103</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn54" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref54" name="_ftn54" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn54;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[54]</span></span></span></span></a>
Burial record N1-445-340</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn55" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref55" name="_ftn55" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn55;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[55]</span></span></span></span></a>
Burial record N1 182-188</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn56" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref56" name="_ftn56" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn56;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[56]</span></span></span></span></a>
Burial record N1-158-289</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn57" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref57" name="_ftn57" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn57;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[57]</span></span></span></span></a>
Burial record N1-228-156</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn58" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref58" name="_ftn58" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn58;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[58]</span></span></span></span></a>
Times of India 1907</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn59" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref59" name="_ftn59" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn59;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[59]</span></span></span></span></a>
Times of India 1868</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn60" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref60" name="_ftn60" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn60;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[60]</span></span></span></span></a>
Marriage record N1-131-423</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn61" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref61" name="_ftn61" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn61;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[61]</span></span></span></span></a>
Baptism record N1-147-20</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn62" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref62" name="_ftn62" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn62;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[62]</span></span></span></span></a>
Baptism record N1-155-64</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn63" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref63" name="_ftn63" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn63;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[63]</span></span></span></span></a>
Baptism record N1-173-66</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn64" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref64" name="_ftn64" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn64;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[64]</span></span></span></span></a>
Baptism record N1-173-66</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn65" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref65" name="_ftn65" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn65;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[65]</span></span></span></span></a>
Times of India 1883</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn66" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref66" name="_ftn66" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn66;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[66]</span></span></span></span></a>
Burial record N1-216-403</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn67" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref67" name="_ftn67" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn67;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[67]</span></span></span></span></a>
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Victoria, Australia, Assisted
and Unassisted Passenger Lists, 1839-1923</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn68" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref68" name="_ftn68" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn68;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[68]</span></span></span></span></a>
GRO Overseas Deaths</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn69" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref69" name="_ftn69" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn69;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[69]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenian Church Dhaka Marriage Register No. 22</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn70" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref70" name="_ftn70" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn70;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[70]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenian Church Dhaka Baptism Register No. 109</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn71" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref71" name="_ftn71" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn71;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[71]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenian Church Dhaka Baptism Register No. 118</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn72" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref72" name="_ftn72" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn72;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[72]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenian Church Dhaka Baptism Register No. 125</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn73" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref73" name="_ftn73" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn73;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[73]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenian Church Kolkata Baptism Register No. 1557</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn74" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref74" name="_ftn74" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn74;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[74]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenian Church Kolkata Baptism Register No. 1558</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn75" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref75" name="_ftn75" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn75;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[75]</span></span></span></span></a>
Burial record N1-285-15</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn76" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref76" name="_ftn76" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn76;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[76]</span></span></span></span></a>
From the private archive of Liz Chater</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn77" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref77" name="_ftn77" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn77;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[77]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenian Church Dhaka Burial Register No. 87</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn78" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref78" name="_ftn78" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn78;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[78]</span></span></span></span></a>
Name extracted from Indian Decision (Old Series) Vol VIII</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn79" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref79" name="_ftn79" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn79;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[79]</span></span></span></span></a>
LDS film 1356948 items 3. Also her grave</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn80" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref80" name="_ftn80" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn80;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[80]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenian Church burial Register No. 21</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn81" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref81" name="_ftn81" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn81;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[81]</span></span></span></span></a>
Will of Mary Hume</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn82" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref82" name="_ftn82" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn82;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[82]</span></span></span></span></a>
Law Report: Indian Decision 30 November 1841 No. 63</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn83" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref83" name="_ftn83" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn83;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[83]</span></span></span></span></a>
Marriage record N1-24-111</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn84" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref84" name="_ftn84" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn84;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[84]</span></span></span></span></a>
Marriage record N1-67-58</div>
</div>
</div>
Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-86392406423835017962019-05-27T20:05:00.002+01:002021-09-26T11:29:56.439+01:00Sir Paul Chater: Remembered<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Today is the anniversary of the death of <a href="http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~sirpaulchater/genealogy/biography_Paul_Chater.html" target="_blank">Sir Catchick Paul Chater</a>.
A man ahead of his time, a visionary </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifNTbgR4VR1zORlrtDVBwlqRV5KUEMoM1esLbwmSExJ4I78oPldJUGio9x9UhDKgf_Ts7nO6V6xtu0s2tK-2xiz_1-cKt4VIyQ7eQ-_r4tcjgyYuIoxXb0kMBjxZwhoyvC8UotCrsXYOE/s1600/montage+of+newspapers+reporting+death+of+sir+paul+chater.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="994" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifNTbgR4VR1zORlrtDVBwlqRV5KUEMoM1esLbwmSExJ4I78oPldJUGio9x9UhDKgf_Ts7nO6V6xtu0s2tK-2xiz_1-cKt4VIyQ7eQ-_r4tcjgyYuIoxXb0kMBjxZwhoyvC8UotCrsXYOE/s400/montage+of+newspapers+reporting+death+of+sir+paul+chater.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">At the time of Sir Paul’s death, it was suggested on more than one
occasion that there should be some sort of memorial or statue in remembrance of
his life and contribution to the development of Hong Kong. One anonymous
newspaper contributor wrote:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“……By
the passing of Sir Paul Chater</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, the colony has sustained an immeasurable
loss and the memory of this, one of the most illustrious citizens of his time
will forever be held in the history and future development of this Colony.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a resident of the Colony, the late Sir
Paul Chater</i></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>had
given his full time and money for the general welfare of the island and its
inhabitants and stood a noble example of a generous benefactor, a businessman
of marked ability, and last but not least, a man born with the true virtues and
an Empire Patriot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is only fitting
that as a recognition of Sir Paul’s</i></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>wonderful realization of one’s duty of
citizenship that a life-size statue of Sir Paul</i></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>should be put up in an appropriate place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I would suggest that as Sir Pau</i></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">l was actually the citizen who rendered the
greatest service in the public affairs of the Colony, the cost of erection of
the statue should be borne by the Government as a permanent memorial to her
most noble citizen and benefactor”. </i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1927, a year after Chater died, his staunch and loyal friend
Noel Croucher, himself holding a position in society of influence and
authority, pushed Hong Kong’s LegCo hard to have a statue of the man erected, but
even Croucher was unsuccessful in getting the Grand Old Man permanently
remembered in the Statue Square</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In February 1928, the annual report by the Kowloon Residents’
Association<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>stated: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“a committee has been formed for the purpose of erecting a statue in
memory of the late Sir Paul Chater</i></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, and they have suggested that as Kowloon
has been built up largely by the foresight and keen interest of Sir Paul</i></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, it is fitting and proper that his statue
be erected in Kowloon, to commemorate the fact that we owe a debt to his memory
which is immeasurable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was also felt
that the statue might form the centre around which a more dignified approach
might be made to the gateway of the Kowloon Peninsular.”</i> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Unfortunately, no further action was taken.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">However, it was in 2009 that <a href="https://www.hkland.com/en/home.html" target="_blank">Hongkong Land</a>, the company that Sir
Paul created in 1889 in conjunction with John Bell-Irving Chairman of Jardines
at the time, commissioned the first real tribute that Hong Kong had made
towards him. A bust and a wall plaque were placed in Chater House in Central Hong
Kong in remembrance and gratitude to his memory. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEietkMnKTwSAQnB7rD_h9YsYTW8nQCRYVX0YpN5h6jwi3VMnlojp4T4k8BWT-pEZIFsjmMtE2_HKiwZfclQaUFaN_tePLN0cd5FuGm3jSuUiq19FSxn59VR-iKGM_Tt8eu-MTioGdKyzmY/s1600/IMG_1899.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="934" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEietkMnKTwSAQnB7rD_h9YsYTW8nQCRYVX0YpN5h6jwi3VMnlojp4T4k8BWT-pEZIFsjmMtE2_HKiwZfclQaUFaN_tePLN0cd5FuGm3jSuUiq19FSxn59VR-iKGM_Tt8eu-MTioGdKyzmY/s320/IMG_1899.jpg" width="213" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image courtesy of Hongkong Land</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-mCbTjpkvWfrwcP6TqXv15yUkkvXmjHQMfLp80nfQcp2_-zZkN3fbBVefJmMbJPnP2uM3fsFgSxP2QBCtwUxqZxHWMpwjkM3kcQK0o6llz-szVRFuHhC9oNA23P7RjI9vZuSnPtIuxOI/s1600/IMG_1906.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="933" data-original-width="1400" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-mCbTjpkvWfrwcP6TqXv15yUkkvXmjHQMfLp80nfQcp2_-zZkN3fbBVefJmMbJPnP2uM3fsFgSxP2QBCtwUxqZxHWMpwjkM3kcQK0o6llz-szVRFuHhC9oNA23P7RjI9vZuSnPtIuxOI/s320/IMG_1906.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image courtesy of Hongkong Land</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 2017, in the grounds of the school that gave Sir Paul the
preparation and education he used to build the extraordinary life he had, La
Martiniere is also the proud custodian of a Sir Paul Chater bust. Created and
unveiled in a joint collaboration with the relatively newly formed and dynamic <a href="https://www.india-armenia.com/" target="_blank">Indo-Armenia Friendship NGO, </a>along with ex student of La Martiniere Girls’ School and a
stalwart member of the Armenian community of Kolkata, <a href="http://chater-genealogy.blogspot.com/2018/02/i-have-uploaded-on-to-youtube-short.html" target="_blank">Mrs. Sonia John.</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The result of this unique team work stands
tall in the grounds for all to admire. Sir Paul Chater has once again returned
to his beloved La Martiniere School and will forever look over the current and
all future students who go there to study for a better life. </span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSx2ii5UAkN9tUYluA61eHKtV3qZ0c-1MCP9YLTLUJ8bd_oPT_VzeJiv8d3KSLJpGhEfSduykLRKIgjxnNe4UWGBFCLTuQ9MRJkcqRx9ZKKWg5Uyie6oUhwTJqM3i46Rr0OwRzTM2petU/s1600/Sir+Paul+Chater+Bust+La+Martiniere.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1260" data-original-width="945" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSx2ii5UAkN9tUYluA61eHKtV3qZ0c-1MCP9YLTLUJ8bd_oPT_VzeJiv8d3KSLJpGhEfSduykLRKIgjxnNe4UWGBFCLTuQ9MRJkcqRx9ZKKWg5Uyie6oUhwTJqM3i46Rr0OwRzTM2petU/s320/Sir+Paul+Chater+Bust+La+Martiniere.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In the grounds of La Martiniere School</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Those of you who know about Sir Paul Chater will know he owned a unique
and priceless collection of art, as well as Chinese and Japanese porcelain and
bizenware. You may also know that he was a successful race horse owner in Hong
Kong with a top class stable that many admired. His triumphs on the race course
became legendary, particularly with the incredible record of Derby wins he
gained.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eleven Hong Kong Derby wins
jointly with his business partner and best friend <a href="http://chater-genealogy.blogspot.com/2016/10/sir-hormusjee-mody-his-family-and-their.html" target="_blank">Sir Hormusjee Mody,</a> and a
further eight Hong Kong Derby winners solely in his own name.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div><br /><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9qf-USPLRtj3LAlV5gzgZZ7oHO5Nt6IhDiQdGIwROHl5KmGNO6pGA2pPWFbIxkuaMNDLiwZCDJFvgM7n6Tvhc3rF3gQWRdvd7x_qam13OgiquDj2SIY8KtJNVDn2a04NTh3Nh2CbasTA/s907/Liz-Chater_Glorious_Dahlia-01b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="907" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9qf-USPLRtj3LAlV5gzgZZ7oHO5Nt6IhDiQdGIwROHl5KmGNO6pGA2pPWFbIxkuaMNDLiwZCDJFvgM7n6Tvhc3rF3gQWRdvd7x_qam13OgiquDj2SIY8KtJNVDn2a04NTh3Nh2CbasTA/w320-h271/Liz-Chater_Glorious_Dahlia-01b.jpg" title="Liz Chater's Private Archive" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Liz Chater's Private Archive<br /></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">No other owner has been able to attain the heady heights of 19 Hong
Kong Derby wins in their career.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In his
trophy room in Marble Hall, his tables must have been groaning under the weight
of silver they were displaying.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEzJcqoO4N6tm-4aqnctSIwvhIzQZaxzl4TJdXVy4Zo_ZDcyc91QbZRPVSt_odHTkBzvTqJbzNZgaseE8xAhU_21p4E6i2QdDk7FsLC9h6X7uQUnJZlZHbyvtH2IxJu-_EIuEZHxGSO0U/s1600/hong+kong+derby+winners+of+chater+and+mody-b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEzJcqoO4N6tm-4aqnctSIwvhIzQZaxzl4TJdXVy4Zo_ZDcyc91QbZRPVSt_odHTkBzvTqJbzNZgaseE8xAhU_21p4E6i2QdDk7FsLC9h6X7uQUnJZlZHbyvtH2IxJu-_EIuEZHxGSO0U/s320/hong+kong+derby+winners+of+chater+and+mody-b.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Liz Chater</td></tr>
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<span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">But what of that silver? After he died, he
left his collection of art to the government of Hong Kong, perhaps hoping they
would create a museum. Extraordinarily, in 1936 it was reported that: <i><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“…..portions of the household effects
bequeathed to the Colony by the late Sir Paul Chater have in turn been
bequeathed by the Hongkong Government to various charitable organisations as
they are considered worthless from a collection point of view…………”</span></i></span><br />
<br />
<span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">After years of being loved and admired, parts
of Sir Paul Chater’s home were deemed “worthless”.</span><br />
<span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In the last 93 years, there have been no
sightings of any of the silverware Sir Paul Chater once owned. That is, until
now.</span><br />
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<span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">At a recent auction sale this beautiful
silver tray, inscribed to Sir Paul Chater came on to the market. I was
fortunate enough to be able to purchase it. A gift from the 93<sup>rd</sup>
Burma Infantry to Sir Paul in 1904.</span><br />
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<span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Although it has always been thought that his
art collection and silverware never made it after the Japanese invaded Hong
Kong during WW2, I can safely say, at least one piece of silver did indeed make
it and I am very happy to share the photograph here.</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrRrLbszV_OkBA5PXbN-kWzTXg4zWoU-9eb-M3dcVn3YHuyPLg4j43WQKTfZviY_N2Mkd4EzN_av3eggffBGy2Ac6G1Qfy9UwJyqU9p3fDcY3riPYD6o8SrwtfSG4hnIMpd_cJqJhnzk0/s1600/Sir+Paul+Chater+silver+tray+montage.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1237" data-original-width="1600" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrRrLbszV_OkBA5PXbN-kWzTXg4zWoU-9eb-M3dcVn3YHuyPLg4j43WQKTfZviY_N2Mkd4EzN_av3eggffBGy2Ac6G1Qfy9UwJyqU9p3fDcY3riPYD6o8SrwtfSG4hnIMpd_cJqJhnzk0/s320/Sir+Paul+Chater+silver+tray+montage.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Liz Chater's private archive</td></tr>
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<br /><br />Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-81565592126081793332019-05-12T19:00:00.002+01:002019-05-22T07:18:24.069+01:00An English Version of An Armenian Hymn of Saint Nierses Clajensis, Surnamed The GracefulI am fortunate to have a small but unique personal collection of Armenian related memorabilia and ephemera with connections to Calcutta and Dacca. One of the items from my book collection is <i>“An English Version of An Armenian Hymn of Saint Nierses Clajensis, Surnamed The Graceful”</i>. It is inscribed to Joachin Pogose a brother of Peter Nicholas Pogose of Dacca and a cousin of J.G.N. Pogose founder of the Pogose School in Dacca.<br />
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<br />Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5729709602062621134.post-4432489569214568842019-05-12T19:00:00.001+01:002019-05-12T20:07:16.556+01:00Joakim Gregory Nicholas Pogose: Founder of the Pogose School, Dacca<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Pogose School in Dhaka is a familiar landmark in the
city. What is perhaps unfamiliar to the Armenian Diaspora around the world is
that it was opened in 1848 by local Armenian Joakim Gregory Nicholas Pogose. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP4oTG7veVMoOHpoh7HgY6C2KwgW1NQ9LBJ4CmO_CAFQBzo5s5HJABpK9IXgSPtE8Y_dyvGARqciOLhiNzUa7gcKCdAwoGIrAimGkEIZsyXdG7zo4i7reZSRTT2D-RRkPPAOyUNCYvLkY/s1600/Pogose+School+Founder+date+1848-L1060418-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="316" data-original-width="640" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP4oTG7veVMoOHpoh7HgY6C2KwgW1NQ9LBJ4CmO_CAFQBzo5s5HJABpK9IXgSPtE8Y_dyvGARqciOLhiNzUa7gcKCdAwoGIrAimGkEIZsyXdG7zo4i7reZSRTT2D-RRkPPAOyUNCYvLkY/s320/Pogose+School+Founder+date+1848-L1060418-a.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Pogose School, Dhaka. Founding date.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">His Armenian family network extended into Calcutta as well as
Dacca. His parents were Gregory Nicholas Pogose and Elizabeth née Sarkies.
Through his mother’s family line one can see a deep rooted philanthropic trace,
His great grandfather, Sarkies Ter Johannes, was co-founder of Johannes Sarkies
& Co., and during Ter Johannes’s lifetime contributed enormously to the
poor, destitute and needy. His grave inscription reflects: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“… he was charitable to the homeless and distributed money
bountifully.”</i></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcjjoU3-Loh2AxTgPfouahcRpoK0r76t4pKGm6YPUrpP5WfFbGHKOBFKXGYjQRra3lhzZhB89zO3fLjVNv8wwsVNjhU_vbtN9rlxFJwW97ko10eyzS5ZGo0DkAPqyj-ZkpXSc36MlkvgM/s1600/Johannes+Avdall-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="652" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcjjoU3-Loh2AxTgPfouahcRpoK0r76t4pKGm6YPUrpP5WfFbGHKOBFKXGYjQRra3lhzZhB89zO3fLjVNv8wwsVNjhU_vbtN9rlxFJwW97ko10eyzS5ZGo0DkAPqyj-ZkpXSc36MlkvgM/s320/Johannes+Avdall-a.jpg" width="203" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Joakim Pogose of Dacca married a second cousin, Mariam née <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Avdall of Calcutta<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>.
The influence of personal advancement through education was something she was
already very familiar with. The significance of her well-regarded father,
Johannes Avdall, the headmaster of the Armenian College & Philanthropic
Academy in Calcutta from 1825 for 45 years<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>,
would have only made Joakim even more determined to create a school in
Dacca.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfCUArfmEy8xZac0H8dABhARO86Eef56vRVpwx1ky7ATlS8xunOSaA0oWfpIDvdx_7cu6dq3Tc-ZQCx9PBLHcXgv8G0o_nNk7xlwrT9FfsPzYDQW8o5I41hBcQvZcIw1DlAhP4EzVyItc/s1600/JGN+POGOSE+portrait.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1274" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfCUArfmEy8xZac0H8dABhARO86Eef56vRVpwx1ky7ATlS8xunOSaA0oWfpIDvdx_7cu6dq3Tc-ZQCx9PBLHcXgv8G0o_nNk7xlwrT9FfsPzYDQW8o5I41hBcQvZcIw1DlAhP4EzVyItc/s320/JGN+POGOSE+portrait.jpg" width="254" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What better mentor than his own father-in-law, a leading
educationalist of his time? Imagine if you will, the conversations these two
would have had, no doubt discussions on education and the complexities of
setting up a school, and how Joakim could learn from the first 25 years of the
Armenian College’s existence. Poignantly, In Johannes Avdall’s will, he left a
small legacy to: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“….my esteemed
son-in-law Joakim G.N. Pogose…..”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>Avdall
was the perfect motivator for the forwarding thinking Joakim, emulating his
father-in-law, Joakim became the headmaster of his own establishment. Knowing
his extended Armenian family were already making a significant difference
through education in one part of India, he realised it was within his gift to
create a similar institution in Dacca, this was simply inspiring for Joakim.
The determination and drive by Armenians in India to learn, develop and
progress is something the early settlers recognized to be very important.
Joakim was no different, and was in the fortunate position to be able to
financially support his dream.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1856 Joakim and his cousin Nicholas Peter Pogose were on
the local and managing committees of Government Colleges and School for Dacca.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></span></span></span>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In April 1859 Joakim, along with his wife Mary and their 4
sons travelled from Dacca, via Calcutta to England. Also making this journey
were other Armenians from Calcutta; Master Malchus, Mr. and Mrs and Master Paul
and their three children (and two servants); and Master Apcar. It may be that
the Pogose’s were acting as guardians on the voyage for Master Apcar<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>.
The vessel docked in Southampton and the Pogoses continued their journey to
London. The 1861 census shows the family at 26 Queen’s Terrace, Paddington, in
temporary boarding house accommodation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Education for his own children was paramount in Joakim’s mind and
although by 1862 he and Mary were by now back in Dacca, their second son, John
Avdall Pogose was successful in gaining prizes in English, Maths and Classics
at Kings College School in London<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>,
an institution run in conjunction with St. Marylebone and All Souls’ Grammar
School, a most prestigious institution. The Pogose name regularly featured in
the prize list for the school for several years after this. Meanwhile John
Avdall Pogose’s brother, Nicholas Joakim Pogose was elected to the ‘Eton Club’
in October 1869<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>,
indicating this is where he continued his education until he went to Oxford. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Meanwhile in Dacca, Joakim (also known as J.G.N.) Pogose was
amongst many things, an active Freemason. In recognition of his dedication to
the craft, he was presented with as solid gold Past Master’s jewel. Reported in
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Indian Freemason’s Friend </i>as
follows: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“Lodge Good Hope – The
brethren met emergently on Wednesday the 9<sup>th</sup> September [1863]……the
proceedings were rendered most gratifying by the ceremony which next took
place, of presenting to Bro. J.G.N. Pogose, P.M. of the lodge, in a suitable
and graceful speech from the E., - besides a splendid collar and apron – a very
handsome solid gold P.M.’s jewel, most tastefully executed with buckle and
holder, ribbon and case complete, having on a blue ground, a square, and the
diagram of the 47<sup>th</sup> proposition, encircled with a neatly corded vine
and cassia border, and surmount with a square and compasses supporting a double
Triangle, richly embossed and chased, bearing on the inverse the</span></i><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> following <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inscription: </i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“Presented by the
Brethren of Lodge Good Hope (No. 1058), Dacca, to W.Bro. J.G.N. Pogose, as a
token of fraternal regard, and in acknowledgement of his valuable services to
the lodge, particularly whilst W.M. in 1861.” </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">And around the obverse:
“Lodge Good Hope (No. 1058).” The gift was acknowledged by Bro. Pogose in the
most thankful and appropriate terms, and with feelings of the warmest
gratitude.”</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">By 1871 a new set of Dacca Pogose boys were now at St.
Marylebone and All Souls’ school. The census for that year indicates brothers,
John Nicholas Pogose, Joakim Nicholas Pogose and Carapiet Nicholas Pogose had
been enrolled as boarders, following in the footsteps of their elder
cousins.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These boys were the sons of
Nicholas Peter Pogose<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
(cousin of Joakim Gregory Nicholas Pogose) and his wife Mariam nee Sarkies.
Nicholas Peter Pogose and his wife had sailed from Calcutta in October 1869 on
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘Mongolia’</i> with three children,
treading a well worn educational path set by Pogose School founder cousin
Joakim Gregory Nicholas Pogose and his family.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Joakim, who by now was a familiar parental face to the
teaching faculty at St. Marylebone and All Souls’ School, was one of a number
of parents who presented prizes for the students’ examination success. Joakim
presented the Geography 1<sup>st</sup> prize to the value of 2 guineas; the
English Essay Prize to the value of 1 guinea; the Euclid prize to the value of
1 guinea; the Note prize to the value of 1 guinea, (this was for the best note
written by any boy under the age of twelve); and two Pogose brother’s gained
certificates of merit in German<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>.
Incidentally, also at this school were two boys named Malchus and Apcar and it
is very likely these are the same children who came to England with the (JGN)
Pogoses in 1859. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">By December 1873 J.G.N. Pogose had been appointed to the
Mitford Hospital Committee<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>
in Dacca, along with fellow Armenian Marcar David who ran a successful jute
business in the city. These two community driven individuals can often be seen
trying to make a positive difference by contributing and helping the local
Dacca population.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGswI1OQgEL2jaLyE9aWghDV2OjHe4KG2SyLBaaUzWinZOxcB-5HxhPOlqcMT2E5_b1cMU0mAg9PYvKnHC1X9Jg_qF1Dj-77uK1hFRj2tWAba9e7DfU98ixcA4sRb2o5ycnaVvSp2M9P4/s1600/family+tree+chart+showing+the+pogost+%252B+extended+family+network-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1131" data-original-width="1528" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGswI1OQgEL2jaLyE9aWghDV2OjHe4KG2SyLBaaUzWinZOxcB-5HxhPOlqcMT2E5_b1cMU0mAg9PYvKnHC1X9Jg_qF1Dj-77uK1hFRj2tWAba9e7DfU98ixcA4sRb2o5ycnaVvSp2M9P4/s400/family+tree+chart+showing+the+pogost+%252B+extended+family+network-a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Family tree chart showing the family network of the Pogose School founder, Joakim Gregory Nicholas Pogose.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Joakim Pogose’s grandfather, Nicholas Marcar Pogose was a man
of enormous wealth in Dacca, having inherited some of it from his own father
Marcar Pogose (sometimes also known as Poghos Marcar). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLE8XqTaNMMujGWHzn1te2QZf5rn9GeKzzVsyIy5pPLxQsPItAOlynMELUYNKZ4sP6uyK3t5_cBMYNQlOSabuXQHdvUfQmiItEawHiF8cmeFs200yFxNZ-jfffbqJcic6UNUnn0QF25uM/s1600/Margar+Pogosean+-+IMG_6567+Dhaka-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="736" data-original-width="1024" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLE8XqTaNMMujGWHzn1te2QZf5rn9GeKzzVsyIy5pPLxQsPItAOlynMELUYNKZ4sP6uyK3t5_cBMYNQlOSabuXQHdvUfQmiItEawHiF8cmeFs200yFxNZ-jfffbqJcic6UNUnn0QF25uM/s320/Margar+Pogosean+-+IMG_6567+Dhaka-a.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grave of Marcar Pogose</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In Dacca, as a Zamandar Nicholas Marcar Pogose was able to
build an impressive and substantial property and land portfolio of his own, and
it is this combined early wealth that enabled Joakim Gregory Nicholas Pogose to
be in a position to open the Pogose School in the city.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgouN8xL00-NrDmaVAc3CwH-yfI01XI-B0Y7kACbwWVo9w9uBA9x1TrMHhYOLV23fupt_xHgfqrp-RN58JqmDVGvZIulnUkxOKfc_IG632hs6jSO090P1rNQ_bYLMZEVTxc-tjVhtLLCwk/s1600/Liz+private+archive+-+Admin+of+estate+of+Marcar+Pogose+17+Aug+1790-c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="742" data-original-width="1024" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgouN8xL00-NrDmaVAc3CwH-yfI01XI-B0Y7kACbwWVo9w9uBA9x1TrMHhYOLV23fupt_xHgfqrp-RN58JqmDVGvZIulnUkxOKfc_IG632hs6jSO090P1rNQ_bYLMZEVTxc-tjVhtLLCwk/s320/Liz+private+archive+-+Admin+of+estate+of+Marcar+Pogose+17+Aug+1790-c.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Estate Administration notice of Marcar Pogose was granted to his son Nicholas Marcar in 1789</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">However, it wasn’t just his own school that interested him.
Joakim actively supported a visiting women’s rights campaigner from England who
was focused on education for women and reform. Mary Carpenter dedicated her
life to promoting female education and better standards of living around the
world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Having already travelled to India
a number of times, she returned once more in 1875, landing in Dacca where her
hosts, Joakim and his wife Mary made her most welcome<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a>. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH01zFE7I7rJHNcmiTQmAbMcsvoz2EIhlzJA0JVjeLrBtxctjf2btpkolzT_oZOHkeh0la619f4TpmWw6aAf7RS9XSuIqC5TRIifJfsqe0eVvfaja-GxW9v-rVkyIN5NvgImz0XCtD-dE/s1600/Marycapenter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="326" data-original-width="253" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH01zFE7I7rJHNcmiTQmAbMcsvoz2EIhlzJA0JVjeLrBtxctjf2btpkolzT_oZOHkeh0la619f4TpmWw6aAf7RS9XSuIqC5TRIifJfsqe0eVvfaja-GxW9v-rVkyIN5NvgImz0XCtD-dE/s320/Marycapenter.jpg" width="248" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mary Carpenter was a guest of Joakim G.N. Pogose and his wife Mary in Dacca. Image: Public domain</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">During her time in Dacca, and fully supported by the
Pogose’s, Mary Carpenter gave numerous talks about female education, infant
training systems, reformatories, sanitation, industrial schools and providing
better homes for the poor. She visited local jails to encourage better
conditions for prisoners. She suggested merging the local branch of the
National Indian Association (originally established by her) with the local
Philanthropic Society, thus giving further strength to the purpose of female
education. In her speech at the farewell reception held by Joakim and Mary
Pogose, she said: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“…sanitation is a
subject which you will do well to take up; do not oppose Government in its
efforts in this city to make sanitary improvements; you stand in very great
need of them; you will improve in physique if you live more healthily…..”</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">On the evening of Tuesday 28<sup>th</sup> December 1875 her
Pogose hosts bade her farewell. They were joined at the reception at the
Pogose’s well appointed home by a number of local native gentlemen, and Mary
Pogose was just one of three local females to attend the occasion. Clearly,
gender equality was still a distant dream for such gatherings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In thanking everyone, and particularly Mary
Pogose, Miss Carpenter said: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“…it seems
but yesterday that Mrs. Pogose led me into my chamber, nicely decorated with
evergreens and fitted up for my comfort.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I am very happy that I came to see you.”</i> Eighteen months later Mary
Carpenter passed away at her home in Bristol, England, but her legacy continued
long after her demise.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1876 Joakim and his cousin Nicholas Peter Pogose were
honorary magistrates in Dacca together.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Ref523597154"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _Ref523597154;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6TdnBxzTztyG5JZHvZ58PegPu_Ez5E2bdzaSN9vCdGSxjVzlXNqRl24dxbqExDvPu03GrbPLIS_WUdSovcVAFXITy8-i8pePRxYxZNVMbwQuN5ktFmRBwRcOXA-45HTnz02azXREKvPY/s1600/grave+of+joakim+G+N+Pogose+Narinda+Cemetery+via+Rajib+Rj-01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="824" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6TdnBxzTztyG5JZHvZ58PegPu_Ez5E2bdzaSN9vCdGSxjVzlXNqRl24dxbqExDvPu03GrbPLIS_WUdSovcVAFXITy8-i8pePRxYxZNVMbwQuN5ktFmRBwRcOXA-45HTnz02azXREKvPY/s320/grave+of+joakim+G+N+Pogose+Narinda+Cemetery+via+Rajib+Rj-01.jpg" width="233" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The grave of Joakim Gregory Nicholas Pogose, Nardina Cemetery, Dhaka. Image courtesy of Rajib Rj.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Ref523597154;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Ref523597154;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Joakim died on 3<sup>rd</sup> December 1876 just two months after his
fourth son Paul who had passed away In October of that year at just 22 years of
age. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhToGwMSJ2ABl7BJx5-KAowhtOCG6PsG0Uhz6PYfzF4Up0fn9B83C811_gPjbNREgdfFVbYzM5eCjzckwMrqublGAAZCnUtHIhnKB_S1N7-FdVzLZn9G01fqrl0N2IH8Cpp0hVnPG27DuE/s1600/grave+of+Paul+Pogose+Narinda+Cemetery+via+Rajib+Rj-04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="876" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhToGwMSJ2ABl7BJx5-KAowhtOCG6PsG0Uhz6PYfzF4Up0fn9B83C811_gPjbNREgdfFVbYzM5eCjzckwMrqublGAAZCnUtHIhnKB_S1N7-FdVzLZn9G01fqrl0N2IH8Cpp0hVnPG27DuE/s320/grave+of+Paul+Pogose+Narinda+Cemetery+via+Rajib+Rj-04.jpg" width="219" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The grave of Paul Pogose, Narinda Cemetery, Dhaka. Image courtesy of Rajib Rj.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">By the end of this tumultuous year Mary Pogose had buried a son and a
husband. She meticulously and carefully created identical tombstones for them;
they are placed only yards apart in the Narinda Cemetery, Dhaka. Tragically,
Mary and Joakim had already buried their 3<sup>rd</sup> son, Nicholas in 1872
who had died in St. Leonard’s, in Sussex of typhoid. Initially Nicholas had
been buried in Kensal Green cemetery in London, but, was re-interred at St.
Sepulchres, Cemetery, Oxford close to where he had studied.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mary’s life continued to be difficult, her remaining two
sons, Gregory and John became “mentally incapacitated”. Both initially seemed
to have promising careers in front of them, but by 1893 she was providing care
and supporting them both financially. Concerned about their financial future
after she died, Mary ensured there was sufficient money and physical support for
both of them in her will. Mary died in Calcutta in March 1893 and is buried in
the Holy Nazareth Armenian Church in the city.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigcHIhaFWG4bnteqgatUO6Yne-OJle1HhWlLL335Mg4pBeIAVbVwymQDQPyz6RjVqMjkfWQwpLviOZwbyAMiXljdjk1tNC7n9SKl-5G7EX4oDLZT3nQUId4ppwCr-VszvQYCk-3Hs_wFI/s1600/Grave+of+Mary+Pogose+wife+of+JGN-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigcHIhaFWG4bnteqgatUO6Yne-OJle1HhWlLL335Mg4pBeIAVbVwymQDQPyz6RjVqMjkfWQwpLviOZwbyAMiXljdjk1tNC7n9SKl-5G7EX4oDLZT3nQUId4ppwCr-VszvQYCk-3Hs_wFI/s320/Grave+of+Mary+Pogose+wife+of+JGN-a.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grave of J.G.N. Pogose's wife, Mary. Armenian Holy Church of Nazareth, Calcutta. Image courtesy of Liz Chater's private archive.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5DFQIaVdGD33dCdHz05zTIrdSzM76Fb9CYJXEhe_WY0vl0uTE_CnQQVOlUK1XHr3CMxAwBAw6H8pdD_hKsWSmiWVGBnSeK-ZtpP5HX4hoYrH0obpMD7H28w_3MlC_Paa1F_jgxwwzUXk/s1600/Extract+from+the+will+of+Nicholas+Marcar+Pogose.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1237" data-original-width="1600" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5DFQIaVdGD33dCdHz05zTIrdSzM76Fb9CYJXEhe_WY0vl0uTE_CnQQVOlUK1XHr3CMxAwBAw6H8pdD_hKsWSmiWVGBnSeK-ZtpP5HX4hoYrH0obpMD7H28w_3MlC_Paa1F_jgxwwzUXk/s320/Extract+from+the+will+of+Nicholas+Marcar+Pogose.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extract from the will of Nicholas Marcar Pogose. Showing last page written in Bengali and first page written in English. BL: L/AG/29/47/153</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDz9GSQab7wBXQcVTCziB3bLwnEUKitZarqQExprPja-0FYATySNNL75nGfCnzwaJT5RLQV5kYgdJcrqTj2hD1d6PH9fFgfwGoVNnFgOFAUc4UvnS0rrnYtNcQDi5Q_3pZVIvI8xqSuBE/s1600/inventory+and+accounts+of+the+estate+of+Nicholas+Marcar+Pogose+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1094" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDz9GSQab7wBXQcVTCziB3bLwnEUKitZarqQExprPja-0FYATySNNL75nGfCnzwaJT5RLQV5kYgdJcrqTj2hD1d6PH9fFgfwGoVNnFgOFAUc4UvnS0rrnYtNcQDi5Q_3pZVIvI8xqSuBE/s320/inventory+and+accounts+of+the+estate+of+Nicholas+Marcar+Pogose+.jpg" width="218" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Page 1 of the inventory and accounts of the estate of Nicholas Marcar Pogose lists a small selection of the houses and lands he owned at the time of his death. BL: L/AG/34/27/96/181</td></tr>
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<div class="MsoCommentText" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Today,
there are no living descendants of the Pogose School founder JGN Pogose and his
wife Mary. The school continues to educate students in Dhaka. Pogose’s
father-in-law’s school in Kolkata, The Armenian College & Philanthropic
Academy also continues to thrive. It will be celebrating its 200 year
anniversary in 2020.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoCommentText" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">A
less successful cousin, Nicholas Peter Pogose, was briefly the proprietor of
the Dhaka Daily News, as well as a Warden of the Armenian Church Dhaka, but
during his lifetime was declared hopelessly insolvent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nicholas’s son Peter Nicholas Pogose and his
wife Eugenie nee Manook seem to spend the majority of their lives playing
catch-up and trying to avoid their creditors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Peter was embroiled in a spectacular court case for fraud, eventually
being found guilty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can read the
full story as part of the Bangladesh Armenian Heritage Project stories here</span></div>
<div class="MsoCommentText" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><a href="http://armenianchurchbangladesh.com/spotlight-on-the-community/nicholas-peter-pogose/">http://armenianchurchbangladesh.com/spotlight-on-the-community/nicholas-peter-pogose/</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoCommentText" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
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<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenian Church Calcutta Marriage Register No. 201</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
Armenians in India from the Earliest Time to the Present Day P.448 + 449</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
General Report on Public Instruction in the Lower provinces of the Bengal
Presidency for 1855-56</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
Newspaper: Homeward Mail from India, China and the East 13 April 1859</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>
Newspaper: The Daily News 25 July 1862, p.5</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
Newspaper: The Borough of Marylebone Mercury 2 August 1862.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>
The Eton College Chronicle 11 November 1869 p.514</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
There is a separate story for Nicholas Peter Pogose and his family</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>
Newspaper: The Borough of Marylebone Mercury 29 July 1871</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>
Homeward Mail from India, China and the East 22 December 1873</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>
Journal of The National Indian Association, IN AID OF SOCIAL PROGRESS IN INDIA.
No. 61. January 1876, p.68.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a>
Mary Carpenter arrived in Dacca in the second week of December. It was noted in
‘The Indian Mirror’ of 28<sup>th</sup> November 1875 that she would be the
guest of Mr. J. Pogose.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5729709602062621134#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a>
Bengal Directory 1876 p.128</div>
</div>
</div>
Chater Genealogyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02349149487236193289noreply@blogger.com0